History and culture of Egypt..

1. Life Style of Ancient
Egyptian
By
Huma.ch
Department of geography

2. History of Egypt
• Egypt was controlled by a ruler named Mena. The last of Egypt's pharaoh's
was dethroned. in 322 B.C.E. it was conquered by Alexander the Great.
• In 642 C.E., Arab forces took control and began to introduce the Arabic
language which still exists in Egypt.
• In1517, the Ottoman Turks entered and took control of Egypt which ended
in 1882.
• British stepped in to end a revolt against the Ottomans. They then occupied
the area until 1922, when the United Kingdom declared Egypt independent.

3. History of Egypt
Periods Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins 3900 B. C. E.
Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period 750 – 332 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

4. Life Style of ancient Egyptian
Marriage
Food , cooking
Cosmetics, Hairs
Jewellery, Clothing
Housing , Furniture
Jobs
Government
Religion
Gods and Goddess
Key Gods
Treatment with dead body

5. Marriage
• The concept of marriage in Egypt is not an easy topic.
Marriage between cousins, or uncles and nieces were
fairly common in Egypt But,
Father can marry with daughter
Brother can also marry with sister.
24 percent of marriages among common people were
brother/sister relationships. In early periods the future
husband made a payment to the bride's father.

6. Food , cooking
• cooking was done in clay ovens as well as over open
fires.
Beer was most popular drink. And bread was most
popular food.
The flour was then pounded by men to make a
fine grain. Sesame seeds, honey, fruit, butter,
and herbs were often added to the dough to help
flavour the bread

7. Cosmetics, Hairs
• Most people bathed daily in the river or out of a water
basin at home. The wealthy had a separate room in
their home to bath. Servants would pour jugs of water
over their master. Men, women and children of all
ages and classes wore makeup
Their hair were short. Young girls usually Had long
hairs. Wigs were worn by both men and women.
The wigs were made of sheep's wool or human hair
for decoration and for protection from the heat.

8. Jewellery, Clothing
• Everyone in Egypt wore some type of jewellery.
Rings and Bracelets were especially worn to ward off
the evil spirits and injury. Both men and women wore
earrings, armlets, bracelets, and anklets. The rich
wore jewelled or collars, necklaces, and pendants. For
the rich, jewellery was made of gold, silver.
During the Old and Middle kingdoms, men usually
wore a short skirt called a kilt. Women wore a straight
fitting dress held up by straps. The wealthy men wore
pleated kilts, and the older men wore a longer kilt.

9. Housing , Furniture
Egyptian homes were made from bricks of sun dried
mud, called adobe, because wood was scarce. A
nobleman's home was divided into three areas: a
reception area, a hall, and the private quarters. inside
walls were decorated with wall hangings made of
leather, and the floors were covered with tile
Most all people had some furniture consisting mostly
of a stool, small boxes for jewellery and cosmetics,
chests for clothing, pottery jars, and oil lamps.

10. Jobs
• Farmers: most of the people were farmers. They grew barley to
make bear, wheat for bread, vegetables such as onions and
cucumbers, and flax to make into linen.
• Craftspeople: There were a wide variety of craftsmen jobs. They
included carpenters, weavers, jewellers, leather workers, and potters.
• Soldiers: Becoming a soldier was an opportunity for a person to rise
in society. In peacetime, soldiers would help with government
projects such as moving stone for a pyramid or digging a canal.
• Scribes: Scribes were important people in Ancient Egypt as they
were the only people who knew how to read and write.
• Priests and Priestesses: Priests and Priestesses were responsible for
the temples and held religious ceremonies.

11. Government
Ancient Egypt achieved stability through the
co-operation of all levels of the population.
The PHAROAH was at the top of the social
hierarchy.
• Next to him, the most powerful officers
were the VIZIERS, the executive heads of
the bureaucracy.
• Under them were the HIGH PRIESTS, followed by
ROYAL OVERSEERS (administrators) who ensured
that the 42 DISTRICT GOVERNORS carried out the
pharaoh's orders.
• At the bottom of the hierarchy were the
SCRIBES, ARTISANS, FARMERS, and
LABORERS.

12. Religion
• Throughout Egypt's history beliefs and practices were
constantly changing though the themes of fertility,
rebirth, death and resurrection generally remained
constant. The Egyptians had many tales about how
the world began. According to one legend, it started
with an ocean in darkness. Then a mound of dry land
rose up and the sun god Re appeared. He created light
and all things

13. Gods and Goddess
• Thousands of gods and goddesses worshipped were by the
Egyptians. Local areas had local gods, with each city or
region often having their own Gods that they worshipped. If
a city came to prominence under a ruler or powerful
official, then the local gods rose alongside them.
Temples were considered dwelling places for the gods. They
were everywhere. Each city had a temple built for the god
of that city. The purpose of the temple was to be a cosmic
centre by which men had communication with the gods.
The priest’s duty was to care for the gods and attend to their
needs.

14. Key Gods
Amun was one of the most powerful gods in ancient
Egypt. At the height of Egyptian civilisation he was
called the 'King of the Gods'. Amun was important
throughout the history of Egypt
Ra was the God Of Sun. However, when
Amun was combined with the sun god Ra he
was even more powerful. He was then called
Amun-Ra
Anubis was the jackal-headed god of
embalming and mummification and the
patron god of embalmers. He was also a
guardian of the dead and a guide through
the underworld

15. Key Gods
Osiris chief god of the dead and the
afterlife is usually depicted as a mummy-
shaped human wearing the atef crown (a
white crown flanked by ostrich feathers)
and holding a crook
Isis was the wife-
sister of Osiris and a
powerful goddess of
protection.
Horu the falcon-headed sky
god was the son of Osiris and
Isis His eye was a powerful
protective amulet

16. Treatment with dead body
• Egyptian buried their dead in a different way than we do today.
They mummified you depending on how much money you
had. It was a very expensive and long burial process to
complete. They would wrap you up in linen and when they
were done, you would look like a ball of cloth. They put them
in things called tombs. Whatever tomb they put a mummy in
they painted scenes of the afterlife on the walls.

17. MATERIALS USED IN
MUMMIFICATION
MATERIALS USED IN MUMMIFICATION:
1. Linen
2. Sawdust
3. Lichen
4. Beeswax
5. Resin
6. Natron
7. Onion
8. Nile mud
9. Linen pads
10. Frankincense

18. Steps of mummification
• The dead body was laid out on a table and the brain
removed via the nostrils with an iron hook, and what
cannot be reached with the hook is washed out.

19. Steps of mummification
• next the flank is opened with a flint knife and the whole
contents of the abdomen removed; the cavity is then
thoroughly cleaned and washed out, firstly with palm wine and
again with an infusion of ground spices.
after this the body is placed in natron, covered entirely over
for seventy days.

20. Steps of mummification
• When this period is over, the body is washed and then
wrapped from head to foot in linen cut into strips and smeared
on the underside with gum, which is commonly used by the
Egyptians instead of glue. In this condition the body is given
back to the family who have a wooden case made, shaped like
a human figure, into which it is put.

21. Conclusion
• the culture of Egypt is the most strongest, famous and old
culture in whole over the world. This culture has some
amazing stories about the world, about their God and Goddess.
The pyramids and mummies in them attract the people of the
entire world. The name of Egypt is famous in the entire world
only due to its culture. The unique thing about this culture is
that this is most safe and complete ancient culture. This is a
Silence Culture but its silence is roaring in the every corner of
the world..!!