Challenges of designing pig diets using local feedstuffs for Ugandan subsistence farmers

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Presentation by Natalie Carter, Cate Dewey, Ben Lukuyu, Delia Grace and Kees de Lange at the 34th Annual Centralia Swine Research Update, Kirkton, Ontario, 28 January 2015.

Science

Challenges of designing pig diets
using local feedstuffs for Ugandan
subsistence farmers
Natalie Carter
PhD Candidate University of Guelph
Cate Dewey, Delia Grace, Ben Lukuyu, Kees de Lange
34th Annual Centralia Swine Research Update
Kirkton, Ontario, 28 January 2015

Outline
• Uganda
• Feedstuffs
• Challenges
• Diets
• Trial
• Farmers’ response
Photo: sendacow.org.uk

Photos: doomsteaddiner.org and N. Carter
Dewey et al. 2011

Photo: E. Smith
Housing from local materials

Photo: ILRI
Tethered and tied under a tree

Photos: L. Thomas
4.3km per 12h! 76% of their time
Thomas et al. 2013

Photos: E. Smith
Average daily gain = 130 grams/day
Carter et al. 2013

Fresh feedstuffs
Photos: C. Dewey and N. Carter

Purchased feedstuffs
Photos: C. Dewey and N. Carter

Agricultural co-products
Photo credit: N. Carter
Photos: N. Carter

Kitchen scraps and leftovers
Photos: C. Dewey

Human/pig food/feed competition
Photo: N. Carter

Basic or no transportation
Photos: E. Smith, N. Carter, C. Dewey

Finding a solution
• ADG of local and local x exotic pigs
• Nutrient requirements
• Sample feedstuffs and nutrient analysis
• Seasonal availability and cost per kg
• Least-cost balanced diets
Photos: N. Carter

Local and commercial diets
Photos: N. Carter and E. Smith

Preliminary trial results
• Better suited to bigger pigs
• Commercial>silage>local
Photos: N. Carter

Acknowledgements
Dr. Cate Dewey
Dr. Kees deLange
Dr. Ben Lukuyu and Dr. Delia Grace

References
• Carter, N., Dewey, C., Mutua, F.K., de Lange, C., Grace, D.
(2013): Average daily gain of local pigs on rural and peri-
urban smallholder farms in two districts of western Kenya. Trop.
Anim. Health Prod. 45:1533–1538.
• Dewey, C.E., Wohlegemut, J.M., Levy, M., and Mutua, F.K.
(2011). The impact of political crisis on smallholder pig farmers
in Western Kenya, 2006–2008, Journal of Modern African
Studies, 49,3, 455-473.
• Thomas, L.F., de Glanville, W.A., Cook, A., Fevre, E.M. (2013):
The spatial ecology of free-ranging domestic pigs (Sus scrofa)
in western Kenya. BMC Vet. Res. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-46.

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Challenges of designing pig diets using local feedstuffs for Ugandan subsistence farmers

1. Challenges of designing pig diets using local feedstuffs for Ugandan subsistence farmers Natalie Carter PhD Candidate University of Guelph Cate Dewey, Delia Grace, Ben Lukuyu, Kees de Lange 34th Annual Centralia Swine Research Update Kirkton, Ontario, 28 January 2015

2. Outline • Uganda • Feedstuffs • Challenges • Diets • Trial • Farmers’ response Photo: sendacow.org.uk

3. Photo: N. Carter

4. Map: daneenleidig Photo: N.Carter

5. Photos: N. Carter and ILRI

7. Photos: doomsteaddiner.org and N. Carter Dewey et al. 2011

8. Photo: E. Smith Housing from local materials

9. Photo: ILRI Tethered and tied under a tree

10. Photo: N. Carter Free-range management

11. Photos: L. Thomas 4.3km per 12h! 76% of their time Thomas et al. 2013

12. Photos: E. Smith Average daily gain = 130 grams/day Carter et al. 2013

13. Photo: C. Dewey Village boar

14. Fresh feedstuffs Photos: C. Dewey and N. Carter

15. Purchased feedstuffs Photos: C. Dewey and N. Carter

16. Agricultural co-products Photo credit: N. Carter Photos: N. Carter

17. Kitchen scraps and leftovers Photos: C. Dewey

18. Human/pig food/feed competition Photo: N. Carter

19. Poor roads Photos: F. Mutua

20. Basic or no transportation Photos: E. Smith, N. Carter, C. Dewey

21. Finding a solution • ADG of local and local x exotic pigs • Nutrient requirements • Sample feedstuffs and nutrient analysis • Seasonal availability and cost per kg • Least-cost balanced diets Photos: N. Carter

22. Photo: N. Carter Local diet

23. Local and commercial diets Photos: N. Carter and E. Smith

24. Photos: N. Carter

25. Silage diet Photo: N. Carter

26. Silage diet Photos: N. Carter

27. Photos: N. Carter

28. Photo: N. Carter

29. Photo: N. Carter Silage diet

30. Preliminary trial results • Better suited to bigger pigs • Commercial>silage>local Photos: N. Carter

31. Workshops Photo: N. Carter

32. Workshops Photos: N. Carter

33. Photo: C. Dewey

34. Acknowledgements Dr. Cate Dewey Dr. Kees deLange Dr. Ben Lukuyu and Dr. Delia Grace

35. Questions? Photo: N. Carter

36. References • Carter, N., Dewey, C., Mutua, F.K., de Lange, C., Grace, D. (2013): Average daily gain of local pigs on rural and peri- urban smallholder farms in two districts of western Kenya. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 45:1533–1538. • Dewey, C.E., Wohlegemut, J.M., Levy, M., and Mutua, F.K. (2011). The impact of political crisis on smallholder pig farmers in Western Kenya, 2006–2008, Journal of Modern African Studies, 49,3, 455-473. • Thomas, L.F., de Glanville, W.A., Cook, A., Fevre, E.M. (2013): The spatial ecology of free-ranging domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) in western Kenya. BMC Vet. Res. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-46.

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