1. Figurative Language * is language that means more than what it says on the surface. *Poets use figurative language almost as frequently as literal language. Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are using figurative language.

2. Literal Language *is language that means exactly what is said.

6. “ The delicate white bird flew gracefully through the blue sky”

7. FIGURES OF SPEECH

8. *Figures of speech are words or phrases that depart from straightforward literal language. *Figures of speech are often used and crafted for emphasis , freshness , expression , or clarity .

10. 1. Simile: a way of describing something by comparing it with something else using "like" or "as"

12. Being stood up is like being the last fruit on the tree, Left to wither through the winter. Feeling angry is like carrying a volcano in the pit of your stomach that threatens to erupt at any moment. The leaves fell from the tree like a thousand paratroopers leaping into battle behind enemy lines.

14. I am hungry as a horse . You run like a rabbit. He is sneaky as a snake. She is happy as a clam.

16. A way of describing something by comparing it to something else

18. The girl was a fish in the water. The clown was a feather floating away.

20. 3.

23. More examples: *The car danced across the icy road. *The angry clouds marched across the sky. *The stars in the clear night sky winked at me. *The tulips nodded their heads in the breeze

24. The flowers danced in the wind. The Earth coughed and choked in all of the pollution. The friendly gates welcomed us.

27. His feet are as big as boats ! =

30. *Brad wore his blue and brown blazer. *Hank held his head high. *Larry loves lemonade and lolly pops. *Six swans went swimming in the sea.

31. Stan the strong surfer saved several swimmers on Saturday. Tiny Tommy Thomson takes toy trucks to Timmy’s on Tuesday.

32. 6. Assonance: The repetition of internal vowel sounds. Doesn't have to rhyme!!

33. The repetition of accented vowel sounds in a series of words. (i.e. Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese.) (i.e. "He hadn't faught at all" by Elizabeth Bishop)

34. 7. Onomatopoeia: Sounds that suggest meaning

36. (on- uh -mat- uh - pee - uh) An onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it represents. The chiming of the bells… The boom of the explosion…

37. Other examples include: screech, whirr, sizzle, crunch, bang, pow, zap, roar, growl, click, snap, crackle, and pop.

38. Princess Kitty will kiss Timmy T. Tippers’s lips The pain may drain Drake, but maybe the weight is fake.

39. Chug chug chug!! Swish swish swish Yeeeeee Ahhhhhhhh Glippp Gluppp Gluppp

42. My backpack weighs a ton. The wolf was 100 feet high. You could have knocked me over with a feather.

43. “ Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the shot heard around the world.” ~Ralph Waldo Emerson

46. What a brilliant remark that was, it made no sense. How good of you to refuse to help us .

47. 10.

48. * is a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole , the whole for a part , the genus for the species, the species for the genus , the material for the thing made , or in short, any portion, section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself (or vice versa).

53. A possible problem can arise with the genus-for-species substitution because the movement is from more specific to more general; this can result in vagueness and loss of information. Note that in the example above some additional contextual information will be needed to clarify that "weapon" means "harpoon" in this case, rather than, say, "dagger" or something else. The same is true for the animal-for-dog substitution.

56. is a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms. 11.

57. *is a paradox reduced to two words, usually in an adjective-noun ("eloquent silence") or adverb-adjective ("inertly strong") relationship, and is used for effect, complexity, emphasis, or wit:

58. Dark light Living dead New Classic Old News Open secret ( supposedly a secret but it has leaked ) Vintage Modern Some paradoxical oxymorons become clichés : Irregular pattern Bitter sweet Deafening silence Forward retreat Noisy silence Quiet riot Serious joke Silent Scream Sweet sorrow

60. One case where many oxymorons are strung together can be found in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet , where Romeo declares: " O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!"

64. *is another form of metaphor, very similar to synecdoche (and, in fact, some rhetoricians do not distinguish between the two), in which the thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely associated with (but not an actual part of) the subject with which it is to be compared.

67. Serve the Lord with gladness: come before his presence with singing. --Psalm 100:1-2 (KJV) The use of a particular metonymy makes a comment about the idea for which it has been substituted, and thereby helps to define that idea. Note how much more vivid "in the sweat of thy face" is in the third example above than "by labor" would have been. And in the fourth example , "mercury rising" has a more graphic, physical, and pictorial effect than would "temperature increasing." Attune yourself to such subtleties of language, and study the effects of connotation, suggestion, substitution, and metaphor.

68. A form of personification in which the absent or dead or the inanimate are spoken to as if present. These are all addressed directly. (i.e. Anothony adresses Ceasar's corpse after his assasination "O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth")

71. (The best sources for allusions are literature, history, Greek myth, and the Bible.) *is a short, informal reference to a famous person or event :

74. A paradox is a seemingly true statement or group of statements that lead to a contradiction or a situation which seems to defy logic or intuition .

