Usage of contact lenses has increased markedly in the last few years .. for cosmetic or medical reason with some serious complications, here we focused on acanthamoeba as a great danger to contact lens wearer.

2. • Introduction
• Prevalence
• History
• Types
• Indication
• Contra-indication
• Complication
• Acanthamoeba Keratitis.
.Topics

3. Contact Lens is a thin lens placed directly on the
surface of the eye. Contact lenses are considered
medical devices and can be worn to correct vision,
or for cosmetic or therapeutic reasons.
.Introduction

4. • Around 125 million people use contact lenses
worldwide.
• Contact lens market was estimated at $6.1 billion
• Average age of contact lens wearers globally was
31 years old and two thirds of wearers were female.
• Egypt??
.Some Statistics

5. • Medical Use
• In Sports and other outdoor activities (instead of glasses)
• Cosmoteic use (non-medical)
.Common Uses

6. Famous Italian architect, mathematician and inventor
Leonardo da Vinci produced the first known sketches
(in 1508) that suggested the optics of the human eye
could be altered by placing the cornea directly in
contact with water.
.History

7. .History
F.A. Muller created the first known glass contact lens in
1887. Other reports say Swiss physician Adolf E. Fick
and Paris optician Edouard Kalt created and fitted the
first glass contact lenses to correct vision problems in
1888.

8. .History
In 1936, New York optometrist William Feinbloom
(1904-1985) introduced scleral lenses made of a
combination of glass and plastic that were significantly
lighter than older glass-blown contacts.

9. .History
In 1948, California optician Kevin Tuohy (1919-1968)
introduced the first contact lenses that resembled
modern gas permeable (GP) contact lenses of today.

10. .History
Perhaps the biggest event in the history of contact lenses was the
invention of the first hydrophilic hydrogel soft contact lens
material by Czech chemists Otto Wichterle and Drahoslav Lim
in 1959. that led to the 1971 launch of the first FDA-approved
soft contact lenses in the United States — Bausch + Lomb's
"SofLens" brand contacts.

11. • Rigid gas-permeable
• Daily-wear soft lenses
• Extended-wear
• Extended-wear disposable
• Planned replacement:
.Types

12. Optical Indications
• Most wearers use lenses to correct errors of
refraction instead of using glasses.
• majority are myopic with or without astigmatism.
Medical Indications
• Keratoconus
• Unilateral Aphakia
• Irregular Astigmatism and/or Corneal Opacification
• Nystagmus
• After Penetrating Keratoplasty
• or refractive surgery
.Indication

13. First it is important to evaluate the patient’s motivation, ocular
needs, and ocular and medical history.
Primary ocular contraindications to the use of contact lenses:
1. Any acute or subacute inflammation
2. Acute and chronic ocular infections
3. Any eye disease affecting the cornea, conjunctiva, and lids
(e.g., epithelial fragility, endothelial failure, dry eye, allergy,
pinguecula, pterygium)
4. Corneal hypesthesia
5. Uncontrolled glaucoma
6. Vitreocorneal touch in aphakia
7. Psychological intolerance to the foreign body
.Contra-indication

14. .Complications
it is important to evaluate the patient’s motivation,
ocular needs, and ocular and medical history.
• Corneal edema ( ttt: higher oxygen prem)
• Corneal distortion (test for astigmatism)
• Sterile infiltrates (ttt: topical steroid drops)
• Neovascularization (removing stimuli)
• Keratitis : Hypoxic - toxic - suppurative
• Microbial Keratitis: i.e Pseudomonas

15. • Acanthamoeba is a genus of amoebae, one of the most
common protozoa in soil, and frequently found in fresh water
and other habitats.
• When present in the eye, Acanthamoeba strains can cause
acanthamoebic keratitis, which may lead to corneal ulcers or
even blindness.
• This condition occurs most often among contact lens wearers
who do not properly disinfect their lenses, exacerbated by a
failure to wash hands prior to handling the lenses.
• AK treatment is usually difficult
• Neomycin, ketoconazole, diamdines
• Keratoplasty may sometimes be required.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis

16. Prevalence
o A recently published study was conducted by an institution in
Austria. The goal was to diagnose Acanthamoeba keratitis to give
an overview of proven cases of Acanthamoeba infections in Austria
during the past 20 years indicated that:
o 89% of the infected patients were contact lens wearers,
o where,60% of the infected patients were females.
In Egypt:
• 2014: 49.2% of samples collected from 10 different examined
swimming-pool water at Cairo
• 2015: 33.3% and 16.7% of inlet and outlet samples at Damanhour
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) before and after
conventional drinking wate treatment
Acanthamoeba Keratitis

17.  Wash your hands properly
 Rub the surface of the contact lens
before storing.
 Use only sterile products
 Contact lens solution must be
discarded upon opening the case, and
fresh solution used instead.
.Precautions
DO DO not
• Saline solution and rewetting
drops donot disinfect CL
• Avoid using tap water to wash
or store contact lenses.
• Do not sleep in contact lenses
unless prescribed.
• Never after swimming.
• Never swap lenses with others
• Never put in your mouth.
• See your optometrist regularly
for evaluation

18. Google Smart Contact Lens
.A scene from the future

19. • Our review indicated no recent reports for prevalence
of contact lenses usage in Egypt.
• We also indicated no reports for acanthamoeba
keratitis prevalence in Egypt, so there is an apparent
need for reports of current state of the disease among
contact lenses weares as there are reports of high
prevalence of Acanthamoeba in Fresh water.
.Home Message

20. Done By:
Hatem Refaat El-Sheemy
Eman M. Roshdey
Yara Gamal
Mohamed Salah
Anas El Raei
Under Supervision of
Prof.Dr. Hala El-Mofty
15-12-2015