Presented by Lian Thomas at the Kenya One Health Online Conference, 6-8 December 2021

1. Welcome to the Kenya
One Health Conference
8th December 2021
Lian Thomas

2. House Keeping
• Please mute your mics when joining
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• Please contribute your thoughts in the chat
function
• This session is being recorded and
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• Join the conversation online by using
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3. Visit:https://www.slideshare.net/ILRI/documents
Kenya One Health Conference posters

4. Reflective session and
reactions on Menti
Dr Nicholas Bor

5. Thank you

6. Introduction to the
policy and
implementation session
Dr Victor Yamo

7. Brucellosis control among
agro-pastoralists in Tanzania:
How to communicate risks
effectively
Ms. Caroline Mwihaki

9. Thank you

10. Foodborne disease outbreak
in Kericho county
Dr Donald Otieno, County Government Of
Kericho

11. Food Borne Disease Outbreak,
Kericho County, Kenya, August 2021
Donald Okello Otieno
County Government Of Kericho
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12. Background
• Globally, Foodborne diseases are important cause of illness, death, and
impaired socio-economic development (Mehlhorn, 2015)
• There is no sufficient information on the global burden due to FBD
• Bacteria is responsible for 2/3 of human food-borne diseases
• Annually, (CDC) estimates that food borne diseases are responsible for
• 76 million human illnesses
• 325,000 hospitalizations
• 5,000 deaths in the USA (Nyachuba, 2010)
• In Kenya, under reporting, inadequate investigation of disease outbreaks,
and inadequate diagnostic facilities suggests that FBD are more than what’s
recorded by the MOH (Ombui, Kagiko and Arimi, 2001)
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13. Introduction 1/2
• On Monday 23rd August 2021:
⁻ County Disease Surveillance and Response team notified by
hospital clinician
⁻ A total of 35 patients with symptoms of diarrhoea, vomiting
and headache
• A 38 year-old male died while on treatment
• 5 patients were admitted in the hospital
• 29 patients were discharged at outpatient unit
• Same evening, two national media did broadcast on the outbreak
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14. Introduction 2/2
• On Tuesday 24th August
- The department of health constituted an interdisciplinary team to
establish the existence of a possible zoonotic food borne disease
outbreak
- A sick goat had been home slaughtered, and meat sold out locally
• The team included:
- Human Clinical and laboratory staff
- Public health team
- Veterinary public health and livestock disease surveillance
- Regional veterinary investigation laboratory
- Community health workers
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15. Objectives
Main objective
• To describe the food borne disease outbreak and risk
factors
Specific objective
• To determine the magnitude, and characterize the disease
outbreak in person, place and time
• To identify the cause and risk factors for the disease
• To Implement preventive and control measures
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16. Methods
• Outbreak Site: Soliat ward, Soin/Sigowet sub county, Kericho county
• Investigation Period : 23rd to 31st August 2021
• Study design: retrospective cohort epidemiological study
• Case definition: any person of any age who ate the goat meat, slaughtered
on the 20th August 2021, in Soliat ward
• Active case search was done
• Structured questionnaire used to collect data
• Data variables: Case socio-demographic, clinical and exposure factors
• Laboratory: Human samples collected
• Human sample analysis: standard culture and molecular typing for
pathogenic enterics
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17. Data Management
• Data Collected by trained enumerators
• Data entered, cleaned and analysed using Microsoft Excel and Epi
Info
• Continuous data were analyzed by measures of central tendency
and dispersion, reported as mean, median
• Discrete data analyzed by frequency of counts and proportions
and presented in tables and graphs
• Relative risk (RR) computed on variables
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18. Results 1/3 .Descriptive Findings
• A total of 53 cases were line listed
- Median age 27 years (IQR 21.5)
- Females 29 (54.7%)
• Median incubation period 15 hours (IQR 10.5)
• A total of 14 (58%) of symptomatic cases sought medical care within a 1
day(0-1) (n=24)
• Symptoms resolution period median 5.5 days (IQR 3)
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19. 0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
1-5 6-10 11-15 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 61-65
PROPORTION
%
AGE GROUP IN YEARS
proportion of FBD morbidity (age and sex) N=24
Female
Male
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20. Description of Symptoms among Outbreak Cases,
Kericho County, August, 2021 (cases had multiple symptoms) n=24
symptoms cases proportion
Headache 21 87.5%
Fever 19 79.2%
Abdominal pains 18 75.0%
Diarrhea 17 70.8%
Nausea 16 66.6%
Fatigue 15 62.5%
Vomiting 14 58.3%
Dizziness 10 41.6%
Confusion 4 16.7%
Oral lesions 1 4.2%
Sore throat 1 4.2%
General body pains 1 4.2%
Lost appetite 1 4.2%
Skin hyper pigmentation 1 4.2%
N=24
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21. Results 2/3 .Bivariate Analysis
Chi square (2x2 table) bivariate analysis. Disease outcome was determined by
the development of clinical symptoms
Disease outcome 95% CI
Independent
variables category
total no.
n=53 D(+) D(-)
lower
limit
upper
limit
Relative
Risk (RR) P. Value
Gender
male 24 16 8
1.26 4.65 2.41 0.0028
female 29 8 21
residence
kipselton
yes 5 5 0
1.51 3.51 2.3 0.0031
no 48 19 29
eating
roasted meat
yes 14 10 4
1.06 3.48 1.98 0.014
no 39 14 25
eating tripes
(matumbo)
yes 19 12 7
1.01 3.17 1.78 0.0299
no 34 12 22
1/24/2022 Kenya One Health Conference December 6-8 2021 21

