Bangladesh DRR concept Evolving Paradigms of DM Actions and Strategies on DRR Working with Community Gaps, Concerns, Limitations & Challenges Learning and Observation Step Forward DP ?New generation DRR Practitioner GANDHI? Conclusion Bangladesh: B-Bay of Bengal A- Agriculture N-NGOs G-Garments and GB L-Land of Rivers A-Adaptability D-Disasters, DM, Democracy E-Emergency S-SAARC H-High: Population growth, Vulnerabilities

1. Interactions with the future DRMP

3.  Bangladesh
 DRR concept ?
 Evolving Paradigms of DM
 Actions and Strategies on DRR
 Working with Community
 Gaps, Concerns ,Limitations & Challenges
 Learning and Observation
 Step Forward
 DP ?New generation DRR Practitioner
 GANDHI? Conclusion

5.  B-Bay of Bengal
 A- Agriculture
 N-NGOs
 G-Garments and GB
 L-Land of Rivers
 A-Adaptability
 D-Disasters, DM, Democracy
 E-Emergency
 S-SAARC
 H-High: Population growth, Vulnerabilities
 Tin Da

7. Ashar, Borsha Mongol, Asmani, Choto Nodi etc
The Angry Water
water flares up
disaster looms now
a city sinks

9. •Intensity and frequency of Disasters are
increasing
•Economic losses about USD 200 m. (Flood2004)
and 29.6 m(only Roads, Embankments-Sidr).
• Poverty Reduction
•Protect Development Gain. Investments in
development have been wiped away by disasters.
• Disaster risk reduction is increasingly recognized
as a major factor in achieving sustainable devt.
Why Disaster Risk
Reduction???

10.  A comprehensive approach to reduce
disaster risks is set out in the United
Nations-endorsed Hyogo Framework for
Action, adopted in 2005.
 The HFA is a global blueprint for disaster
risk reduction efforts

11. •It’s goal is to substantially reduce
disaster losses by 2015 - in lives, and in
the social, economic, and environmental
assets of communities and countries.
•The Framework offers guiding
principles, priorities for action, and
practical means for achieving disaster
resilience for vulnerable communities
DRR- Background and Concept, Cont.

12. DRR:
The reduction of disaster risks and
adverse impacts of natural hazards,
through systematic efforts to analyse and
manage the causes of disasters, including
through avoidance of hazards, reduced
social and economic vulnerability to
hazards, and improved preparedness for
adverse events.
DRR- Background and Concept, Cont.

13. Five priorities for action (HFA)
1. Necessary institutional basis for
implementing disaster risk reduction
2. Risk assessment and early warning
3. Knowledge, innovation and education
4. Reduction of the underlying risk
factors
5. Preparedness for response
DRR- Background and Concept, Cont.

14. Risk :
The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status,
livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur to a
particular community or society over some specified
future time period, caused by a natural event or a
technical failure.
Disaster
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community
or a society involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.

15. Vulnerability
The characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
Hazard
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage,
loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage

16. The 70’s: response oriented, formation of early warning and very basic
preparedness;
 1970- cyclone Gorky, 300,000 killed
 1972- Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) established, wireless
network created
 The 80’s: and 90’s: emergence of the DM approach;
 1987/88- huge flood, FAP (11) formulated: establishment of a special unit
to plan and coordinate disaster-related activities
 1991- cyclone, 138,800 killed, shifting from reactive response to disaster
risk reduction,
 1993- constitution of the Disaster Management Bureau (DMB)
 1997- drafting of the Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD)
1998- elongated flood

17. The 2000’s: consolidation towards a
comprehensive system.
◦2000- Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP)
formulated and launched in 2004
◦2005- Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MoFDM) re-
established, GoB’s new Disaster Management vision
◦2006- Revised MoFDM- Allocation of Business
◦2010- Codified formal DM System : revised SOD, National Plan for
Disaster Management (NPDM) – renewed momentum for DM
Policy and DM Act
◦2012 DM Act Finalized , Formed DDM& R, MoDMR
◦2015 SENDAI Frame work.

18. Expected outcome (over the next 15 years):
The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses
in lives, livelihoods and health and in
the economic, physical, social, cultural and
environmental assets of persons, businesses,
communities and countries.

19. Goal :
Prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk
through the implementation of integrated and
inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health,
cultural, educational, environmental, technological,
political and institutional measures that prevent and
reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to
disaster, increase preparedness for response and
recovery, and thus strengthen resilience.

20.  Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk.
 Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk
governance to manage disaster risk.
 Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for
resilience.
 Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for
effective response and to “Build Back Better” in
recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

21. Key Institutions/Duty bearers for DM
1. DDM
2. CDMP
3. Water Resources
Planning
Organizations
4. Specialized NGOs
5. Public training
institutes BARD, RDA,
BPATC, NILG, AFD
etc
6. DU and other pub. Uni
7. Mainstreaming 12/13
Ministries?
1. Bangladesh Met
Department (BMD)
2. Bangladesh Water
Development Board
(BWDB)
3. Flood Forecasting
and Warning
Center (FFWC)
4. Institute of Water
Modeling (IWM)
5. SPARSO
6. CEGIS
7. Soil Resource
Development
Institute (SRDI)
8. BUET and other
universities
1. MoDM
2. Armed Forces
3. DDM
4. Fire Services and Civil
Defense Department
5. Bangladesh Ansar and
Village Defense Force
6. Bangladesh Red Crescent
Society (BDRCS)
7. Cyclone Preparedness
Programme (CPP)
8. NGOs
9. LGs and other local actors
Technical
Monitoring
Capacity
Building
Preparedness &
Response

