1. Factors/Principles for Good (School)
Governance
& Practices in Nepal
Hari Bol Kafle
April 21, 2016

2. Good Governance..?
Good Governance is the process of decision-
making and the process by which decisions are
implemented, an analysis of governance focuses
on the formal and informal actors involved in
decision-making and implementing the decisions
made and the formal and informal structures
that have been set in place to arrive at and
implement the decision (UN ESCAP, 2012).
April 21, 2016

3. Good Governance in School
Governance is defined about giving heads effective strategic
guidance and challenge in the school. Some schools benefit from a
strong and effective governing body, but standards across the
country are uneven. Action is needed to bring every governing
body up to the standards of the best, then to push standards up
further. In this scene, governing bodies must be clear of their roles
and responsibilities, and their composition must be such that they
are able to carry out these duties effectively (CBI UK, 2013).
April 21, 2016

4. significant of the school governance
• Governing bodies can add value to the organization and
performance of schools and can help to legitimize
schools as institutions (Balarin et all, 2008)
• Increased autonomy for head teachers and schools, a
strong support structure becomes even more important
– and this structure includes the governing body (CBI,
2013)
April 21, 2016

5. Partners for Good governance in
school
• School Principals (Leaders) or Head Teachers
• Assistant principals
• Teachers who exercise leadership in schools
• Parent and community leaders
• Student leaders
April 21, 2016

6. Eight principles of good
governance
April 21, 2016 (UN ESCAP, 2012).

7. Accountability
Accountability is the obligation of an individual or organization to
account for its activities, accept responsibility for them, and to
disclose the results in a transparent manner. It also includes the
responsibility for money or other entrusted property, Business
Dictionary (2015)
Accountability in the good governance is significantly important,
and lots of indicators are developed in school governance. To
measure the accountability as indicators as per given below, OECD
(2009)
April 21, 2016

8. Indicators of Accountability
Vertical accountability Horizontal accountability
 Level and quality of participation and
membership
 Level and quality of networks
 Level and quality of interaction
 Level of citizen monitoring/ oversight
 Level and quality of monitoring
evidence generated (for example, for
school – quality of improvement)
 Incidence and
effectiveness of
sanctions/ adjudication
 Quality of behavior (for
example, rent-seeking)
April 21, 2016

9. Transparency
April 21, 2016
Transparency is about shedding light on rules,
plans, processes and actions. It is knowing why,
how, what, and how much. Transparency ensures
that public officials, civil servants, managers, board
members and businesspeople act visibly and
understandably, and report on their activities. And
it means that the general public can hold them to
account. It is the surest way of guarding against
corruption, and helps increase trust in the people
and institutions on which our futures depend, TI
(2015)

10. Responsive
• Make a positive and quick reaction to something or
someone, Cambridge Dictionary (UoC)
• ‘’Responsive Teaching; creating a High Quality’’ has
recently initiated by Virginia Department of
Education, USA
April 21, 2016

11. Equitable and Inclusive
• A wellbeing results from all stakeholders feeling their
interests have been considered by the school in the
decision-making process is needed. This means that all
groups, particularly the most vulnerable, should have
opportunities to participate in the process is Equitable
and Inclusive.
• Inclusive, equitable, pro-poor, and rights based, school
system’s structural and functional transformation are
made a priority to improve the quality for
sustainability.
April 21, 2016

12. Effective and Efficient
• Should have implement decisions and follow processes that make
the best use of the available people, resources and time to ensure
the best possible results is known as effective and efficient in the
god governance.
• The word effective focuses on whether or not something is
accomplished. It doesn’t focus on how something is done, but
rather, if it is done at all.
• The Word Efficient focuses on how something is done. Was it done
with little waste or expense?
April 21, 2016

13. Follow up the Rule of law
• Rule of law is ‘ Please rule according to Law’.
• No individual can be ordered by the government to pay civil
damages or suffer criminal punishment except in strict
accordance with well-established and clearly defined laws and
procedures.
• No branch of government is above the law, and no public official
may act arbitrarily or unilaterally outside the law.
• No written law may be enforced by the government unless it
conforms with certain unwritten, universal principles of fairness,
morality, and justice that transcend human legal systems.
April 21, 2016

14. Participation
• Participation in social science refers to different
mechanisms for the public to express opinion- and
ideally exert influence- regarding political, economic,
management or other social decision.
• In decision making, participatory method can take
place along any realm of human social activity,
including economic, political, management, cultural
and familial.
April 21, 2016

15. Consensus Oriented
• Consensus may be defined professionally as an acceptable
resolution, one that can be supported, even if not the "favourite"
of each individual.
• Consensus is defined by Merriam-Webster as, first, general
agreement, and second, group solidarity of belief or sentiment.
• It is used to describe both the decision and the process of
reaching a decision. Consensus decision-making is thus
concerned with the process of deliberating and finalizing a
decision, and the social and political effects of using this process.
April 21, 2016

16. Evolution of the Good
(School) Governance
& Practices in Nepal
April 21, 2016

17. Evolution of good (school) governance (CSTP UW, 2006).
• In 1980s; Leaders’ roles in school was
limited on effectiveness and
improvement, and identify characteristics
of “effective schools”
• 1990s: Leaders’ role was in the stage of
turbulent change. In many respects, a “re-
form era,” characterized in the United
States by a sequence of federal policy
initiatives, a time of “permanent whiteApril 21, 2016

18. School Governance in Nepal (Sharma, 2010)
• GON decided to transfer the school management
authority to the community as a reform measure for
school improvement, and
• The important segments of the community is opposing
the government’s strategies.
April 21, 2016

19. Policy and Practices of School Governance in Nepal
(CERID, 2008)
• the concept of governance has come after
the restoration of democracy in 1990
whilst the first elected government
formed a National Education Commission.
• For implementing reform in primary
education, Basic and Primary Education
Project (BPEP), Basic and PrimaryApril 21, 2016

20. Policy and Practices of School Governance in Nepal (CERID,
2008)…..continued…….
• September 10, 2008 more than 7000 schools' management was
handed over to the community where local parents and
stakeholders assumed the major responsibility of school operation
and control
• decentralization mentioned in LSGA, educational planning and
management responsibility will be given to the local bodies and
communities,
• Capacity of the local bodies, communities, and SMCs to be
enhanced to take the responsibility of educational planning and
management
April 21, 2016

21. Good Governance & Education for All (EFA) strategies
(CERID, 2008)
• Education for All (EFA) core document is the
guiding principle for the development and
implementation of basic education in the
country
• School management are shifting from
centralized management to community-
controlled and school based planning and
management
• School to be operated by involving andApril 21, 2016

22. Good Governance and 13th Period Plan (NPC, 2014)
• The plan has come for the reconstruction, rehabilitation and
integration of the education sector
• Reflects that decentralization effort could not advance as expected
and local capacity building
• The plan emphasizes to entrust educational and management
responsibility to local bodies
• School-based management with accountability
• Inclusion to be the overarching strategies while implementing
educational programs
April 21, 2016

23. Good Governance and School Sector Reform(SSR)(CERID,
2008)
• Response the people's aspirations for
change in the education system from
dependency to autonomy, exclusion to
inclusion, and didactic to participatory
• Response to the commitment to provide
quality education
• Recognizes education as both a basic
human right and a development tool, andApril 21, 2016

24. Welcome for comments and
queries
April 21, 2016
THANKS FOR
OBSERVED AND FEEDBACK
As well as,