22. Results 3/3 .Laboratory Tests
Isolates Samples
tested
Percentage
(%)
Entero-toxigenic E. coli producing (ETEC LT/ST) 2 40
Shiga Toxin Producing E. coli 2 40
Entero-aggragative E. coli 2 40
Salmonella 2 40
Entero-pathogenic E. coli 1 20
Total Human sample 5
1/24/2022 Kenya One Health Conference December 6-8 2021 22

23. Discussion
• The disease outbreak was a bacterial zoonosis caused by:
- Pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella organisms in primary transmission
• Progression of clinical symptoms, incubation periods and, convalescence
periods, were consistent with the isolates clinical presentation
• Children had the greatest burden of clinical disease due to low immunity
• Males and residents of Kipselton village were high disease risk groups, due to
their public health risk behaviors
• People having eaten roasted meat, and tripes, were high disease risk due to
more handling; and high infective dose of pathogens respectively
• Health seeking duration was short due to severity of clinical symptoms
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24. Limitations
• Unavailability of samples from the slaughtered animal limited the
interpretation of our findings
• This was due to evidence (destruction) following apprehension
occasioned by the death of a victim, and
• Subsequent police arrest of the perpetrator;
• Who doubled as a pastor;
• Hence very influential in the community
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25. Public Health Action and the Importance of
Interdisciplinary Team Response
• Detection of the disease out breaks
• Verification of diagnosis and confirmation of disease outbreak
• Case definition and case finding using line lists
• Design of structured questionnaires
• Tabulation and orientation of data in time, place and person
• Formulation and test of hypothesis
• Inter disciplinary epidemiologic consultation
• Implementation control measures
• Communication and dissemination of findings
1/24/2022 Kenya One Health Conference December 6-8 2021 25

26. Conclusion
• Food borne disease outbreak caused by pathogenic E.coli and
salmonella bacteria was rapidly managed showing the importance of
having a coordinated county interdisciplinary One Health team
• Public health risk behaviors in gender, and geographically defined
groups;
• Increased food handling; inadequate cooking time; played a major
role in this food borne disease outbreak
• Children bore the greatest health burden in this disease outbreak
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27. Recommendation
• Continuous public health education on food hygiene practices; and
change of attitudes regarding public health risk behaviors
• Anchoring the County One Health interdisciplinary teams on disease
control policy;
• Thereby giving it a formal institutional platform for efficient
communication, coordination, and leadership
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28. Acknowledgement
• County Government of Kericho
• Department of Health
• Directorate of Veterinary Services
• Walter Reed Project-Medical Research Institute, Kericho
• Regional Veterinary Investigation Laboratory, Kericho
• Kenya One Health Conference 2021
1/24/2022 Kenya One Health Conference December 6-8 2021 28

