1.
From r esearch outputs to development outcomes: Fostering innovation in pastoralist systems Ranjitha Puskur and Alan Duncan International Livestock Research Institute September 2009

2.
Innovation <ul><li>“ a process where knowledge is created and used in new ways, in different contexts, to enhance the livelihoods of livestock-dependant poor ” </li></ul><ul><li>occurs in a system mediated by the actors and their interactions, facilitated (or constrained) by institutions and policies </li></ul>

3.
Innovation capacity <ul><li>As opposed to just productive capacity </li></ul><ul><li>Ability to respond to emerging challenges and opportunities through harnessing available knowledge </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Stimulating actor network formation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Does require a longer timeframe.. </li></ul></ul>

4.
A comprehensive framework for livestock development <ul><li>Feeds </li></ul><ul><li>Breeds </li></ul><ul><li>Services </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Health </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Extension </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Technical </li></ul><ul><li>Institutional </li></ul><ul><li>Organizational </li></ul><ul><li>Policy </li></ul>Equitable HIV/AIDS sensitive

5.
Some glimpses of ILRI’s work <ul><li>Fodder Innovation Project in India & Nigeria </li></ul><ul><ul><li>evolution from technology transfer to experimenting with innovation capacity building, for proactive rather than reactive innovation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>5 sites in 2 countries –different livestock systems context – livestock dependent communities - fodder scarcity a common problem </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>working with a range of implementing partners </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>In each site, action based on context-specific themes ranging from fodder focus to commercialization of smallholder goat farming </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>this led to very context and theme-specific network building process, with different entry points (ranging from forest seeding with fodder species to animal vaccination camps) and different trajectories are beginning to evolve </li></ul></ul>

6.
FIP.. <ul><li>service delivery systems changing </li></ul><ul><li>changing institutional arrangements and policy bottlenecks </li></ul><ul><li>evidence of demand being generated for fodder- breed and other livestock-related knowledge and technologies (interestingly, technologies which were disseminated earlier but with no uptake) – good examples of research being put into use emerging </li></ul><ul><li>institutional arrangements being designed to take care of equity issues </li></ul><ul><li>institutionalizing/mainstreaming approach in their other activities/across organization </li></ul><ul><li>innovation brokerage roles emerging </li></ul><ul><li>unusual partnerships </li></ul><ul><li>Fodder is too narrow a theme for building networks. </li></ul><ul><li>Building networks around livestock value chains and building innovation capacity at that level seems more appropriate. </li></ul>

7.
IPMS and its background.. <ul><li>Government adopted an Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) Strategy – focus on food crops and NRM </li></ul><ul><li>Added market orientation to this.. </li></ul><ul><li>Realised that this needs improvement in productivity and market success of farmers </li></ul><ul><li>Plenty of technologies on shelf which have the potential to contribute to productivity enhancement </li></ul>

8.
Improving Productivity and Market Success <ul><li>A Research for Development project </li></ul><ul><li>Co-innovate new methods and approaches for market oriented interventions with partners </li></ul><ul><li>Develop options in support of GoE’s strategy for agricultural transformation </li></ul><ul><li>Gender and HIV/AIDS – cross-cutting themes </li></ul>

9.
Project approach <ul><li>Takes an Innovation Systems Perspective </li></ul><ul><li>Technologies alone not enough to bring about innovation </li></ul><ul><li>Multiple sources of innovation </li></ul><ul><li>Partnerships are vital for innovation </li></ul><ul><li>Service delivery systems and capacity to innovate are critical in defining the innovation process </li></ul><ul><li>Roles and interactions of diverse agents => Knowledge exchange, technological and institutional change </li></ul><ul><li>Piloting options in an action learning mode </li></ul>

10.
Major elements of the approach Knowledge-based system with linkages between various actors, which is capacitated and responsive to markets Capacity Building Technical, institutional and organizational options Commodity Development Knowledge management

11.
Community-based Tryps control in Ghibe valley <ul><li>A network of actors working together to address problems and innovate through joint solutions </li></ul><ul><li>Enhanced community managed control of cattle Trypanosomosis </li></ul><ul><li>Enhanced local capacity to collaboratively respond to key livestock related challenges and opportunities in the area </li></ul><ul><li>Improved cattle health and productivity </li></ul><ul><li>Testing ABCD and IS approaches </li></ul>

12.
Smallholder dairy systems – East Africa and South Asia <ul><li>Key challenges: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Policies and regulations to support the role of the poor in dairy production and marketing systems </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Increase market success of the poor </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Increase production efficiency and sustainability in households and systems </li></ul></ul>

13.
Smallholder dairy systems – East Africa and South Asia <ul><li>Business/market development </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Link poor livestock producers and feed suppliers to more sophisticated input/output systems for: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Market development/promotion </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Knowledge and innovation </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Input supply </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Disease control/quality assurance </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>“ Hub” model used in project in E.Africa (Heifer, Technoserve, ILRI, ICRAF) </li></ul></ul>

15.
Smallholder dairy systems – East Africa and South Asia <ul><li>Production efficiency </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Feeds </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Better utilization of dual purpose crops and by-products </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>High yielding grasses </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Formulation and supplementation </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Breeds </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Increasing supply of improved animals </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Role for private entrepreneurs </li></ul></ul></ul>

16.
<ul><ul><li>Supportive policies </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>and regulations </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Business/market </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Development </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Production efficiency </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Beyond technology/ </li></ul><ul><li>knowledge generation </li></ul><ul><li>Partnerships </li></ul><ul><li>Capacity to access, </li></ul><ul><li>adapt, use and apply </li></ul><ul><li>knowledge </li></ul><ul><li>Process issues </li></ul>

17.
ILRI’s potential role.. <ul><li>Technical backstopping and knowledge support </li></ul><ul><li>Identify potential technical, institutional (including knowledge management) and organisational options for testing, based on data available/to be generated </li></ul><ul><li>Designing and backstop implementation of an M&E system </li></ul><ul><li>Understanding the innovation processes </li></ul><ul><li>Synthesis of lessons to inform policy and strategies for scaling up/out </li></ul><ul><li>Capacity Building support for Extension (??) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Gender and HIV/AIDS issues integration </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Participatory market-oriented extension </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>FTCs </li></ul></ul>

18.
ILRI is creating and integrating knowledge to enable diverse partners to find innovative solutions to make livestock a sustainable pathway out of poverty