Communities Combatting Illegal Wildlife Trade: online learning series for the East African Community region session three

1. Communities Combatting Illegal Wildlife Trade Online Learning Event Series Event 3 of 7 Welcome! This online learning event will start at 10am EAT ©PhilipJ.Briggs

2. Highlights from Session 2 ©PhilipJ.Briggs

3. Designer / Implementer Community ≠

4. DECREASED PRESSURE ON SPECIES FROM ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE . Four Primary Pathways A. Increase costs of participating in IWT C. Decrease costs of living with wildlife D. Increase non-wildlife- based livelihoods B. Increase incentives for stewardship

5. For each pathway… ENABLING ACTIONS INTERVENTIONS OUTPUTS PRIMARY OUTCOMES ASSUMPTIONS ASSUMPTIONS ASSUMPTIONS INTERIM OUTCOMES ASSUMPTIONS

6. Highlights from the discussion • The organisation implementing the intervention may bias outputs of the FLoD methodology – independent facilitation is preferred • Potential use for project design rather than just with existing projects – useful approach to ensure community input into design • Different wildlife-related contexts for which this approach might be useful – bushmeat, sustainable land management or natural resource management, other community-based conservation initiatives; etc. • Usefulness of approach in other contexts, e.g. other crime fields; health sector; climate change adaptation and gender responsiveness around all these issues • Interest in FLoD methodology for a variety of different sites in East Africa

7. Ice breaker!

8. Introduction to Session 3 Screen & Scoping + Inception Workshop ©PhilipJ.Briggs

9. Next 4 sessions: what do we mean by a Learning Event? What it is: − Shares uses and contributions of the methodology − Explains concepts and principles that underpin it − Describes steps involved in implementing it − Introduces tools that can be used − Promotes interactions with the participants What it is not: − A series of lectures − A course for credit − A detailed and comprehensive training course CAUTION: You will not be ready to fully implement the FLoD methodology on your own at the end of this learning event series. SAWC is developing an in-depth training course

10. Context for the next 4 sessions • Existing projects • A focus on high-value illegal wildlife trade • Based on FLoD Guidance & SAWC materials, which provide much more detail, as well as a number of teaching tools. Session 7 will: • Investigate how the methodology can be adapted to other contexts • Explore the possibility for project design

11. Reminder of key players Implementer / Designer Community FLoD Team

12. Reminder of guiding principles • Remove bias…independence from key players • Inclusive… representation from diverse groups • Mutual learning…not evaluative or punitive – find solutions that benefit all players • Feedback and validation…frequent and transparent • Transfer ownership…process and products owned by key players

13. DECREASED PRESSURE ON SPECIES FROM ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE . A. Increase costs of participating in IWT C. Decrease costs of living with wildlife D. Increase non-wildlife- based livelihoods B. Increase incentives for stewardship

14. A. Increase costs of participating in IWT C. Decrease costs of living with wildlife D. Increase non-wildlife- based livelihoods B. Increase incentives for stewardship

15. IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER TOC A. B. C. D. COMMUNITY TOC A. B. C. D. 3b. CONSTRUCT IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER TOC 4a. COMMUNITY FIELDWORK 5. FEEDBACK WORKSHOP KEY STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS 4b. CONSTRUCT COMMUNITY TOC A. B. C. D. BASELINE TOC 3a. IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER INTERVIEW 1. SCREENING / SCOPING 2. INCEPTION WORKSHOP 6. COMMUNICATE LESSONS LEARNED 7. MONITOR & ADAPT THIS SESSION

16. FLoD Methodology Step 1:Screening & Scoping

17. IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER TOC A. B. C. D. COMMUNITY TOC A. B. C. D. 3b. CONSTRUCT IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER TOC 4a. COMMUNITY FIELDWORK 5. FEEDBACK WORKSHOP KEY STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS 4b. CONSTRUCT COMMUNITY TOC A. B. C. D. BASELINE TOC 3a. IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER INTERVIEW 1. SCREENING / SCOPING 2. INCEPTION WORKSHOP 6. COMMUNICATE LESSONS LEARNED 7. MONITOR & ADAPT