29. Reference
• Mehlhorn, H. (2015) ‘Food-Borne Disease Burden Epidemiology
Reference Group’, Encyclopedia of Parasitology, pp. 1–1. doi:
10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_3884-1.
• Nyachuba, D. G. (2010) ‘Foodborne illness: Is it on the rise?’, Nutrition
Reviews, 68(5), pp. 257–269. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00286.x.
• Ombui, J. N., Kagiko, M. M. and Arimi, S. M. (2001) ‘Foodborne
diseases in Kenya’, East African Medical Journal, pp. 40–44. doi:
10.4314/eamj.v78i1.9111.
• MacDonald, P.D., 2011. Methods in field epidemiology. Jones &
Bartlett Publishers.
1/24/2022 Kenya One Health Conference December 6-8 2021 29

30. THANK YOU
Key informants interview at Soliat
dispensary grounds
Preparing for environmental sampling at
the household where goat was slaughtered
1/24/2022 Kenya One Health Conference December 6-8 2021 30

31. Thank you

32. Assessing the importance of
Rabies vaccination campaigns
in influencing community
knowledge and prevention of
Rabies in Laikipia, Kenya
Dr Christian Odinga

33. Assessing the importance of rabies vaccination campaigns at
influencing community knowledge and prevention of rabies in
Laikipia, Kenya
Kenya One Health Conference
Christian O. Odinga, Adam W. Ferguson, James M. Hassell, Dishon M.
Muloi, Katherine E. L. Worsley-Tonks
8th December 2021

34. Introduction

35. Introduction
Current Rabies situation
❑Poor surveillance and limited resources
❑World Health Organization target to eliminate
rabies by 2030
❑Collaboration across health sectors and more
vaccination campaigns
Hampson et al., 2015. PLOS NTD; Plan, Strategic. "for the Elimination of Human Rabies in Kenya 2014-2030."

36. The Laikipia Rabies Vaccination Campaign (LRVC)
• Running for 7 Years (2015-2021)
Dishon Muloi: Adam Ferguson; Dedan Ngatia

37. Study objective
• Evaluate the impact of the Laikipia Rabies Vaccination Campaign
(LRVC) on community knowledge about rabies and their attitude
towards dog vaccination and rabies treatment

38. Approach
❑Cross-sectional study
❑March-Sep 2021
❑28 stratified communities
❑Random dog-owning households
❑Semi-structured questionnaires
Methods – Study design Example of questions and answers:

39. Methods – Three outcome variables of interest
Scoring
rabies
knowledge
• Transmission of rabies
• Species affected
• Typical signs in dogs
• Knowledge about fatal nature of rabies
• Knowledge of rabies control in animals
• Knowledge of treatment options in exposed
humans
Treatment
practices
• Human health-seeking behavior
• Wound washing after dog bite
• Urgency of seeking medical treatment after
dog bites
1. Adequate knowledge
about rabies (Yes/No)
3. Dog Vaccination (Yes/No)
2. Adequate treatment
practices (Yes/No)

40. Study participants
279
59%
196
41%
26% No formal
education
40% up to primary
school
34% Secondary
school and above
13-83 Years, 35
Years
0-6 years, 5 years
Years of
vaccination
Key predictor variable of
interest: Vaccination years

41. 40%
60%
Adequate
Inadequate
60% of respondents had
inadequate knowledge
about rabies
37% • Infects animal and humans
24% • Animal reservoir (dog)
2.3% • Other infected mammals
75%
• Rabies is fatal
69%
• Typical sign in dogs
54%
• Transmitted through Bites
Preliminary findings
Number of years LRVC
attended communities
did not significantly
influence rabies
knowledge, but owner
education did

42. Word of mouth was the main source of information
on rabies, and vaccination effort only 5%...
N=477

43. …Respondents informed through word of mouth had inadequate
knowledge about rabies
56%
44%
60%
40%
77%
33%
76%
24%
55%
45%
49%
61%
adequate
inadequate
adequate
inadequate
adequate
inadequate
adequate
inadequate
adequate
inadequate
adequate
inadequate
experience
healthcare
professiona
ls
and
in
trainings
media
school
and
books
vaccination
efforts
word
of
mouth
Word of
mouth
Vaccination
efforts
School and
books
Media
Health
professional
Experience
N=477

