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Watson – from Jeopardy to healthcare
1. IBM Watson - From Jeopardy to Healthcare
Annette Hicks
Healthcare & Social Services Industry Leader
A/NZ IBM
2. Taking on Jeopardy! – Real Language is Real Hard
• Jeopardy! poses a grand challenge for a
computing system:
– Broad range of subject matter
– Speed of accurate responses and confidence
– Requires analysing subtle meaning, irony, riddles,
and other complexities – tasks that humans excel
at but which computers traditionally do not
– Ability to understand human language
• Chess
– A finite, mathematically well-defined search space
– Large but limited number of moves and states
– Everything explicit, unambiguous mathematical
rules
The Grand Challenge
4. Cognitive systems expand the problems we can
address
4
Programmatic Systems Cognitive Systems
• Leverage traditional data sources
• Follow pre-defined rules (programs)
• Provide the same output to all users
• Are taught, not programmed.
• Learn and improve based on experience
• Interpret sensory and non-traditional
data
• Relate to each of us as individuals
• Allow us to expand and scale our own
thinking
5. Brief History of IBM Watson
R&D
Demonstration
Commercialization
Cross-industry
Applications
IBM
Research
Project
(2006 – )
Jeopardy!
Grand
Challenge
(Feb 2011)
Watson
for
Healthcare
(Aug 2011 –)
Watson
Industry
Solutions
(2012 – )
Watson
for Financial
Services
(Mar 2012 – )
Expansion
10. 75%
of
Total
$ Trillion
Why Oncology?
3X
rate cancer cost climbs
vs. std. health costs or
15-18% / yr.
$263.8B
overall costs of
cancer
in the US in 2010
20-44%
of cancer cases
receive the wrong
diagnosis initially
12. Medical
Terminology
Watson first
needed to learn
basic medical
terminology
Health and
Wellness
Watson will
broaden its base
of medical
knowledge and
deepen its
understanding of
data relevant to
patient health
Literature,
Guidelines and
Policies
Watson is taught
how to adjudicate
medical requests
subject to policies
and guidelines
supported by
literature
Clinical Treatment
Options
Watson begins to
learn how to
understand a
patient case and
identify candidate
treatment options
and relevant
supporting
evidence
Training Watson for Healthcare
14. And Creating a Corpus of Knowledge for Cancer Care
Ingestion of NCCN guidelines for breast cancer and lung cancer:
– Roughly 500,000 unique combinations of breast cancer patient attributes.
– Roughly 50,000 unique combinations of lung cancer patient attributes.
Over 600,000 pieces of evidence ingested, from 42 different publications/publishers,
including:
– The Breast Journal, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (Clinical
Practice Guidelines, Drug and Biologics compendium, et al.), American
Journal Of Hematology, Annals Of Neurology, CA: A Cancer Journal For
Clinicians, Cancer Journal, Cochrane, EBSCO, Hematological Oncology,
Hepatology, International Journal Of Cancer, Journal Of Gene Medicine,
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Journal of Oncology Practice, Massachusetts
Medical Society Journal Watch, Massachusetts Medical Society New
England Journal Of Medicine, Merck, Nephrology, UptoDate, Clinical Lung
Cancer, Current Problems in Cancer, Cancer Treatment Reviews, Elsevier's
Monographs in Cancer (multiple), Clinical Breast Cancer, European Journal
of Cancer, Lung Cancer (the journal).
IBM Confidential
19. A new era of cognitive systems has
just begun for Healthcare
Transforming how healthcare professionals
think, act, and operate
Learning through interactions
Delivering evidence based care driving better
outcomes