75. TEST YOURSELF

76. 1. He clattered and clanged as he washed the dishes.

77. 2. “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.” ~Mother Goose

78. 3. I’ve heard that joke a billion times, but it still cracks me up!

79. 4. The glass vase is as fragile as a child’s sandcastle.

80. 5. The buzzing bee startled me!

81. 6. She looked at him with fire in her eyes.

82. 7. “Don’t delay dawn’s disarming display. Dusk demands daylight.” From “Dewdrops Dancing Down Daises”

83. 8.The river falls under us like a trap door.

84. Bang! The starter’s gun— thin raindrops sprint. Dorthi Charles Knock at a Star 9. Which figure of speech is highlighted in the above poem?

85. “ The Wind” The wind stood up , and gave a shout ; He whistled on his fingers, and Kicked the withered leaves about, And thumped the branches with his hand, And said he’ll kill, and kill, and kill; And so he will! And so he will! James Stephens Knock at a Star 10.What figure of speech is highlighted in the above poem?

86. “ Dreams” Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a brokenwinged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow. Langston Hughes The Dream Keeper and Other Poems 11.What figure of speech is used in the above poem?

87. “ A Pizza the Size of the Sun” I’m making a pizza the size of the sun, a pizza that’s sure to weigh more than a ton, a pizza too massive to pick up and toss, a pizza resplendent with oceans of sauce. I’m topping my pizza with mountains of cheese, with acres of peppers, pimentos, and peas, with mushrooms, tomatoes, and sausage galore, with every last olive they had at the store. My pizza is sure to be one of a kind, my pizza will leave other pizzas behind, my pizza will be a delectable treat that all who love pizza are welcome to eat. The oven is hot, I believe it will take a year and a half for my pizza to bake. I hardly can wait till my pizza is done, my wonderful pizza is the size of the sun. Jack Pretulsky A Pizza the Size of the Sun 12.What figure of speech is used in the above poem?

88. 13. “The US economy is improving. The country is becoming an industrial tiger.” What figure of speech was used? A. Personification B. Metaphor C. Hyperbole D. Onomatopoeia

89. 14. “During sunrise, the sun kisses us with its warm rays." What figure of speech was used? A. Hyperbole B. Irony C. Simile D. Personification

90. 15. "The story of Evita Peron caught the attention of moviegoers.” The figure of speech used was personification. What is personification? A. reference to a famous historical figure B. directly compared to something without “like” and “as” C. give life to inanimate object or non-living things D. a person being compared to a thing

91. 16.“She sings beautifully. She has the voice of Celine Dion." What figure of speech was used? A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Metonymy D. Irony

92. 17. “The Argentineans roared whenever they hear Evita speak.” The figure of speech used is onomatopoeia. What is onomatopoeia? A. to affirm the opposite B. imitation of the sound C. intentional exaggeration D. applying to similar situation

93. 18. “Their farm has a beautiful atmosphere. Every morning you will be awakened by the mooing of the cow and the crowing of rooster.” What figure of speech was used? A. Hyperbole B. Personification C. Metaphor D. Onomatopoeia

94. 19. Simile is a figure of speech. What is a simile? A. act of saying the opposite of the truth B. a person being compared to a thing C. to emphasize the word D. reference to a famous historical figure

95. 20.“Romeo and Juliet is a story that speaks of a bitter sweet love.” What figure of speech was used? A. Oxymoron B. Synecdoche C. Hyperbole D. Allusion

96. 21. Irony is a figure of speech. What do you mean by irony? A. the act of saying the opposite of the truth B. person being compared to a thing C. directly compared to something D. overstatement of the sentence

97. 22. “The mother is the light of the family and the father is the post.” What figure of speech was used in the underlined word? A. Oxymoron B. Metaphor C. Allusion D. Metonymy

98. 23. "The Filipinos need to be eagles in industry." What figure of speech was used? A. Personification B. Simile C. Hyperbole D. Metaphor

99. 24. Oxymoron is a figure of speech. What is an oxymoron? A. used by writers to beautify their composition B. used by writers to beautify their composition C. using statement that seemed to be false at first reading but true on closer scrutiny D. using the name of a popular person or place in lieu of another

100. 25. My rancher uncle bought 50 head of cattle last week.' A. Oxymoron B. Personification C. Synecdoche D. Allusion

101. 27. She was a Scrooge when it comes to parting with her hard earned money. A. Irony B. Allusion C. Hyperbole D. Personification