3. Lesson objectives
In this section, you will learn:
Copyright
basics
Scenarios
that may
lead to
copyright
infringement
How to
avoid copyright
infringement
4. Copyright Basics
This section introduces
students to the basics of
copyright:
• What it protects
• Its nature and duration
• How much you can copy
for study or research
6. Benefits of copyright
Copyright benefits society by encouraging innovation and creativity
Video
X
See accompanying video on
BENEFITS OF COPYRIGHT
7. What is copyright?
• Form of protection given by S’pore laws to authors of
original literary, dramatic, musical, artistic works and
their derivatives (films, audio recordings, performances,
broadcasts).
• Confers on author the right to sell, reproduce (copy),
adapt his own works.
• Violation of one of the rights mentioned above is called
copyright infringement. It can be a criminal offence.
10. What does copyright protect?
• Literary
works
• books, articles
• Compilations
• directories,
databases
• Computer
programs
• Dramatic
works
• choreography,
screenplays, plays
and mime
• Artistic works
• include “graphic works”
paintings, drawings, diagrams,
maps, charts, plans,
engravings, etchings,
lithographs, woodcuts or similar
works
photographs (includes slides,
negatives, microfilm, exclude
stills from movies), cartoons,
collages, craft work, sculpture,
buildings and model of buildings,
maps and plans
• Videos
• visual images
• sounds
• other components,
such as script and music
• Musical
works
• the music
• the story
• the particular
recording itself
11. Who owns the copyright?
• Commissioned
material
– creator owns copyright
(students own copyright in
contents they create)
*Subject to conditions agreed with your school
• Material created by
employees as part of
their job (copyright
owned by employer)
*Exceptions
• Material created
for Government
*General rule
12. Legal rights of copyright owners
*Exclusive rights to do certain things with their material:
• reproduce
• communicate • perform • publish
• modify
*Anyone who wants to use copyrighted material in any of these ways needs permission
13. Duration of copyright
Unpublished works •Author’s life +
70 yrs after death
Anonymous works 70 yrs after first publication
Published works Author’s copyright : Life + 70 yrs
Publisher’s copyright : 25 yrs after
first publication
Sound recording 70 yrs after first publication
Films/videos •Perpetual if unpublished
•70 yrs after first publication
Photographs 70 yrs after photo was taken
14. How much can I copy for study or
research?
Copyright law allows for certain acts by users to be
protected under “fair dealing”.
If you copy published works for research or study, it is
considered fair dealing so long as copying limits are
observed.
• Published work
(book/ebook)
• Up to a reasonable portion, i.e.
1 chapter
• 10% of total pages (when book
is not divided into chapters)
• 10% of total bytes in that
edition
• Periodical
• 1 article unless another in
the same issue is on same
subject matter
15. Factors that the courts will consider
when determining “fair dealing”
The purpose, including whether such
dealing is of a commercial nature or
non-profit educational purpose
The nature of the work
The amount copied in
relation to whole work
The effect on the potential
market for the works
16. Copyright Warning Notice Displayed
on Self-service Copiers/Printers
The onus is on You to comply with copyright.
You will be responsible for any copyright infringement activities on the machines.
19. Books: What if you need more than a
chapter?
Purchase the book
Borrow from Library’s Recommended
Books Collection
Use alternative titles
20. Books
What if you need more than a chapter?
Video
X
See accompanying video on
LEGAL USE OF PRINT BOOKS
21. Music
Grants Public Performance Rights through:
o Annual licence
o Permits for performance of songs with
music + lyrics
o For an audience that includes the
public – need a Music Permit
o For an audience consisting of
students, staff, parents, guardians,
brothers, sisters, etc. – no need for
permits
Incorporate music into
assignments/projects
– no issue if uploaded into
School’s server to share,
or you could play in class only.
Avoid uploading to YouTube
Hyperlinking is ok Fair dealing permits temporary
downloading; delete after your
presentation
22. Movies
Motion Picture Licensing
Company (MPLC)
- Leisure/recreational viewing of
movies requires an annual
licence.
- Polys do not subscribe to the
licence.
Hence, movies may be viewed on campus for :
Academic purpose only.
No leisure/recreational viewing
on your laptops on campus.
23. Movies
Hyperlinking e.g. to YouTube, is OK
Fair dealing permits temporary
downloading of videos to incorporate
in your assignments/projects; delete
after presentation
Upload your project videos into your
School’s server to share, or
you could play in class only.
Avoid uploading to YouTube
24. Radio TV Cable Vision
Broadcasts
No need for any
licence/permits
No copyright issue when broadcasting
videos or music from these sources
25. Refers to pictures, photographs, illustrations,
icons, trademarks, logos, etc.
Images
Images are often copyrighted,
examine any terms of use
26. Where can you locate
materials that can be legally
shared and reused?
Images
Creative Commons is your solution to this
perplexing problem.