44. Dog vaccination
27%
63%
0
100
200
300
400
no yes
N=477
264 (87%) of 302 up
to date
63% of the
respondents had
their dogs
vaccinated against
rabies
Number of years LRVC
attended communities
did not significantly
influence dog
vaccination probability,
but owner education
and knowledge of
rabies did

45. …Reasons for not vaccinating against rabies
14% of respondents
believed their dogs
did not need to be
vaccinated

46. 4% practice wound
hygiene
5% Showed urgency
2% vaccine
95%
5%
0
100
200
300
400
500
Hospital No hospital
N=477
95% of
respondents
would go to
hospital after a
dog bite…
…. But not all will
know how and why
they need to go
Health-seeking behavior

47. Conclusions so far…
Combine vaccination efforts with
education
❑ Involve local elders in the planning process
❑ Carry out Focus Group Discussions and sensitization programs before the
campaign and if an unexpected incidence occurs (e.g., CDV outbreak)
❑ Train local community representatives for constant monitoring of disease
situation (Quick Response Team)
Recommendations:
• Number of vaccination years was not a significant predictor of rabies knowledge and dog
vaccination, but education was
• More efforts needed to improve human health-seeking behavior as a preventive
measure

48. Next steps
• Assess whether education campaign efforts
need to target certain communities more than
others
• Liaise with community representatives to target
education efforts and record dog bite cases
• Estimate rabies burden in Laikipia based on dog
bite data from hospitals
“If everyone else is moving forward together
then success takes care of itself” – Henry
Ford

49. All study participants
Andrea Lesurmat
The LRVC team
Peter Gathura
Philip Kitala
Acknowledgements

50. Thank you

51. Spatial predictive model of
Anthrax across Kenya using a
Bayesian approach
Ms. Valentina Ndolo

53. Thank you

54. National Strategy for
prevention and control of
Anthrax in humans and
animals in Kenya, 2021 – 2036
Dr Augusta Kivunzya

55. Augusta N. Kivunzya
Kenya One Health Conference
6-9 Dec 2021
National Strategy for Prevention and Control of
Anthrax in Humans and Animals in Kenya, 2021-
2036

56. Background
• Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus
anthracis
• In Kenya, anthrax is ranked as priority zoonotic disease
• On average, >10 outbreaks annually in Kenya
• Passive surveillance system – Considered underestimate
• Prevention and Control efforts are currently
uncoordinated at county level
• Going either unreported or detected very late
• Lack of a one health strategy for anthrax prevention
and control
• Noted by OIE PVS - 2018 & WHO JEE- 2017

57. Objective
• Main objective to eliminate
human anthrax and reduce the
incidence of anthrax in animals to
less than 1% of the 2020 baseline
by 2036

58. National Anthrax Prevention and Control Strategy
Road Map
Consultative meeting
• Key stakeholders and experts on
Anthrax prevention and control
• Multi-sectoral
• Multi-disciplinary
• Government and non-state
agencies
• Series of meeting
• To review and validate preliminary
drafts of the strategy

59. The Strategic Framework
• Guiding principles
• Anthrax prevention and control:
• Requires a multi-sectoral & multi-disciplinary collaborative approach
• Effectively reduces negative impact on public health and national
economy
• Involves breaking the cycle of infection
• The community engagement is central in the prevention and control of
Anthrax

60. Thematic areas, Stakeholders and Coordination
Legend:
• Coordination committee
• Ministries County and
Parastatals
• Other Stakeholders
• Thematic Area
Acronyms
NAPCC-National Anthrax Prevention and Control Committee
CZC-County Zoonotic Committee
SCZC-Sub county Zoonotic Committee
CBO-Community Based Organisation
WHO- World Health Organisation
OIE-World Organization for Animal Health
EAC-East Africa Community
FAO-Food Agricultural Organization
AFROHUM- Africa One Health University Network

61. Anthrax Prevention and Control Strategy Pillars
Coordination, Collaboration
and Partnership
Resource
mobilization
Prevention and Control of
Anthrax
Conduct and Promote
Operational and Applied
Research
Risk Communication
Surveillance, Reporting
Systems and Outbreak
Response
Anthrax Diagnostic
Laboratory Capacity