18. Objectives And… gain familiarity with the “focal locality” by beginning to gather contextual information Step 1: Screening & Scoping Objective Implementer / Designer Community Identify Describe Determine willingness to engage Brief on methodology

19. Intended Outputs At the end of Step 1, you should have the following • Understanding of the landscape and context • Implementer / designer(s) identified, fully briefed on FLoD methodology and willing to engage with FLoD • Community identified, fully briefed on FLoD methodology and willing to engage with FLoD • FLoD implementation plan outlining the main stakeholders and steps in the process Step 1: Screening & Scoping

20. Tasks 1. Define the locality for implementation; 2. Assess feasibility; and 3. Undertake a scoping visit. Step 1: Screening & Scoping

21. Task 1. Define the locality Identify and gather context ⎼ Geographical / topographical ⎼ Administrative ⎼ Institutional ⎼ Cultural ⎼ Social Define Community - Existing management unit, e.g. conservancy - Set of villages with shared characteristics - Local community for a project being designed - More complex communities may require sampling approaches to achieve representation

22. Task 2. Assess feasibility Site based criteria Site is clearly defined (area, community, implementer / designer) The community has a role in facilitating or combatting IWT The site is secure enough to undertake fieldwork It is logistically possible for the core team to move around and for key stakeholder group representatives to come together The resources and infrastructure are present for fieldwork, including access to electricity, a room that can be made dark for projection, accommodation and other working conditions for the team Step 1: Screening & Scoping

23. Task 2. Assess feasibility Process based criteria Conditions allow the introduction of an impartial individual, team or institution to implement the FLoD methodology Implementers / designers, key stakeholders, and community members are willing to engage with the core team to participate in the FLoD methodology Implementers / designers and communities are willing to articulate ToCs Implementers / designers are willing to adapt interventions based on lessons emerging from the process There is not a potentially unmanageable risk that by implementing the methodology, you will create conflict with and between stakeholders A skilled local language interpreter is available, independent from the community, local partners or project designers A long-term partner is in place that is willing and able to implement any findings and recommendations from the full FLoD process. There are adequate financial resources to implement the full methodology Step 1: Screening & Scoping

24. Task 3. Scoping visit Briefing meetings • FLoD team and Implementer/Designer • Deepen understanding of FLoD methodology • Gain understanding of institutional relationships, funding & intention of trip • Build understanding of FLoD team on the specifics of areas and communities to be visited • Review and agree logistics and plan for community meeting(s) Step 1: Screening & Scoping

25. Task 3. Scoping visit Community scoping meeting • Explanation of FLoD methodology and purpose of scoping mission • Interactive session on species in trade • Introduction to 4 pathways of ToC • Pathway weighting exercise to get initial perceptions of relative importance of each Step 1: Screening & Scoping

26. Interactive session on species in trade: intended output Natural resource in high-value trade Increasing / Decreasing Legal / Illegal Commercial / Subsistence Sustainable / Unsustainable Internal users / External users Elephant ivory Rhino horn Pangolin scales Sandalwood Shark fins Devil’s claw Etc. Step 1: Screening & Scoping

27. Learning what species are in trade or use… Step 1: Screening & Scoping

28. Group listing of species/by-products in use

29. Support development and implementation of legal & institutional frameworks for effective & fair wildlife protection and management Fight corruption and strengthen governance Better compare & contrast costs & benefits at individual & community levels Build community skills and capacity Exploring the Enabling Actions Step 1: Screening & Scoping

30. Exploring the Four Pathways Step 1: Screening & Scoping

31. A. Increase costs of participating in IWT C. Decrease costs of living with wildlife D. Increase non-wildlife- based livelihoods B. Increase incentives for stewardship Step 1: Screening & Scoping

