3. Gastrointestinal Blood Loss
I. Men and Postmenopausal women
I. Worm infestation – Hookworm, Schistosomiasis
II. Chronic use of aspirin or NAIDS (Intestinal Erosions and
Impaired platelet function)
III. Chronic hemoptysis or Hematuria
4. II. Child bearing age
i. Menstrual loss
ii. Pregnancy
iii. Breast feeding
5. Malabsorption
Hypochlorhdria- elderly, drugs like PPI
Previous gastric surgery
Coeliac DS
Child – diarrhoea, delayed growth
Adult – Weight loss, oral ulceration, dyspepsia,
bloating
9. CNS (Complaints)
Faintness, giddiness, headache, roaring and banging in the
ears.
Tinnitus, spots before eyes, lack of concentration,
numbness, tingling of hands and feet.
18. ECG
-Hb < 6 gm / dl
-Normal QRS, depression of ST segments,
-Flattening or inversion of T waves
19. Investigation
GI endoscopy (upper/lower) or barium studies
Men>40, post-menopausal women
To R/O occult gastric, colorectal malignancies, peptic
ulcerations, IBD, polyp, diverticulosis
20. Investigation
Recurrent anemia with features of malabsorption
young men with normal diet
Young women with normal diet and normal
menstruation
Serum antigliadin, antiendomysium antibody
Duodenal biopsy
21. Stool for parasites
Helminth infection:
Daily loss of blood - 0.05 ml for each Necator
americanus
- 0.23ml for A. duodenale
Trichuriasis (whipworms)- Intestinal bleeding
Schistosomiasis - Bladder (Urinary)
Colon(Intestinal)