Presentation by CIFOR on their Landscape initiative. This entails the management of trade-offs between conservation and development at the landscape scale.

1. LANDSCAPE INITIATIVES AT CIFOR
Prana Dewi, Bali, 14th May 2009
THINKING beyond the canopy
THINKING beyond the canopy

2. Centre for International Forestry
Research
• One of 15 CGIAR centres
• Headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia and regional
offices in Vietnam, Brazil, Cameroon, Burkina Faso
and Zambia
• Works in more than 30 countries
throughout the tropics
• 50 research staff and around 250 collaborators in
partner organizations, mostly in developing
countries
• Funding from around 40 governments, foundations
& international agencies
THINKING beyond the canopy

3. Where are we working??
Presence
• Places where scientists are based
• Places where research associates are based
THINKING beyond the canopy

4. CIFOR’s [new] purpose
We advance human
wellbeing, environmental
conservation and equity by
conducting research to
inform policies and practices
that affect forests in
developing countries.
THINKING beyond the canopy

5. New 10-year Strategy 2008-2018:
Six Research ‘Domains’
• Domain 1: Climate change mitigation
• Domain 2: Climate change adaptation
• Domain 3: Small-scale/community forestry
• Domain 4: Managing the trade-offs between
conservation and development at the
landscape scale
• Domain 5: Trade and investment
• Domain 6: Sustainable forest management
THINKING beyond the canopy

6. Goal of Domain 4
“CIFOR’s goal [within this domain] is to shift
policy and practice toward conservation and
development approaches at the landscape scale
that are more effective, efficient and equitable in
process and outcome”
THINKING beyond the canopy

7. Research Outputs
• Output 1: Methods for assessing and
monitoring environmental services at
landscape level
• Output 2: Optimizing conservation and
development values within forest landscapes
• Output 3: Improved modalities and approaches
to effectively support conservation in forest
landscapes
THINKING beyond the canopy

8. Why ‘landscapes’?
• Forests support ca. 65% of worlds terrestrial taxa, hence are
important focus for conservation
• Traditional emphasis has been on protected areas & reserves
• However ca. 92% of world’s forests remain OUTSIDE PA’s
• Hence considerable biodiversity in commodity and production
forests
• “Landscape approach” has become increasingly important
THINKING beyond the canopy

9. Core Challenges
• Large body of literature on landscape approaches but
little consensus on applicability
• General principles, guidelines and broad considerations
have been largely missing
• However, need to avoid “one size fits all” approach
• Complex landscapes; complex challenges
THINKING beyond the canopy

10. Landscape Mosaics Project:
Objective and expected outputs
• Integrating Livelihoods and Multiple
Biodiversity Values in Landscape Mosaics
 How to measure and prioritize landscape functions and
“values” in terms of livelihoods, supply of goods (markets)
and services (biodiversity) and governance?
Outputs:
• Tools: SIMPLE (but holistic) sets of tools/principles:
contribution of tree/forest covers to livelihoods, markets
and environmental services (biodiversity) at a landscape
scale; governance and institutions
• Action: Launching/supporting sustainable collaborative
planning processes (recommendations on selected LUP)
• Tools + action: Action research approach…
THINKING beyond the canopy

11. Landscape Mosaics sites
Cameroon Tanzania Madagascar Laos Indonesia
5 sites (and some partner sites)
THINKING beyond the canopy

12. Core challenge: different sites, different
issues, …
THINKING beyond the canopy

13. Pathways for change?
• Livelihoods: What kind of socio-economic or environmental changes have
occurred, and what opportunities and/or threats did these impose?
• Governance: How do current governance arrangements at local and district
levels they influence the ability to reconcile diverse stakeholder interests as
well as livelihoods and biodiversity conservation?
• Payments, rewards for ES (including REDD): What, if any, is the potential
role for conditional incentives to conserve biodiversity and resolve conflicts
between forestry, agroforestry and agricultural land uses?
• Landscape patterns and processes: How does the spatial configuration of
tree cover contribute to the maintenance of tree diversity and useful and
endangered species?
What is the effect of accessibility (physical and institutional) on patterns of
exploitation and the availability of selected resources?
THINKING beyond the canopy

14. Preliminary observations from our sites
• Governance and land use planning remain weak
especially without project-led interventions
• LUP discussions can benefit from simple
collaborative/planning tools (e.g. visioning exercises)
• Still few compensations/incentives for conservation, but
interest in certification and REDD
• Past trends in terms of forest/tree cover: eradication of
forest patches, monocultures preferred to agroforests…
• How to achieve sustainability when donor driven??
THINKING beyond the canopy

15. New project:
Shifting the Landscape Initiative
• Domain 4 target: Large NGOs and
Development agencies
• More and more “landscape approaches” –
e.g. GPFLR… PROFOR, UNFF, etc.
• Is it old wine in new bottles?
• Let’s try to analyse what works, what doesn’t,
and to bring promising tools into a manual
(build on guidelines!)
THINKING beyond the canopy

16. Shifting the Landscape Initiative:
Two key questions
• How does current scholarship on multi-level socio-political
ecological systems relate to the discipline of landscape ecology?
• How can current scholarship on landscapes be transformed so
that it is more relevant for use by practitioners?
THINKING beyond the canopy

17. Objectives
• Develop a network of practitioners and sites in order to
share information and experiences about landscape
approaches and management;
• Conduct a systematic review of landscape approaches in
order to inform best practice methods for future
interventions and form a consensus on the essential
principles and practices that underpin landscape
approaches;
• Find and analyse the linkages between the science and
practice of integrated landscape management; and
• Foster a dialogue about what the minimum scientific
information is required in order to catalyse adaptive
landscape management.
THINKING beyond the canopy

18. 18
THINKING beyond the canopy

19. 19
THINKING beyond the canopy

20. Outputs
• Operational network of practitioners and sites
• Scientific articles and symposia ant
international events and processes: the
identification of research gaps; and,
• Meta-tool and manual (and training) for
practitioners. THINKING beyond the canopy

21. Getting the message out…
THINKING beyond the canopy

22. Partners
• Wageningen Agricultural University
• IUCN
• WWF
• Intercooperation
• The University of Queensland
• ICRAF
Now we just need funding!!!
THINKING beyond the canopy

23. Thank you! www.cifor.cgiar.org
The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
is one of the 15 centres supported by the Consultative
THINKING beyond the canopy
Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) THINKING beyond the canopy