22.  DM Act 2012;Strengthening the MoDMR
 National Disaster Management Plan
 Standing Orders on Disaster, Building
code
 Committees at different Level
 Corporate Plan of MoFDM
 CDMP, BCCSAP,
 DM Policy (Lagatar draft)

23. Early Warning
 CPP-Cyclone Preparedness Programme in
Coastal area ;43,000 Trained Volunteers
 FFWC-Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre
,66 monitoring stations, Regional and
International network
 Seismic centres (How many and Whr?)
 Metrological Department and ?
 Media

24. Reducing Risk factors
 Multi purpose Cyclone Shelters
 Flood Shelters
 Raised Homestead and Plinth level
 Drought Resistant Crop .BRRI 43
 Saline tolerant Rice Variety.BRRI41,47.
 Early Maturing Rice Variety BRRI 45
 Mass Awareness and Education
 Coastal Greenbelt
 Food security particularly for vulnerable communities
 Structural measures>Embankments 5695kms,
 Community initiatives/organizations. NGOs
 Roads & Communications
 Preparedness for Emer. Response Management

29.  Knowing, understanding,analysing and learning
from community
 Vulnerability & Capability Assessment
 Forming/strengthening people’s/self-help
organization
 Participatory Disaster Risk Management
Planning
 Engagement of key actors in Prog. Management
 Uphold organizational Mandate and peoples
right
 Share previous learnings,new knowledge and
avoid NGP(?)
 Dealings with local leaders/influenciers(+-)

30.  Lack of understanding of existing
orders/regulations at local govt. level and
resourcing to implement these efficiently.
 Harmonization of different DRR approaches
and standardizations of guidelines
 Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
across agencies /sectors/departments

31. •Lack of coordination towards a common
national goal
•Community empowerment
•Many of the plans at national and local
level have been developed as a part of
larger international and regional initiatives
Gaps, Concerns and Limitations

32.  Limited participation of Vulnerable people and
non-state actors in the planning and decision
making process resulted in limited ownership and
too many directions
 Lack of initiative to scaling-up of good
approaches
 Decentralization and devolution of power and
resources up to the local government level to
implement the local plans
 Perspective (response led), leadership and
commitment of the key officials and politicians
on disaster reduction,
 Lack of pro-poor Governance: Fund allocation
and effective utilization, Accountability
Gaps, Concerns and Limitations

33.  Disaster prone infrastructures and its management
 Ownership and pro-people initiatives
 Population growth and pressure
 Systematic approach and Durability
 Social Vulnerability :Poverty, Gender Inequality, Gaps
 Political commitment/decision/representation
 Governance> Working in democratic atmosphere ,
 Resource and its Utilization, Capacity of LG
 Strengthening Collaborative work of DRR and CCA box

34.  Lack of Community Ownership of PVCA
creates 'shelve based DRR’. Simple Analysis
of vulnerability and capacity could bring
better result if community is in centre and
supported by duty bearers and policy.
 Long term DRR programme with
comprehensive analysis could reduce risk and
improve livelihood status of most vulnerable
community.

35. Mainstreaming DRR needs commitment across
the organizations/departments with proper
resources and culture
Community participation with authority back
up could make programmes implementation
easier and sustainable.
Market based livelihood initiatives for
Vulnerable community is must
Common/minimum understanding on DRR
and CCA
Observations and Learnings

36.  Development programmes should consider
capacity building of communities to cope with
disasters and climate changes
 Gender sensitivity should be built into the
programme and management
 Emergency humanitarian programmes should
consider longer-term strategies so as to build
capacity of vulnerable communities to move into
a development mode
Observations and Learnings

37.  Research, Piloting and innovations on DRR/CCA
 Political Commitment, Effective Policy and
Implementation
 Invest in capacity building of different actors
 Consider SDGs, country plans and Coordination
 Reinforcing mainstreaming DRR and CCA
 Avoid maladaptation and unsustainable DRR.
 SENDAI Approach and Targets
 Cross Validation and Cost effectiveness
 Adjustment with Middle Income Awaz
 Urban DRM

38.  Support field officials for quick service
delivery
 Strengthen global negotiation, regional
cooperation and networking, and Coordination
 Stop NGP and Uphold peoples rights &
perceptions
 Emphasis on `everybody's bussiness`not
on ...........?

40.  D-Determination
 E-Empowerment focus
 E- Energy and Education
 P-Policy, Practices and Participation
 I-Intelligence, Innov. and Inclusiveness
 K-Knowing People and Surroundings
 A-Accountability and Advance step

41. G-Governance
 Good Practice and Standard (Action,Coord.)
 Global linkage and dimensions; Negotiations
 Grassroots (Empowerment, Constitutions,SDG?)
A-Analysis(HVC>Hazard,Vulnerability,Capacity)
N-Neo(Ideas, Knowledge,Skill) and Nicety
D-Durability and `Do no harm`
H-Human Induced matters
I-Integration,Investment and Inclusiveness

42.  Thank you very much