intelligent transportation system

2. Sarhad University of Science & Information
Technology, Peshawar-Pakistan
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Presentation:1

3. What about ITS in Transitional &
Developing Countries
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Presented By:
Hikmat Ullah
(SU-19-01-049-014)

4. DYNAMICS OF TRANSPORT PROBLEM &
CONVENTIONAL APPROACH
 Changing economic scenarios has stimulated a tremendous increase in road traffic during the past
few decades.
 Vehicle ownerships starts to grow quickly when
countries reach income levels of about US $2500 per capita
 In 1950, the world had 70 million vehicles that increased by
nine times (630 million) until 1994.
 Since 1970, it has been growing at the rate of 16 million vehicles per year. At this rate, it is estimated
that the world's motor vehicle volume can grow as high as one billion by 2025.
 According to Number of Studies it is apparent that facilitating mobility through supplying additional
infrastructure may not be the preferable option considering the social and environmental costs.
Holand et al. [12] reports:
 "it has become increasingly obvious that the economic, social, and environmental cost of highway
construction programs can be unacceptably high."
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5. Conti…
 Downs, also recorded the limitation of the supply-side based on the principle of triple-
convergence. It is argued that any large initial reduction of peak-hour travel times on a
major limited-access roadway will soon be offset by the subsequent convergence on that
roadway of drivers who formerly 1) used alternative routes; 2) traveled at other times; or
3) used public transit (mode change).
 This limitation of the conventional approach coupled with the tremendous development
in the field of information and communication technology resulted in the emergence of
the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
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6. ITS Experience In Transitional And Developing
Countries
 What is ITS?
 An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an advanced application which aims
to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic
management that enable users to be better informed and make safer, more
coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks
 (ITS) are Modern approaches based on Information, communication and satellite
technologies in mitigating traffic congestion, enhancing safety, and improving
quality of environment.
 ITS are being used in many industrialized and emerging economies to facilitate
traffic mangers in tackling surface mobility problems.
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Conti…
 The intellectualization of the transportation infrastructure is deep rooted on the
principles of System Engineering.
 The combination of information technology with the communication and sensor
network is termed as telematics.
 It is called Intelligent Transport Systems when combined with the individual entities
such as physical infrastructure, vehicles, and controlling agencies.

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ITS TECHNOLOGY CLASSIFICATION
 ITS Classification:
 Sensors (Primary Data Collection)
• Road Based (CCTV, Infrared Beacon, etc …)
• Vehicle Based (GPS, Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFIDs)
 Communication (Data, Voice, Video of the traffic System )
• Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) – Vehicle to road
• Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR) – Vehicle to Control unit
• Personal Communication Service (PCS) – Vehicle to Vehicle
 Information Technology (IT)- (Hardware, Software, Telecommunication, Database )
• These soft technologies are complemented with the hard technologies.

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Conti…

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Conti…

11. ITS Experience In Transitional And
Developing Countries
Developed country
 A sovereign state that has a developed economy and advanced technological
infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations
Developing country
 A developing country is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low
Human Development Index relative to other countries.
 Transitional countries Are considered to be countries which are undertaking
macroeconomic reforms in an attempt to alter the ways in which
their economies are managed
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12. ITS Special Consideration for Transitional
Countries
 The application of ITS in developed countries is straightforward
 However, this is not true for developing and transitional countries.
 A special requirement of these countries has to be taken into consideration in many
ITS application
 Practitioners in these countries are advised to make use of the world bank series of
Technical Notes on ITS in addition to other requirement,
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13. World bank Technical Notes on ITS
 The World Bank is supporting client transport agencies in deploying these
new tools—smartphone applications, E-ticketing, speed cameras and remote
control traffic signals to more efficiently manage transportation assets and improve
road safety.
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14. Transportation challenges
 Transportation has been and will be a driving force behind economic development
in all countries. We live in an era in which 2/3 of the world population are on the
brink of transition to modern economies.
 The Critical factor in transition is the transportation. As standards of living increases
and there is a rapid growth in demand for transportation capital such as highways,
railways , cars and truck.
 The problem in the transition process is the capital requirement to make such a
transformation in these countries exceeds the combined resources from all existing
sources.
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15. Conti…
 Due to this limitation, many Transformational professional are turning to ITS as a
means of more efficiency of a given transportation investment.
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16. Diverse Requirement
 Understanding what the special requirements of transitional and developing countries
and how much these requirements affect ITS is challenging for ITS actors.
 For example, the level of GNP per inhabitant has many direct and indirect consequences
that cannot be changed in a couple of decades.
 The frequency of vehicles breakdowns in these countries is higher than in many
industrialized countries due to the old vehicles fleets and poor road condition.
 So the benefit cost ratio of incidents detection devices in tunnels and else where in urban
areas should in principle be much higher in transitional and developing countries.
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17. Context for ITS deployment
 In terms of context for ITS deployment, there is a great diversity within and between
the many transitional and developing countries in the world.
 The diversity lies in the following dimensions:
 There can be large differences within the same country. For example, the State Sao Paulo
has a much higher per capita income and per capita vehicle ownership than the Brazilian
national average
 Taking one country as a whole, the difference in its economic and transport status
between two times frames can be very large.
 For example, in the past 11 years, the Czeck Republic has experienced an immense
increase in its per capita income and a huge improvement in its road network,
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18. Conti..
 Among the transitional and developing countries in the world, there is tremendous
diversity in all aspects of common system, per capita income, human resources and
road development
 So by looking at these diversities, it would be difficult to identify commonalities
among the transitional and developing countries.
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19. Any Question
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