32. Four Primary Pathways A. Increase costs of participating in IWT C. Decrease costs of living with wildlife D. Increase non-wildlife- based livelihoods B. Increase incentives for stewardship Develop and implement a clear framework for access and benefit sharing from wildlife resources and biodiversity Diversify community livelihood sources through investment in alternative compatible income generating activities to reduce over-reliance on income from tourism Develop + implement a comprehensive incentives package to encourage voluntary conservation Create opportunities for employment + participation for local communities in biodiversity conservation activities + sustainable use Support development and implementatio n of legal & institutional frameworks for effective & fair wildlife protection and management Fight corruption and strengthen governance Build community skills and capacity Develop + implement mgt approaches incl. harnessing traditional knowledge in mitigating HWC Develop + promote alternative consolation programmes to ensure prompt response for loss, injury and damage caused by wildlife Enabling Actions CONTRIBUTIONS FROM FLoD Kenya’sNational WildlifeStrategy2030 (Communityelements) Develop effective governance structures involving communities Transparency and accountability at all levels Increase the extent of land effectively managed by communities for biodiversity conservation Identify capacity needs and priorities to support sustainable wildlife conservation and management at all levels Step 1: Screening & Scoping

33. Stronger and more effective collaboration between well- capacitated community scouts and well-trained formal enforcement agencies Reduced active or tacit community support for poaching / trafficking for IWT Strengthened community action against internal or external poachers / traffickers engaged in IWT Reduced poaching / trafficking for IWT by community A-I A-R A-P E F Formal and traditional disincentive mechanisms are strengthened, socially acceptable, and applied Social norms effectively imposed on individuals engaged in poaching / trafficking for IWT Reduced recruitment of community members by poachers / traffickers engaged in IWT e.g. Strengthen traditional sanctions protecting wild plants & animals e.g. Train & equip community members to act as effective law enforcement partners Reduced poaching / trafficking for IWT by outsiders Step 1: Screening & Scoping

34. Reduced active or tacit community support for poaching / trafficking for IWT Strengthened community action against internal or external poachers / traffickers engaged in IWT Reduced poaching / trafficking for IWT by community E F Reduced recruitment of community members by poachers / traffickers engaged in IWT Reduced poaching / trafficking for IWT by outsiders e.g. Support other activities to generate livelihoods & other benefitsfrom wild plants & animals Communities recognise and access tangible and intangible benefits from wild plants and animals Communities are more empowered to manage and benefit from wild plants and animals B-I B-R B-P Communities value wild plants and animals more as a result of increased benefits e.g. Generate / support paid jobs for local people as community scouts Step 1: Screening & Scoping

35. Reduced active or tacit community support for poaching / trafficking for IWT Strengthened community action against internal or external poachers / traffickers engaged in IWT Reduced poaching / trafficking for IWT by community E F Reduced recruitment of community members by poachers / traffickers engaged in IWT Reduced poaching / trafficking for IWT by outsiders e.g. Support practical approaches to deterring problem animals at the site level Costs to communities imposed by presence of wildlife are reduced Communities can mitigate conflict better Decreased antagonism toward wildlife C-P C-R C-I Step 1: Screening & Scoping

36. Reduced active or tacit community support for poaching / trafficking for IWT Strengthened community action against internal or external poachers / traffickers engaged in IWT Reduced poaching / trafficking for IWT by community E F Reduced recruitment of community members by poachers / traffickers engaged in IWT Reduced poaching / trafficking for IWT by outsiders e.g. Support interventions to generate livelihood options from non-wildlife-based activities Communities have a greater diversity of non- wildlife-based livelihood options D-I Viable non-wildlife-based livelihood strategies in place & generating sufficient income to substitute for poaching income D-R D-P Step 1: Screening & Scoping