27. • An American non-profit organisation that facilitates
sharing, use, repurposing and remixing of works
over the Internet
• Uses copyright law to encourage the free copying
and distribution of works. What is important is to
attribute the owner of the copyright in the work
• Single source for creative contents that you can
freely and legally use – graphics, songs, videos, etc
• An excellent shortcut to avoid copyright infringement
issues
*Learn how to attribute CC materials here:
https://creativecommons.org/use-remix/get-permission/
28. Shaddim. (29 Feb 2016). Creative Commons license spectrum between public domain (top) and all rights reserved (bottom).
In Wikipedia. Retrieved on 2 Nov 2017 from
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&oldid=807645546
Summary of CC licence conditions
1) CC-BY: can copy, modify and
distribute freely with attribution to
author.
2) CC-SA: can only copy, modify
or distribute on the same licence
terms. For example, if you copy and
translate a CC-NC-SA work, you can
only distribute your translation to
others as CC-NC-SA.
3) CC-NC: can only copy, modify
or distribute for non-commercial
(not-for-profit) purposes.
4) CC-ND: can only copy and
distribute freely, cannot modify.
29. Music
http://ccmixter.org/
Images
http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
Presentations (check for the licence on the individual file. Not all files
have CC )
http://www.slideshare.net/
Documents (check for the licence on the individual file. Not all files have
CC )
http://www.scribd.com/
Generic Search Engine (for text, audio, video)
http://search.creativecommons.org/
Where to Find Creative
Commons Materials
30. Use the Creative Commons search
engine to help you narrow your search
to images that meet your needs, e.g.
may be used for commercial purposes,
and may be modified
31. Images
A word of caution:
- Images of trademarks, brands, company names,
logos e.g. Superman, Batman, Alibaba Group, Apple
(logo)
cannot be used without permission. It is a copyright
infringement when used in design of T-shirts, banners,
websites, etc.
Read the terms and conditions
of use on their website
If none, search
Creative Commons
If none, seek
permission for use
32. Images
Your poly Library’s website will have other sources for images that you can use:
Ngee Ann Poly Library
33. You will need permission from your lecturers to record lectures
Recordings
35. Section Recap
In this section, you have learnt:
1Copyright basics
2Scenarios that may
lead to infringement
3How to avoid
infringement
Navigate to Table of Contents
36. Quiz
I can use images from the Internet with
proper acknowledgement of sources.
True
False
37. Quiz
Creative Commons allows me to use the work as long as I follow the
author’s Creative Commons requirement and give attribution.
True
False
38. Quiz
How much can you copy under fair dealing from a published work?
Reasonable portion, i.e. 10% or 1 chapter of the work
5% of the material
More than 10% or 1 chapter of the work
39. Quiz
How much can you copy under fair dealing from a periodical issue?
(select all that applies):
1 article
1 or more articles on the same topic, eg. Blockchain Technology
2 articles on different topics
40. Quiz
I can create e-commerce websites for my projects/assignments
using genuine company names, their trademarks or logos without
seeking permission.
True
False
41. Quiz
I can borrow a movie from the Library for leisure viewing
on campus.
True
False
42. Quiz
I can do minor modifications to an artwork on the Internet and
use it as a new T-shirt design for sale.
True
False
43. Quiz
I can use copyrighted works if (select all that applies):
The use is a fair dealing.
Permissively-licensed works on Creative Commons
Permission in writing has been obtained from the copyright owners.
I will have to insert this message in my Project Report:
Permission has been obtained for the use of copyright works.
This is a student project.
44. Quiz
I would like to use superhero Captain America’s image on my
School’s publicity posters. To make it different, I will use silhouette,
and instead of a shield, I will use candy floss. Am I infringing copyright?
Yes
No
Because Copyright only protects the copying of a
fixed, particular expression of an idea. It does not
prevent others from copying general ideas.
45. Credits
Contents: NP Copyright Committee and
Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Lien Ying Chow Library
Video Script, Screenplay, Production, Direction & Videography:
Sharon Ismail, Course Chair, School of Film & Media Studies
Wong Wai Leng, Senior Education Development Specialist, Centre for Learning & Teaching Excellence
Afida Rahim, Senior Executive, Office of Learning Technologies
Actors: Students from the Diploma in Mass Communication, Acting Workshop Module,
as part of their assignment for the Oct 2013 semester:
Angela Tan Yen Khoon
Beatrice Isidora Decruz
Carolyn Chan Hui Ming
Cassandra M Tan Li-En
Eielson Low Chia Wen
Fidya Nurane Bte Hamzah
Kesavan s/o Loganathan
Laura Zhu Yuan
Michelle Lo Horton
Muhammad Al-Hafiz B Hosni
Muhammad Faiz B Saifulrohman
Nathaniel Jader Fetalvero
Tiffany Ann Chow Yi Lin
Yeap Yi Xuan
Images: All icons from www.icons8.com. Licenced under CC BY-ND 3.0
Note: The list may need to be updated if the videos
are used as we need to confirm who else were involved
