1. Understanding driver interactions
with In-Vehicle Technologies
Recommendations for safer use of systems
Nick Reed (TRL)
INTERACTION Final Event
22 November 2012, Brussels

2. Contents
• Methodology
• Design and Engineering
• Education and Awareness
• Legislation and Enforcement
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 2

3. Contents
• Methodology
• Design and Engineering
• Education and Awareness
• Legislation and Enforcement
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 3

4. Methodology
• Single project with
– Focus group
– Questionnaire
– Naturalistic driving
– Observed driving
• Each provided evidence to support the
results of the other and strengthen the
research
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 4

5. Methodology
• Car types across nations
• Relative resources in set-up/analysis
• Allocation of collection/coding/analysis:
– Retain local data collection
– Recorded data submitted to single partner
– Partner responsible for all coding/analysis
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 5

6. Contents
• Methodology
• Design and Engineering
• Education and Awareness
• Legislation and Enforcement
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 6

7. Design and Engineering
• Standardisation of CC and SL design amongst
car brands and models.
• System functionality should be explained in a
more understandable and user-friendly way.
• Automatic detection of the legal speed limit to
inform CC/SL, possibly linked to NS
• Phase out CC/Standardise ACC?
• [Careful user-centred design is necessary for
reaching this objective]
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 7

8. Design and Engineering
• Clear, rapid (preferably non-visual) feedback
should be provided when speech inputs are
made to IVT
• Intuitive and logical use of IVT to reduce driver
distraction and workload, considering:
– Needs of the ageing population
 Size of displays
 Clarity/type of visual and audio information
 Comprehensibility of information
– Road/environment conditions
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 8

9. Design and Engineering
• Interface improvements for NS:
– Timely provision of guidance information, especially
roundabouts
– In-car volume adaptation
– Reinforce primacy of driving safely
– Whether it is nomadic or not, NS should be located
in a position that allows for an easy, rapid visual
perception of information
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 9

10. Design and Engineering
• Results suggest common user input to NS in
motion
• Systems give guidance on safe usage
• Could consider mandating prevention of
interaction while the vehicle is in motion?
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 10

11. Design and Engineering
• MP regarded as most difficult
• Better/stricter incorporation of handsfree
functionality to prevent the driver from
physically interacting with the MP.
• When receiving or making a phone call while
driving, an automatic message should be sent
to the inbound contact telling them that the
recipient is driving.
• Limit calls based on road/environment
complexity
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 11

12. Contents
• Methodology
• Design and Engineering
• Education and Awareness
• Legislation and Enforcement
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 12

13. Education and Awareness
• Awareness campaigns to highlight
situations in which IVTs should and
should not be used.
– To include suitability in different:
 Speed limit zones
 Traffic environments or driving conditions
(average speed of the traffic flow, traffic density
etc.)
 Weather conditions
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 13

14. Education and Awareness
• Car dealers:
– Responsibility to provide information to
buyers on appropriate use of IVTs
– Is it practical?
 2012 BMW 3-series – Owner’s manual PDF
• 325 × A4 pages (includes 6 pages on CC alone)
– In-built option for ‘user guidance mode’?
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 14

15. Education and Awareness
• The long term effects of the use on driver
behaviour, performance, and traffic
safety should be studied further.
– Need to collect more data to:
 Identify subsets of conditions when IVT use was
problematic
 Provide further evidence of causation
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 15

16. Contents
• Methodology
• Design and Engineering
• Education and Awareness
• Legislation and Enforcement
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 16

17. Legislation and Enforcement
• National/international laws on training,
licensing and use of IVT:
– Driver training to include the use of IVT
– Requires equipped cars to be available
– Allow learner drivers to:
 experience systems through learning process.
 get advice on how to use the systems safely.
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 17

18. Legislation and Enforcement
• Licensing/insurance hierarchy?
– Current:
Train in car Pass test in car Drive any car
without IVT without IVT with/without
(ADAS optional) (ADAS optional) IVT/ADAS

19. Legislation and Enforcement
• Licensing/insurance hierarchy?
– Future?:
– Better fit between training and vehicle
technologies
– …or manage through ‘black box’ insurance?
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 19

20. Legislation and Enforcement
• Greater integration of IVT/ADAS into
EuroNCAP star ratings
– Functionality
– Usability
– Nomadic devices – separate classification
• Must be based on robust research
findings…
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 20

21. Questions?
Final event – November 22, 2012 - Brussels 21