It is slide on nationalism in India

1. NATIONALISM IN
INDIA

2. CONTENTS
i. INTRODUCTION
ii. FIRST WORLD WAR,KHILAFAT AND
NON COOPERATION
iii. DIFFERING STRANDS WITHING THE
MOVEMENT
iv. CIVIL DISOBEDINCE MOVEMENT
v. THE SENSE OF COLLECTIVE
BELONGING

4. INTRODUCTION
✣ Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to a
nation.
✣ In this chapter we will pick up the story from
the 1920s and the study the non cooperation
movement and civil disobedience
movements
✣ We will learn that how different social groups
participated in the movement .

5. FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT
AND NON-COOPERATION

6. WORLD WAR
• ‘WORLD WAR 1’ broke out in 1914
• INDIA was under British rule.

8. ✣ National Movement was spreading in New areas in
1919 and incorporating new social groups and
developing new modes of struggle.
✣ He advocated that physical force was not necessary
to fight the oppressor.
✣ In 1916, He travelled to Champaran in Bihar to
inspire the peasants to struggle against the
oppressive plantation system.

9. IDEA OF SATYAGRAHA

10. ✣ Mahatma Gandhi came to India and The Idea of Satyagraha emphasized the
power of truth and the need to search for truth.

11. ✣ Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January, 1915. His heroic fight for the
Indians in South Africa was well-known. His novel method of mass agitation
known as Satyagraha had yielded good results.

12. ✣ In 1916, Gandhiji travelled to Champaran in Bihar to
inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive
plantation system.
✣ In 1917,crops field in Kheda district of Gujrat, but the
government refused to remit land revenue and insisted on
its full collection.
✣ In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi intervened in a dispute between
workers and mill owners of Ahmedabad. He advised to
workers to go on strike and to demand a 35% increase in
wages.
✣ Satyagraha brought Gandhiji into close touch with the
workers in the urban areas.

13. The Rowlatt act

14. The Rowlatt act
The act authorized the
British officers to
imprison any India
political leader for 2
years without any trail.

15. ROWLATT ACT
✣ M.K Gandhi came out with Rowlatt
satyagraha in 1919.
✣ Shop were closed down.
✣ Rallies were organized.
✣ People went on strikes.

16. Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre
✣ A large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jalliawalla
Bagh.
✣ People came to protest against government’s repressive
measure while some came to attend the annual Baisakhi fair.
✣ General Dyer entered the area. Blocked the exit points and
opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds.
✣ The government responded with brutal repression seeking to
humiliate and terrorize people.
✣ Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground,
crawl on the streets and do Salaam (salute) to all Sahibs.

18. NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
✣ Gandiji wrote a bool “Hind Swaraj”.
✣ In which he wrote that if Indians started to non-
cooperate with Britishers than India will be
independent within 1 year.
✣ Further, the movement was renamed as non
cooperation khilafat movement.

20. Differing strands within the
movement

21. NON-COOPERATION KHILAFAT
MOVEMENT
✣ Launched by M.K Gandhiji, Muhammad Ali
and Shaukat Ali.
✣ Launched in January 1921.
✣ Many social groups participated.
✣ All interpreted the meaning of Swaraj in their
own way.

22. THE MOVEMENT IN TOWNS

23. SLOW DOWN OF THE MOVEMENT
IN TOWNS

24. REBELLION IN COUNTRYSDIDE
✣ Peasants had to do begar and work at landlord’s
farms without any payment.
✣ Baba Ramchandra and pt.Jawaharlal Nehru set up
OUDH KISAN SABHAS.
✣ They demanded to abolition of “begar” system. Many
people misinterpreted the ideas of Gandhi.

25. SWARAJ IN PLANATATIONS
✣ The government had passed the Inland Emigration Act I of 1859
under which plantation workers were not permitted to leave the
fields.
✣ Workers interpreted the Gandhi raj.
✣ They violated the act.
✣ Hence they were beaten by the police. 18. FEBRUARY 1922…
✣ In February 1922, Gandhi withdrew this movement.
✣ He decided to train Indians before any other mass struggle.

26. FEBRUARY 1922…
 In February 1922, Gandhi withdrew this
movement.
 He decided to train Indians before any other mass
struggle.

