2. Solid-state in Chemistry is the study of the structure,
properties and the synthesis of solid materials. It is also
sometimes called as materials chemistry.
crystallography, branch of science that deals with
discerning the arrangement and bonding of atoms in
crystalline solids and with the geometric structure of
crystal lattices
3. 1. Solids
Solids have definite volume, shape, and mass due to the
short distance between the fixed position of particles and
strong interactions between them.
1.1 Characteristics Properties of the Solid State
(i) They have definite mass, volume and shape.
(ii) Intermolecular distances are short.
(iii) Intermolecular forces are strong.
(iv) Their constituent particles (atoms, molecules or ions)
have fixed positions and can only oscillate about their mean
positions.
(v) They are incompressible and rigid.
5. Types of Solid :-
On the basis of the nature of order present in the
arrangement of their constituent particles, Solid or solid state
can be classified as Crystalline and Amorphous.
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose
constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged
in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal
lattice that extends in all directions.
Crystalline solids have a characteristic shape, with the
arrangement of constituent particles of long-range order,
anisotropic in nature and a sharp melting point.
Examples of crystalline solids include salt (sodium chloride),
diamond, and sodium nitrate.
6. An amorphous solid is a substance whose constituent particles
do not possess a regular orderly arrangement e.g. glass,
plastics, rubber, starch, and proteins.
Amorphous or non-crystalline solid
Amorphous solids behave like super cool liquids as the
arrangement of constituent particles has short-range order,
isotropic in nature and no sharp melting point.
