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Similaire à Classical greece keynote
Similaire à Classical greece keynote (18)
Classical greece keynote
- 1. Chapter 10
Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase
1
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- 2. Chapter 10
Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase
1
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- 3. Classical Greece, 800-350 BCE
2
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- 4. Early Development of Greek Society
3,000 - 2,000 BCE - Indo-Europeans migrate to
Anatolia and peninsular Greece and settle...
Minoan Society (2,000-1,100 BCE)
Island of Crete
Vibrant culture, traded extensively in Med., writing
Series of natural disasters after 1700 BCE
Foreign invasions sealed their fate
3
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- 5. Mycenaean Society
Indo-European invaders descend through Balkans
into mainland Greece, c. 2200 BCE (see map)
Influenced by Minoan culture
Military expansion throughout region (1500-1100
BCE)
Trojan war, c. 1200 BCE (with Troy in Anatolia)
Homer’s The Iliad, The Odyssey
Political turmoil, chaos from 1100 to 800 BCE
Mycenaean civilization disappears
5
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- 6. The Polis
City-states restore political order in Greece
Urban center, dominating surrounding rural areas
offered protection to surrounding areas in time of war
Highly independent character
Monarchies
“Tyrannies” (generals or ambitious politicians) not
necessarily oppressive
Early Democracies take root
7
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- 7. Sparta
Highly militarized society
Subjugated peoples: helots
Serfs, tied to land
Outnumbered Spartans 10:1 by 6th c. BCE
Military society developed to control threat of
rebellion
8
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- 8. Spartan Society
Austerity the norm
Boys removed from families at age seven
Received military training in barracks
Active military service follows
Marriage, but no home life until age 30
Some relaxation of discipline by 4th c. CE
9
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- 9. Athens
Development of early democracy
Free, adult males only
Women, slaves excluded
Yet contrast Athenian style of government with
Spartan militarism
10
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- 10. Athenian Society
Maritime trade brings increasing prosperity
beginning 7th c. BCE
Aristocrats dominate smaller landholders
Increasing socio-economic tensions
Class conflict
11
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- 11. Solon and Athenian Democracy
Aristocrat Solon mediates crisis
Aristocrats to keep large landholdings
But forgive debts, ban debt slavery
Removed family restrictions against participating
in public life
Instituted paid civil service
12
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- 12. Pericles
Ruled 461-429 BCE
High point of Athenian democracy
Aristocratic but popular
Massive public works
Encouraged cultural development
13
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- 13. Trade and Integration of the
Mediterranean Basin
Greece: little grain, but rich in olives and grapes
Colonies further trade
Commerce rather than agriculture as basis of
much of economy
27
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- 14. Panhellenic Festivals
Useful for integrating far-flung colonies
Olympic Games begin 776 BCE
Sense of collective identity
28
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- 15. Patriarchal Society
Women as goddesses, wives, prostitutes
Limited exposure in public sphere
Sparta partial exception
Sappho
Role of infanticide in Greek society and culture
29
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- 16. Slavery
Scythians (Ukraine)
Nubians (Africa)
Chattel
Sometimes used in business
Opportunity to buy freedom
30
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- 17. The Greek Language
Borrowed Phoenician alphabet
Added vowels
Complex language
Allowed for communication of abstract ideas
Philosophy
31
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- 18. Greek Theology
Polytheism
Zeus principal god
Religious cults
Eleusinian mysteries
The Bacchae
Rituals eventually domesticated
35
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- 19. Tragic Drama
Evolution from public presentations of cultic
rituals
Major playwrights (5th c. BCE)
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
Comedy: Aristophanes
36
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- 20. Greek Colonization
Population expansion drives colonization
Coastal Mediterranean, Black sea
Sicily (Naples: “nea polis,” new city)
Southern France (Massalia: Marseilles)
Anatolia
Southern Ukraine
14
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- 21. Classical Greece and the Mediterranean basin
800-500 BCE
15
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- 22. Persian Wars (500-479 BCE)
Revolt against Persian Empire 500 BCE in Ionia
Athens supports with ships
Greek rebellion crushed by Darius 493 BCE;
however, Persia routed in 490 at Marathon
Successor Xerxes burns Athens, but driven out as
well
150 years of intermittent fighting
17
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- 23. The Delian League
Poleis create Delian League (mutual defense
pact)Led by Athens to protect from Persia and
other threats
Massive payments to Athens fuels Periclean expansion
Resented by other poleis (especially Sparta)
Civil war in Greece, 431-404 BCE
(Peloponnesian War)
Poleis allied with either Athens or Sparta
Athens forced to surrender
But conflict continued between Sparta and other
poleis
18
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- 24. Kingdom of Macedon
Frontier region to north of Peloponnesus (Greece)
King Philip II (r. 359-336 BCE) builds massive
military
350 BCE encroaches on Greek poleis to the south,
controls region by 338 BCE
Alexander “the Great,” son of Philip II rapidly
expands throughout Mediterranean basin
Invasion of Persia successful
Turned back in India when exhausted troops
mutinied
20
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- 25. Alexander's Empire, ca. 323 B.C.E.
22
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- 26. The Hellenistic Empires
Period after Alex’s death to the rise of the
Roman empire - Greek culture spreads way
beyond Greece.
After Alexander’s death, competition for empire
Divided by generals
Antigonus: Greece and Macedon
Ptolemy: Egypt
Seleucus: Persian Achaemenid Empire
Economic integration, Intellectual cross-
fertilization from Med to India!
23
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- 27. The Antigonid Empire
Smallest of Hellenistic Empires
Resisted Antigonid rule
Athens and Corinth prospered
Heavy colonizing activity - especially to Seleucid
empire (former Persian empire)
24
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- 28. The Ptolemaic Empire
Wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires
Established state monopolies
Textiles
Salt
Beer
Capital: Alexandria
Important port city (could handle 1200 ships at once)
Major museum, library
25
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- 29. The Seleucid Empire
Massive colonization of Greeks
Export of Greek culture, values as far east as India
Bactria
Ashoka legislates in Greek and Aramaic
26
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- 30. Socrates (470-399 BCE)
The Socratic Method
Student: Plato
Spoke in public - attempted to get people to think
and question... condemned on charges of
immorality
Forced to drink hemlock
32
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- 31. Plato (430-347 BCE)
Systematized Socratic thought
The Republic
Parable of the Cave
Theory of Forms/Ideas
33
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- 32. Aristotle (389-322 BCE)
Student of Plato
Broke with Theory of Forms/Ideas
Emphasis on empirical findings, reason
Massive impact on western thought
34
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- 33. Hellenistic Philosophies
Epicureans
Pleasure, distinct from Hedonists
Skeptics
Doubted possibility of certainty in anything
Stoics
Duty, virtue
Emphasis on inner peace
37
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