62. Implementation of the Anthrax Elimination Strategy,
2021-2036
• It is a four phases (1- 4)
• Each phase with set of
activities synchronized to
ensure synergy and
leverage
• Disease in animals will be
progressively reduced
• Disease eliminated in
humans

63. Phase 1: Preparatory and Adoption Phase 2021-
2023
Development of guidelines and standard
operating procedures
Information, Education
and Communication
Prevention and Control
Measures
Promote and Co-
ordinate Research
Resource Mapping and Resource
Mobilization
Strengthen surveillance

64. Establishment of Anthrax Prevention and Control Committees
Schematic diagram showing coordination structure of the Anthrax prevention and control
strategy
• Establishment of Anthrax
Prevention and Control
• Various levels
• Drawn various organizations
• To coordinate and oversee
anthrax prevention and control
activities
• Advocacy and resource
mobilization

65. Identification of High Risk and Low Risk Zones
• High risk zones - counties reporting
anthrax outbreaks in both human
and animals in the last 5 years (2014
to 2019)
• Anthrax outbreaks review and risk mapping
data
• Anthrax hot spot-(1-50km radius
from an outbreak site)
• Low risk areas - no reported Anthrax
outbreak in the last 5 years will
Spatial distribution of livestock anthrax outbreaks by counties in
Kenya, 1957 to 2017 (Nderitu et al., 2021

66. Advocacy, communication and social mobilization
Training human &
animal personnel
• Procurement and distribution of vaccines and
lab commodities
• Pre-positioning of the vaccines
• Collating Anthrax outbreak data and feeding to
national anthrax database
• Assessments and economic cost analysis of the
interventions
• Outbreak investigations and response
Impact assessment
Vaccination & Sero-
Surveys
Inter-county & cross-
border engagement
Phase 2: Prioritized Implementation in High Risk Zones, 2024-
2027

67. Indicators to Move From Phase 2 to 3
Livestock
vaccination -3
years
consecutive
High-risk
zones
Vaccination
coverage 80%
Laboratory
confirmation
of 80% of
investigated
anthrax
outbreak
Anthrax
incidence
reduced by
50% in
human and
livestock
of the
baseline
Reduction of
Anthrax cases:
human-
livestock-
wildlife
interface by
50% of the
baseline

68. Phase 3: Implementation of Anthrax Prevention and
Control Strategy in High & Low Risk Areas, 2028-2032
Implementation of the strategy countrywide
• Aim;- sustaining the achievements of stage two
• Apply lessons learnt to the other low risk zones
Review and update of
national anthrax risk map
Advocacy,
communication and
social mobilization
Heightened anthrax
surveillance
Sustaining livestock
vaccinations
Evaluation of effectiveness
of programs/ interventions
Inter-county, regional and
International cross border
engagements

69. Key indicators of success in phase 3
Reduction of Anthrax
cases in humans &
Anthrax incidences in
livestock by 80% of
baseline country wide
Reduction of
Anthrax cases at
human-livestock-
wildlife interface
by 80%
Country wide
vaccination
coverage of 80%
of the
susceptible
animals

70. Phase 4: Elimination of Anthrax in Humans, 2033-2036
Defined by;
Sustained surveillance
in anthrax free areas
Sustained elimination
activities in areas
reporting Anthrax cases
Declared as anthrax
free -Areas that do not
report Anthrax
outbreaks
Sustained surveillance
to detect new case
Zero human Anthrax
cases in two
consecutive years

71. Monitoring and Evaluation
Routine
monitoring,
periodic
assessment
and
evaluation
At all level
Internal monitoring
Measure progress and assess the achievement of the program
in line with the strategy
Led by zoonotic disease unit - Verifiable indicators
External evaluation
Independent
To assess the progress and identify modification

72. Acknowledgement

73. Thank you

74. Reflective session and
reactions on Menti
Dr Nicholas Bor

77. Highlights on ILRI’s
Impact book
Prof Grace Delia

78. 78
• The first evidence-based global estimates of
the many scientific, economic, policy and
capacity development impacts of livestock
research in and for developing countries.
• Four main sections:
• Animal Genetics, Production and Human
Health
• Primary Production
• Tropical Livestock Systems and Policies
• Future of Livestock Research
Edited by John McIntire and Delia Grace
Chapters related to One Health
• Control of Pathogenesis in Animal African Trypanosomiasis:
A search for answers at ILRAD, ILCA and ILRI 1975-2018
• Tsetse and trypanosomiasis control in West Africa, Uganda,
and Ethiopia: ILRI’s role in the field
• Impact assessment of immunology and immunoparasitology
research at ILRAD and ILRI
• Transboundary Animal Diseases
• Zoonoses
• Food Safety and Nutrition

