5. True
experime
nt
1-pre/post test
control group
2- solomon four
group
3-two group
random sample
4-matching sample
Factorial
Quasi
experime
nt
1- one group
pre/post test
2- non-randomized
control group
3- counter balanced
4- time series
5- control group
time
Non
Experiment
1-correlation designs
2-descriptive
3- time perspective
4- retrospective
5- prospective
6-design that uses
existing data
7- focus group
Experiment
10. Qualitative (inductive method; incorporates values
and perspectives of both researcher and participants).
Quantitative (deductive – reasoning from general
theories to specific instances. Researchers are
supposed to be objective.)
11. Have at least two variables
Is used to prove or disprove whether there is a causal
relationship between two variables.
Can be expressed as a prediction or an expected future
outcome.
Is logically linked to a research question or theory.
12. Null hypotheses (no relationship between two
variables).
Nondirectional hypotheses (we don’t know or
won’t speculate about the direction of the
relationship between two variables).
Directional hypotheses. We state the direction of
the relationship between two variables.
13. How the value of one variable changes in relation
to another.
May be either positive, negative, or the two
variables may not have any relationship to one
another.
Are not necessarily correlations. The type of
relationship or association among variables is
determined by the level of measurement of
each of the two variables.
15. Null: There will be no difference in scores on
Hudson’s self-esteem scale between men and
women.
Directional: Women will have higher scores than
men on Hudson’s self-esteem scale.
Nondirectional: There will be a difference by
gender in Hudson’s self-esteem scale scores.
16. Can specify one or more variables.
We don’t know enough to specify the direction of
the relationship among the variables.
We may simply wish to describe who participants
in a study and how they act, believe, perceive the
world, or look.
We use a research question rather than a
hypothesis.
17. What percentage of participants in this study are
women?
What is the clients’ degree of satisfaction with the
services provided by the Fresno Social Service
Agency?
Do men or women score higher on the graduate
record exam?
What percentage of people living in Census Track
200 have incomes below the poverty line?
What candidate are California voters most likely
to support for president?
18. Involves interpretation of a situation, set of
behaviors, or a setting.
Analysis must take place within a context –
different findings may accrue in different settings
or situations.
Different researchers may view the same situation
and obtain different results.
Assumes there is no one right or wrong answer.
Comes from a particular set of assumptions or
theories about how research should take place.
20. Advocacy of feminist values.
Rejections of theories developed by traditional
(white,male) researchers.
Rejection of sexism in assumptions, concepts, and research
questions.
Creation of a personal relationship between the researcher
and participants.
Sensitivity to how gender and power relationships affect all
social life.
Incorporates both the researcher’s and participants feelings
and perceptions.
Action-oriented or applied research. For example: the
purpose of a feminist research study is to reduce sexism.
21. Usually focus on one concept or idea.
Generally don’t make comparisons among groups.
Can be based on hunches or personal experience.
Usually pertain to the actions or perceptions of
participants.
22. How do members of the Hmong community
experience grief?
How do Latinos in rural communities perceive their
ability to obtain public social services?
How do Vietnamese women view domestic violence?
Why do teenagers join street gains?
23. Quantitative research focuses on causal relationships
and their impact (outcomes). They also answer “what”
questions.
Descriptive research answers “what” and “who”
questions.
Qualitative research answers “how” and “why”
questions or process.
24. Personal experience.
Whether you want to evaluate the effectiveness of an
intervention or understand how or why it works
Curiosity about something in the media.
State of knowledge in the field
Solving a problem.
Hot topics under discussion
Personal values
Everyday life.
Gaps in the research and theoretical literature.
25. Examine the literature. You can repeat a previous
study, explore unexpected findings from previous
studies. Follow author suggestions for future
research, extend a theory to a new topic.
Talk over ideas with others.
Apply research to a specific demographic group.
Define the aim or desired outcome of the study.
26. Quantitative Qualitative
Tests hypotheses Research questions; Discovers meaning once the
researcher becomes immersed in data.
Concepts are in the form of
measurable variables
Concepts are often only measurable in that they are
ideas that can be substantiated by observation or
interviews
Measures are created before data
collection and are standardized
Measures are created in an ad hoc manner and are
often specific to the setting or the researcher.
Data are in the form of numbers
from precise measurement
Data are in the form of words and images from
documents, observations, and transcripts.
Procedures are standard. It’s
assumed that the study will be
repeated.
Research procedures are specific to the setting or
participants and probably can not be replicated.
Analysis uses statistics, tables, and
charts and discusses how what they
show relates to the hypothesis.
Analysis involves extracting themes from evidence
and organizing data into themes and categories to
present a coherent, consistent picture.
