2. Learning disability (LD) now also known as
specific learning disability (SLD) affects a
broad range of academic and functional skills
including the ability to
Speak
Listen
Read
Write
Spell
Reason
Organise information
7. Heredity
Learning disabilities often run in the family.
Problems during pregnancy and
birth
Anomalies in developing brain, illness or injury,
fetal exposure to alcohol or drugs, lbw, oxygen
deprivation, premature or prolonged labour.
Accidents after Birth
Head injures, malnutrition, toxic exposure.
8. Estimated 15% of the U.S population
10 % of the school age population in India.
35% of the students with LD drop out of high
school.
60% of the adults with severe literacy
problems have undetected LD.
50% of juvenile delinquents tested LD.
60% of the adolescents in treatment for
substance abuse have LD.
9. SCHOOL FAILURE
DIFFICULTY IN UNDERSTANDING AND PRODUCING WORK
LEARNING DISABILITY
DISCOURAGEMENT
DECREASED EFFORT
LOSS OF SELF ESTEEM
UNEMPLOYMENT / CRIME
DROP OUT
FURTHER SCHOOL FAILURE
WASTE OF OUR HUMAN RESOURCE
10.
11. According to self-esteem expert Morris Rosenberg, self-esteem is
quite simply one’s attitude toward oneself (1965). He described it
as a “favourable or unfavourable attitude toward the self”.
Various factors believed to influence our self-esteem include:
Genetics
Personality
Life experiences
Age
Health
Thoughts
Social circumstances
The reactions of others
Comparing the self to others
For e.g.- (I am competent, I am worthy, I am lazy, I am stupid).
An important note is that self-esteem is not fixed. It is malleable
and measurable, meaning we can test for and improve upon it.
13. Your child avoids a task or challenge without even trying. This often signals a fear of failure or
a sense of helplessness.
He quits soon after beginning a game or a task, giving up at the first sign of frustration.
He cheats or lies when he believes he's going to lose a game or do poorly.
He shows signs of regression, acting baby like or very silly. These types of behaviour invite
teasing and name-calling from other youngsters, thus adding insult to injury.
He becomes controlling, bossy, or inflexible as ways of hiding feelings of inadequacy,
frustration, or powerlessness.
He makes excuses ("The teacher is dumb") or downplays the importance of events ("I don't
really like that game anyway"), uses this kind of rationalizing to place blame on others or
external forces.
His grades in school have declined, or he has lost interest in usual activities.
He withdraws socially, losing or having less contact with friends.
He experiences changing moods, exhibiting sadness, crying, angry outbursts, frustration, or
quietness.
He makes self-critical comments, such as "I never do anything right," "Nobody likes me," "I'm
ugly," "It's my fault," or "Everyone is smarter than I am."
He has difficulty accepting either praise or criticism.
He becomes overly concerned or sensitive about other people's opinions of him.
He seems to be strongly affected by negative peer influence, adopting attitudes and behaviours
like a disdain for school, cutting classes, acting disrespectfully, shoplifting, or experimenting
with tobacco, alcohol, or drugs.
He is either overly helpful or never helpful at home.
14. Assessment and Counselling
Remedial Education
Family Therapy
Play therapy
Art therapy
Life skills training
Support groups