37. Step 1: Screening & Scoping

38. Informally Ranking the Four Pathways Step 1: Screening & Scoping

39. Methods & tools Methods Tools Meetings with the prospective implementers/designers;  FLoD introductory presentation (Long or short)  FLoD workshop agenda Sampling to define the locality  FLoD sampling approaches Feasibility analysis for the process and the locality  FLoD feasibility assessment criteria Scoping visit and community scoping meeting.  FLoD introductory presentation (Long or short)  FLoD workshop agenda – scoping meeting  FLoD initial assessment tool for community scoping meeting Step 1: Screening & Scoping

40. Resources required Resource Required Personnel  At least two core team members, one of whom should be an experienced facilitator  Local-language interpreter  Local liaison Materials  Laptop, power, projector, flipcharts, markers, other facilitation materials Time  Meetings with prospective implementers / designers: 1 day per implementer / designer  Site visits: at least 1 day per site  Travel time  Follow up time as needed to design project implementation Step 1: Screening & Scoping

41. Outputs Checklist At the end of Step 1, do you have the following? ✅ Understanding of the landscape and context ✅ Implementer / designer(s) identified, fully briefed on FLoD methodology and willing to engage with FLoD ✅ Community identified, fully briefed on FLoD methodology and willing to engage with FLoD ✅ FLoD implementation plan outlining the main stakeholders and steps in the process Step 1: Screening & Scoping

43. FLoD Methodology Step 2: Inception workshop

44. IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER TOC A. B. C. D. COMMUNITY TOC A. B. C. D. 3b. CONSTRUCT IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER TOC 4a. COMMUNITY FIELDWORK 5. FEEDBACK WORKSHOP KEY STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS 4b. CONSTRUCT COMMUNITY TOC A. B. C. D. BASELINE TOC 3a. IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER INTERVIEW 1. SCREENING / SCOPING 2. INCEPTION WORKSHOP 6. COMMUNICATE LESSONS LEARNED 7. MONITOR & ADAPT

45. Objectives • Agree plan for implementation, including • all logistical details • focus group breakdown • key stakeholders to interview Step 2: Inception Workshop

46. Intended Outputs At the end of Step 2, you should have the following: • FLoD implementation plan • Stakeholder analysis • Focus group breakdown Step 2: Inception Workshop

47. Tasks 1. Conduct an inception workshop Step 2: Inception Workshop

48. Key participants Step 2: Inception Workshop Implementer / Designer CommunityFLoD Team + LOCAL LIAISON

49. Agenda Step 2: Inception Workshop Overview of FLoD methodology Introduction of the locality for implementation and current context Breakdown of focus groups Stakeholder analysis Fieldwork plan and requirements

50. IDENTIFY FOCUS GROUPS e.g. women, men and youth

51. Stakeholder analysis Step 2: Inception Workshop National Regional Local • Knowledge? • Authority? • Influence?

52. Stakeholder analysis Stakeholder information For each stakeholder, mark whether they have knowledge (K), authority (A) or influence (I) on each category Scale Notes Contact name Email/phone Interview location Background, context, data Pathway A Pathway B Pathway C Pathway D National Regional Local Step 2: Inception Workshop Practical information Information on area of ToC

53. Methods & tools Methods Tools Inception workshop Group work  FLoD introductory presentation (Long or short)  FLoD workshop agenda – inception  FLoD stakeholder analysis template Step 2: Inception Workshop

54. Resources required Resource Required Personnel  At least two core team members, one of whom should be an experienced facilitator  Local-language interpreter  Local liaison Materials  Laptop, power, projector, flipcharts, markers, other facilitation materials  Venue of suitable size Time  Workshop: two days, plus preparatory time as needed Step 2: Inception Workshop

55. Outputs Checklist At the end of Step 2, do you have the following? ✅ FLoD implementation plan ✅ Stakeholder analysis ✅ Focus group breakdown Step 2: Inception Workshop

56. Communities Combatting Illegal Wildlife Trade Final Comments or Questions?

Communities Combatting Illegal Wildlife Trade: online learning series for the East African Community region session three

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Communities Combatting Illegal Wildlife Trade: online learning series for the East African Community region session three

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