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1. Target Tracking and Mobile Sensor Navigation in Wireless Sensor
Networks
ABSTRACT:
This work studies the problem of tracking signal-emitting mobile targets using navigated
mobile sensors based on signal reception. Since the mobile target’s maneuver is unknown, the
mobile sensor controller utilizes the measurement collected by a wireless sensor network in
terms of the mobile target signal’s time of arrival (TOA). The mobile sensor controller acquires
the TOA measurement information from both the mobile target and the mobile sensor for
estimating their locations before directing the mobile sensor’s movement to follow the target.
We propose a min-max approximation approach to estimate the location for tracking which can
be efficiently solved via semi definite programming (SDP) relaxation, and apply a cubic
function for mobile sensor navigation. We estimate the location of the mobile sensor and target
jointly to improve the tracking accuracy. To further improve the system performance, we
propose a weighted tracking algorithm by using the measurement information more efficiently.
Our results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides good tracking performance and
can quickly direct the mobile sensor to follow the mobile target.
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2. There exist a number target localization approaches-based various measurement models such as
received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), signal
angle of arrival (AOA), and their combinations. For target tracking, Kalman filter was
proposed, where a geometric-assisted predictive location tracking algorithm can be effective
even without sufficient signal sources. Li et al.investigated the use of extended Kalman filter in
TOA measurement model for target tracking. Particle filtering has also been applied with RSS
measurement model under correlated noise to achieve high accuracy. In addition to the use of
stationary sensors, several other works focused on mobility management and control of sensors
for better target tracking and location estimation. Zou and Chakrabarty studied a distributed
mobility management scheme for target tracking, where sensor node movement decisions were
made by considering the tradeoff among target tracking quality improvement, energy
consumption, loss of connectivity, and coverage. Rao and Kesidis further considered the cost of
node communications and movement as part of the performance tradeoff
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:
The mobile target’s maneuver is unknown
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
In this work, we consider the joint problem of mobile sensor navigation and mobile target
tracking based on a TOA measurement model. Our chief contributions include a more general
TOA measurement model that accounts for the measurement noise due to multipath propagation
and sensing error. Based on the model, we propose a min-max approximation approach to
estimate the location for tracking that can be efficiently and effectively solved by means of
semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation. We apply the cubic function for navigating the
movements of mobile sensors. In addition, we also investigate the simultaneous localization of
the mobile sensor and the target to improve the tracking accuracy. We present a weighted
tracking algorithm in order to exploit the measurement information more efficiently. The
numerical result shows that the proposed tracking approach works well
ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:

3.  TOA measurements are easy to acquire, as each sensor only needs to identify a special
signal feature such as a known signal preamble to record its arrival time.
 Our particular use of TOA is a more practical model because we do not need the sensors
to know the transmission start time of the signal a priori. As a result, our TOA model
enables us to directly estimate the source location by processing the TOA measurement
data.
 The mobile sensor navigation control depends on the estimated location results, more
accurate localization algorithm from TOA measurements leads to better navigation
control.
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
Hard Disk : 40 GB.
Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.
Monitor : 15 VGA Color.
Mouse : Logitech.
Ram : 512 MB.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Operating system : Windows XP Professional.
Coding Language : C#.NET

4. REFERENCE:
Enyang Xu, Zhi Ding,Fellow, IEEE, and Soura Dasgupta, Fellow, IEEE “Target Tracking and
Mobile Sensor Navigation in Wireless Sensor Networks” - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL. 12, NO. 1, JANUARY 2013.