27. Towards Civil Disobedience And
Salt March

28. THE SWARAJ PARTY
✣ Many political leader suggested the idea of
fighting the Britishers from within the legislative
council.
✣ CR Das and Motilal Nehru formed Swaraj Party
in 1922.
✣ Leaders like Jawarlal Nehru and Subhash
Chandra Bose pressed for a more radical
agititation.

29. REASONS FOR CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

30. SIMON COMMISION
✣ The Indian members of the central legislative assembly exposed some draw
backs in the government of the India act of 1919.
✣ As a result of it, the Simon commission was appointed in 1927, to suggest any
further reforms.
✣ This commission consisted of 7 members and its chairman was sir John Simon.
✣ Indian boycotted it, as they were no Indian members in it.
✣ Moreover, there was no indication of swaraj, which was the first priority of
Indians.
✣ Which this commission arrived in 1928, it was met with demonstration with
banners.

32. GREAT DEPRESSION
✣ The depression had deep impact on the
agricultural and industrial goods.
✣ Poverty increased by 1930 due to high
taxes.

33. CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
✣ Civil disobedience is the active, professed
refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and
commands of a government, or of an
occupying international power. Civil
disobedience is a symbolic or ritualistic
violation of the law, rather than a rejection of
the system as a whole

34. SALT MARCH
✣ Mahatma Gandhi believed that salt could be a
powerful symbol to unite the whole nation. Most of
the people; including the British scoffed at the idea.
✣ Abolition of the salt tax was among many demands
which were raised by Gandhiji through a letter to
Viceroy Irwin.
✣ The Salt March or Dandi March was started by
Gandhiji on 12th March 1930.

35. ✣ He was accompanied by 78 volunteers. They
walked for 24 days to cover a distance of 240 miles
from Sabaramati to Dandi.
✣ Many more joined them in the way. On 6th April
1930, Gandhiji ceremonially violated the law by
taking a fistful of salt.
✣ The Salt March marked the beginning of the Civil
Disobedience Movement

36. ✣ Thousands of people broke the salt law
in different parts of country.
✣ People demonstrated in front of
government salt factories.
✣ Foreign cloth was boycotted. Peasants
refused to pay revenue. Village officials
resigned. Tribal people violated forest
laws.

37. Maps

38. 1-Colonial government
started arresting all political
leaders.
2-Gandhiji was also arrasted.
3-Total of 60,000 Indians
were arrested.

39. RESOPNSE OF BRITSHERS
✣ The colonial government began to arrest the Congress
leaders.
✣ This led to violent clashes in many places. Mahatma Gandhi
was arrested about a month later.
✣ People began to attack the symbols of British rule; such as
police posts, municipal buildings, law courts and railway
stations.
✣ Even women and children were beaten up. About 100,000
people were arrested.

40. Round Table Conference
✣ When things began to take a violent turn, Mahatma Gandhi
called off the movement. He signed a pact with Irwin on 5th
March 1931. This was called the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. As per
the Pact, Gandhiji agreed to participate in the Round Table
Conference in London. In lieu of that, the government
agreed to release the political prisoners.
✣ Gandhiji went to London in December 1931. The
negotiations broke down and Gandhiji had to return with
disappointment.

41. ✣ When Gandhiji came back to India, he found that
most of the leaders were put in jail.
✣ Congress had been declared illegal. Many
measures were taken to prevent meetings,
demonstrations and boycotts.
✣ Mahatma Gandhi relaunched the Civil
Disobedience Movement. By 1934, the movement
had lost its momentum.

43. People’s Perception Of The
Movement
✣ Farmers: For the farmers, the fight for
swaraj was a struggle against high
revenues. When the movement was called
off in 1931; without the revenue rates being
revised; the farmers were highly
disappointed. Many of them refused to
participate when the movement was re-
launched in 1932.

44. ✣ Businessmen: . The Indian Industrial and Commercial
Congress was formed in 1920 and the Federation of the
Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI)
was formed in 1927. These were the results of attempts
to bring the common business interests on a common
platform. For the businessmen, swaraj meant an end to
oppressive colonial policies. They wanted an
environment which could allow the business to flourish.
They were apprehensive of militant activities and of
growing influence of socialism among the younger
members of the Congress.

45. ✣ Industrial Workers: The industrial workers showed
lukewarm response to the Civil Disobedience
Movement. Since industrialists were closer to the
Congress, workers kept a distance from the
movement. But some workers selectively
participated in the Movement. Congress did not
want to alienate the industrialists and hence
preferred to keep the workers’ demands at bay.

46. WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION
✣ Women also participated in the Civil Disobedience
Movement in large numbers. However, most of the
women were from high- caste families in the urban areas
and from rich peasant households in the rural areas. But
for a long time, the Congress was reluctant to give any
position of authority to women within the organization.
The Congress was just keen on the symbolic presence of
women

47. THE LIMITS OF CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENTS
✣ Participation of Dalits…
✣ Many Dalit leaders wanted a different political solution to the problems
of the Dalit community.
✣ They demanded reserved seats in educational institutions and separate
electorate for Dalits. Dalit participation in the Civil Disobedience
Movement was limited.
✣ Dr. B R Ambedkar organized the Dalits into the Depressed Classes
Association in 1930. He clashed with Mahatma Gandhi; during the
second Round Table Conference; on the issue of separate electorate
for Dalits.

48. ✣ Participation of muslims..
✣ After the decline of the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat
Movement, a large section of Muslims became
alienated from the Congress. From the mid- 1920s,
the Congress was more visibly associated with the
Hindu religious nationalist groups. Muhammad Ali
Jinnah was an important leader of the Muslim
League. He was willing to give up the demand for
separate electorate. But he wanted reserved seats
for Muslims in the Central Assembly.

49. THE SENSE OF
COLLECTIVE BELONGING

50. THE SENSE OF COLLECTIVE
BELONGING
✣ Nationalism spreads when people begin to
believe that they are all part of the same
nation, when they discover some unity that
binds them together. The united struggles
for independence helped in building the
sense of collective belonging. Additionally, a
variety of cultural processes also captured
the spirit of nationalism

51. NATION DEPICTED IN IMAGES
✣ The identity of the nation is most often symbolised in a
figure or image; with which people can identify the
nation.
✣ The image of Bharat Mata was the pictorial
representation of the mother land.
✣ Vande Mataram’ the national song was written by
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1870s. This was
sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal. Different
artists projected their own version of Bharat Mata

53. FOLKLORES
Many nationalist leaders took help of folk tales to
spread the idea of nationalism. It was believed that
the folk tales revealed the true picture of traditional
culture.

54. NATIONAL FLAG
✣ The national flag which we see today has evolved
through various stages. A tricolor (red, green and
yellow) was used during the Swadeshi movement.
There were eight lotuses on it which depicted the eight
provinces of British India. There was a crescent moon
on the flag which represented Hindus and Muslims.
Gandhji had designed the Swaraj flag by 1921. It was
also a tricolor (red, green and white) and there was a
spinning wheel in the centre.

56. IMPORTANT DATES
✣ 1914 - First World war started.
✣ 1915 - Gandhiji returned to India.
✣ 1919 - Rowlatt Act was implemented.
Rowlatt Satyagraha started.
Firing at Jallianwala Bagh.
✣ 1921 - Non-Cooperation Movement started.
✣ 1922 - Non-Cooperation Movement ended.
Swaraj Party was formed.

57. ✣ 1927 - Simon Commission was formed.
✣ 1929 - Year of Great Economic Depression.
✣ 1930 - Civil Disobedience Movement started.
✣ 1931 - Civil Disobedience Movement ended.
✣ 1932 - Second Round Table Conference was held
at London.
✣ 1942 - Quit India Movement started.
✣ 1947 - India got independence.

58. EXTRA QUESTIONS

59. 1) How did the First World War help in the growth
of National Movement in India?
OR
What was the impact of the First World War on
India?
OR
Examine the new economic and political
situations created by the First World War in India?

60. ANSWER - First World War made the life of the Indians highly
miserable –
a. Heavy taxes were imposed on the people to meet the war
expenditure. Customs duty and Income tax were in
introduced.
b. Prices of essential goods doubled during the war period.
Common people faced the shortage of food and the other
essential goods.
c. Indians were recruited in to the army by force.
d. Famines and influenza epidemic killed many people. No
action was taken by the government.

61. 2) Name the three satyagraha Movements
organized by Gandhiji soon after returning
to India
Answer-Champaran Movement, Kheda
Movement and Ahmedabad Mill Workers
Movement.

62. Thanks!
NAME – HARSH
CLASS – 10TH B

63. Credit
I give all my credit to my teacher to give me
that task and I learn many thing by this.

64. Problems Between Presentation
design