79. The first global syntheses on the impacts of zoonotic diseases, led by ILRI, estimated
that in the least-developed countries, 20% of human sickness and death was due to
zoonoses or diseases that had recently jumped species from animals to people.
Zoonoses sicken several billion people each year and kill millions, mostly in low- and
middle-income countries (this was pre-Covid 19 estimates). The World Bank has
estimated that emerging zoonoses cost around US$7 billion a year.
Some zoonoses are considered neglected, classical or endemic, and others as new or
emerging. Many zoonoses, both neglected and emerging, are food-borne; this chapter
focuses on zoonoses that are not transmitted primarily through food.
‘Zoonotic’ diseases, transmissible between humans and animals, ➤ make up around
60% of all human infectious diseases and 75% of emerging human infectious diseases
Zoonoses research ➤ estimated that diseases transmitted from animals, including
livestock, sicken several billion people each year and kill millions, mostly in lower
income countries
Veterinary and One Health approaches ➤ estimated the burden and risk factors for
neglected as well as emerging zoonoses, identified their drivers and developed
strategies for reducing those risks

80. ‘Is our food safe?’ is a fundamental concern of consumers, especially as populations
urbanize and food systems develop.
Food safety science – drawing on health, agriculture, technology, marketing and
psychology – emerged as a separate discipline in the latter half of the last century.
Food safety is relevant to domestic and international markets and involves private and
public sectors as well as civil society.
Recent evidence suggests that the health burden of food-borne disease (FBD) is
comparable to that of three major diseases – malaria, human immunodeficiency
virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and tuberculosis.
Most of the unsafe food health burden is due to contaminated fresh foods purchased
from informal markets, and livestock products – milk, meat, offal and eggs – are
especially risky.
As our understanding of the importance of FBD, and its complicated links with
livestock development, has increased, so too has research conducted by ILRI and other
research organizations in this area.
Veterinary epidemiologists ➤ elevated the importance of food safety and food safety
science in low-to middle-income countries, where the health burden of food-borne
disease is (shockingly) comparable to that of malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.
Veterinary epidemiologists ➤ determined that the unsafe food health burden in
developing countries is due largely to contaminated fresh foods purchased from
informal markets, with livestock products–milk, meat, offal and eggs–as especially
risky.
Veterinary epidemiologists ➤ focused on food safety in the ‘informal markets’ of
developing countries, becoming the lead researchers globally in this emerging area.

81. 81
ILRI impact book contacts and links
For further information, please contact:
▪ Animal genetics—Steve Kemp: s.kemp@cgiar.org
▪ Feeds and forages—Michael Peters: m.peters@cgiar.org
▪ Climate and rangelands—Polly Ericksen: p.ericksen@cgIar.org
▪ Animal and human health—Hung Nguyen: h.nguyen@cgiar.org
▪ Policies, institutions and livelihoods—Isabelle Baltenweck:
i.baltenweck@cgiar.org
Visit ILRI’s impact book landing page:
https://www.ilri.org/ILRI-research-impact
Download ILRI’s impact book:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/108972
Follow: @ILRI on Twitter
Search: #45YearsOfImpact & #WhyLivestockMatter

82. Thank you

83. Keynote: Experiences and
lessons from development
and implementation of
One Health policies in
Africa
Dr Mark Nanyingi (FAO, University of
Liverpool)

85. Recap on learnings
from the conference
Dr Lian Thomas and Dr Bernard Bett

86. #KOHC2021 Organizing Committee

87. #KOHC2021 Special mention

88. Thank you

89. Panel discussion: How
One Health research can
be translated into policy
and practice in Kenya
Panelists:
Dr Harry Oyas (DVS),
Dr Ngere Philip (MoH),
Dr. John Mumbo (NEMA),
Mr Anthony Odhiambo (CCM) and
Dr Mark Nanyingi (FAO)

