Til the cows come home―A well-worn path or a new trajectory: Exploring why livestock matter in sustainable development
1. ‘til the cows come
home: a well-worn
path or a new
trajectory?
Exploring why livestock
matter in sustainable
development
Shirley Tarawali
Assistant Director General
International Livestock Research Institute
Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security
Edinburgh
19 February 2020
2. 2
Global commodity values: on average animal source
foods, five of the top ten
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
Rice, paddy Meat, pig Milk, whole
fresh cow
Meat, cattle Maize Meat, chicken Wheat Potatoes Eggs, hen, in
shell
Sugarcane
Current million USD
(average annual values 2007-2016; animal source foods: USD 830 billion)
Livestock is 40% of agGDP globally
3. 0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
% growth in demand for livestock products comparing 2005 to 2030
3
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
Estimates of the % growth in demand for animal source foods in different World regions, comparing 2005 and 2030.
Estimates were developed using the IMPACT model, courtesy Dolapo Enahoro, ILRI.
Beef Pork
Poultry Milk
Increases not because of overconsumption!
OECD average 2018 = 69 kg/capita meat
SSA average 2018 = 10 kg/capita meat
4. 4
In reality: the starting point
Proportion of livestock-derived foods produced by small farms in 2010
Source: Options for the Livestock
Sector in Developing and Emerging
Economies to 2030 and Beyond.
World Economic Forum White
Paper January 2019
5. 5
Meeting the demand for animal-source foods in LMICs
Importing livestock
products
Importing livestock
industrial production know-
how
Transforming smallholder
livestock systems
Alt- products?
13. Diverse nutritional status demands diverse solutions
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Hungry Stunted children Obese
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Hungry Stunted children Obese
Lower-income countries
Higher-income countries
% population
Reduce energy
deficiency
Reduce
micro-nutrient
deficiency
Reduce excessive
net energy and
unhealthy diets
15. 15
Big opportunities exist to reduce the threat of pandemic disease
events via livestock interventions
Better animal disease surveillance, ‘One-Health’ and ‘herd health’ could save billions of dollars by
stopping disease outbreaks in animals rather than people
It’s estimated that a global investment of USD25 billion over 10 years in One Health work would
generate benefits worth at least USD125 billion
16. 16
Prosperity
Livestock are fundamental for the
livelihoods of almost one in five people
on the planet and in virtually every
country on earth, for national economic
growth
17. 17
Common destinations, multiple, different pathways
…..efficient, low-carbon, sustainable livestock production that supports rather than harms the
environment…..
…..inclusive, fair, equitable livestock systems……
…..affordable, accessible, balanced, nutritious diets that include the choice of healthy livestock-
derived foods
…..healthy animals, safe food, healthy people….
…..every opportunity for every citizen and every nation to benefit fully from multiple livelihood
and economic dimensions from sustainable livestock…..
Meat: Production from slaughtered animals: all animals of indigenous and foreign origin, slaughtered within the national boundaries.
Indigenous meat: Production from indigenous animals: indigenous animals slaughtered plus the exported live animals of indigenous origin.
FAO. 2011. Mapping supply and demand for animal-source foods to 2030, by T.P. Robinson & F. Pozzi.
Animal Production and Health Working Paper. No. 2. Rome.
IMPACT results generally suggested smaller changes in demand compared to FAO. Among other drivers of the results, the observed differences may be related to the underlying assumptions on how future demand will respond to prices and incomes. FAO projections could for example be assuming big shifts to Chicken Meat consumption (e.g., from pork) as incomes grow in Asia. IMPACT makes the same assumption in terms of direction, but with the expected shifts a bit more dampened.
High income countries include much of Europe. In fact, if one looks at individual European nations in many cases there is a DECLINE in demand (Switzerland for beef (-22%) and pork (-14%) for example)
Figures for meat consumption: https://data.oecd.org/agroutput/meat-consumption.htm
FAO and GDP. 2018. Climate change and the global dairy cattle sector – The role of the dairy sector in a low-carbon future. Rome. 36 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA- 3.0 IGO
https://news.trust.org/item/20180918083629-d2wf0
Data from FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO, “The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018: Building Climate Resilience for Food
Security and Nutrition”, 2018, http://www.fao.org/3/I9553EN/i9553en.pdf; Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd, Global Nutrition Report 2017:
Nourishing the SDGs, 2017, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Report_2017.pdf.
Data extracted from: Robert F. Townsend, Steven Jaffee, Yurie Tanimichi Hoberg, and Aira Htenas, with inputs from Meera Shekar, Zia Hyder,
Madhur Gautam, Holger Kray, Loraine Ronchi, Sarwat Hussain, Leslie Elder, and Gene Moses. Overall guidance was
provided by Juergen Voegele and Ethel Sennhauser (2106) Future of Food: Shaping the Global Food System to Deliver Improved Nutrition and Health. The World Bank Group, USA.
Source: Delia Grace, 2014, ‘The business case for One Health’, Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/ojvr.v81i2.725