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- 3. Introduction
- 4. INTRODUCTION01 A. DEFINITION One of the most painful medical conditions Originate in the kidneys, but can develop anywhere along the urinary tract Solid masses made of crystals
- 5. B. CLASSIFICATION Calcium oxalate stones Calcium phosphate stones Struvite stones INTRODUCTION01 Uric acid stones Cystine stones 80% 5-10% 10-15% 1-2% 5-10%
- 6. Symptoms
- 8. SYMPTOMS02 Pain Entails other type of pain Caused by a blockage in your urinary tract Comes in waves Renal Colic
- 9. SYMPTOMS02 Severe pain in your lower back or sides Abdominal Pain Groin Pain Renal colic
- 10. SYMPTOMS02 Problems with Urination DysuriaFoul-smelling urine Urine that appear cloudy FrequencyHaematuria
- 13. Causes
- 14. Dehydration Bowel ConditionsDiet Medical ConditionsMedication Family History Why are we suffering from kidney stone? CAUSES03
- 15. Dehydration Hard exercise Living in a hot place Not drinking enough fluids CAUSES03
- 16. Diet Too much salts in foodHigh in animal protein CAUSES03
- 17. Bowel Conditions Diarrhea Gastric bypass surgery CAUSES03
- 18. Medication Oxalate + calcium kidney stones I love U. Let be my girlfriend Hey girl, U are so cute Too much Vitamin C supplements stone formation CAUSES03 Vit C OxalateCalcium
- 19. Medical Conditions Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Hyperparathyroidism ObesityInactive or deficient inhibitor CAUSES03 Urinary tract infections
- 21. Treatments
- 22. TREATMENTS04 Kidney stones size (mm) • Medication • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) <10 • PCNL • Open Stone Surgery>20 • ESWL • Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) • Ureteroscopy • Open Stone Surgery 10- 20
- 24. TREATMENTS04 Medications Fruit & Vegetable Pineapple Papaya Cilantro Musa balbisiana Pomelo Which part of the pomelo can be used for treatment? A. Peels B. Citrus C. Seeds
- 25. TREATMENTS04 Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) Uses high-energy shock waves to break stones Stones are broken into many tiny pieces They can be pass out with urine
- 29. Prevention
- 30. PREVENTION05
- 31. PREVENTION05 Hydration You should drink at least 2 liters of water everyday!Go to the toilet quickly! You have a pee?
- 32. PREVENTION05 Controlling Diet Reduce high animal protein foodEat foods with low oxalate levelsLimit caffeineLimit Alcohol
- 33. PREVENTION05 Doing Exercise Doing exercise with moderate intensity
- 34. PREVENTION05 Using diuretic medicines Citrate supplements Medication
- 36. A. Calcium oxalate 1. Which type of kidney stones is the most common? B. Struvite C. Uric acid D. Cystine
- 37. A. Male 2. Which sex can be suffering from kidney stones? B. Female C. Male > Female D. Both
- 38. A. Renal colic 3. These are the symptoms of the kidney stones, except: B. Fever and chills C. Haematuria D. Toothache
- 39. A. Gonad 4. Which abnormal gland causes kidney stones? B. Thymus C. Pancreas D. Parathyroid
- 40. A. MRI 5. What is one of the methods of kidney stones treatments ? B. CT Scan C. PCNL D. GABA
- 41. A. Vitamin C 6. Using….. in high levels can cause kidney stones. B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin B12
- 42. A. 2 liters 7. How much water should you drink per day? B. 4 liters C. 6 liters D. 8 liters
- 43. Renal colic typically begins in the flank and often radiates to the hypochondrium (the part of the anterior abdominal wall below the costal margins) or the groin. It is typically colicky (comes in waves) due to ureteric peristalsis, but may be constant. It is often described as one of the strongest pain sensations known. Although this condition can be very painful, kidney stones usually cause no permanent physical damage. Depending on the sufferer's situation, nothing more than drinking significant amounts of water may be called for; in other instances, surgery may be needed. Translation