90. ONE HEALTH
Implementation, Lessons
learnt, Good practices and
Challenges
Mr Anthony Odhiambo, Comitato
Collaborazione Medica (CCM)

91. 91
ONE HEALTH
Implementation, Lessons
learnt, Good practices and
Challenges

92. OH Milestones
92
CCM promotes the Right to Health for all,
strengthening the national and regional health
systems of the countries where we operate
Tested first One
Medicine project in
2005 by strengthened
existing health services
through introduction new
service provision models
10yrs later, elaborated the
objectives from the lesions
learnt and conducted an
operational research to test
the feasibility, effectiveness
and sustainability of the One
Health approach
Implementation of
evidence-based/
context-specific OH
interventions in the
region

93. OH Intervention
93
ONEHEALTH: Multidisciplinary approachtofosterthehealthand
resilienceofpastoralcommunities innorthernKenya(OHP)
OneHealthforHumans,Environment,AnimalsandLivelihoods
(HEAL)
BuildingDroughtResilienceinIsioloCountythroughSustainable
Livelihoods

94. 94
ONE HEALTH
Multidisciplinary approach to
foster the health and resilience
of pastoral communities in
northern Kenya (OHP)

95. Context Description
95
Drivers and Rationale
Risk of zoonotic diseases spillover
Poor access to animal and human health
services
Financial vulnerabilities (healthcare costs)
Climate change
Water for Animals and Humans
Address illiteracy (adult education)
Animal health services (diseases)
Human health services
Access to livestock markets
Drought and famine
Community needs

96. Context Description
96
Community network

97. OHP Experience/ Achievement
Change In Social Behavior
Increased level of awareness of zoonotic diseases: (54.4%
among interviewees aware of OHP)
Improved Hygiene and sanitation: (Overall, 87.1% boil
water, 92% wash hands before/after touching animal, 63.2%
clean milking equipment using traditional methods)
Improved waste management: (54.7% had a form of latrine
in their household and 55.7% burn waste as a method of
disposal)
Use of veterinary drugs: (54.1% treat their animals with
drugs that they have or buy treatment and 69.3% buy the
drugs from vet shops)
Capacity Building: (One Health training sessions targeting 37
CDRs, 40 CHVs, 258 HHAs,20 traditional/religious leaders)
Active Diseases Surveillance: (239 animal zoonosis
identified-49% Brucellosis, 15% Rabies, 6% Anthrax, and 506
human zoonosis identified- 50% Brucellosis, 9% Rabies, 1%
Kalazar)
Integrated Human and Animal Health Service Outreaches:
(192 missions conducted, 15,539 people and 4,680 animals
reached)
Community-based weather monitoring & DSS: (1 automatic
and 8 manual weather stations installed)
OH Stakeholder Coordination Mechanism: (2 county
technical working groups/ One Health Units established)
Direct Interventions

98. Lesions Learnt
Active stakeholders engagement in designing, planning and
execution; and sometimes delegation to promote a sense of
ownership
Shift from event-based response to establishing patterns of diseases
to inform early preventive interventions like vaccination,
deworming, de-risking etc. This may in the long run prove to be cost
effective and sustainable
Always consider areas with a diverse ethnic, religious, and
social perspectives to ensure for greater impact and outcome
All aspects of the problem (human, animal and
environmental) should be translated to scientific questions
Stakeholder mapping and needs assessment exercise to identify
core focus areas of synergies

99. Good Practices
Building local
capacities to
ensure
sustainability
Context-specific
human and
animal health
services
Robust
surveillance that
informs planning
& decision
Use of locally
relevant
structures as
entry points for
OH
interventions
Locally adapted
infographics for
information
dissemination
Solid
anthropologica
l evidence
Flexible OH
budgets for any
emergency that
may arise

100. Challenges
Lack of animal health historical data to
support in the proper design of animal health
services
High demands and needs to be addressed on
the ground against limited resources
available
Missing stakeholders contribution in the
design and implementation of the mobile unit
delayed integration of services
Covid-19 pandemic had to realign funds for
emergency response and delayed
implementation

101. Acknowledgement

102. Thank you

103. Closing remarks
Dr Jimmy Smith, Director General ILRI

104. END of conference
Thank you for attending