The document discusses environmental awareness and protection in the Philippines. It provides an overview of environmental education and its importance. It describes the current environmental situation in the Philippines, including the effects of a growing population and environmental degradation. The document outlines learning objectives, concepts of environmental education, related laws, and ways individuals can help address issues like solid waste management and climate change through practices like reduce, reuse, recycle.
2. OVERVIEW
Environment Education is a process which is very useful to human beings
in order to manage well their environment and instill the right behavior that
serves as key to sustainable development.
This module discusses the current environmental situation in the
Philippines. It describes the environmental pressures brought about by a
rapidly increasing Filipino population. As you realize the stressful effects of
peopleโs environment, we hope that you will also realize that environmental
degradation has become a major social concern. Likewise, we hope that such
realization will help you to be more aware of our responsibilities in
protecting and enhancing the Philippine environment. And that with such
new awareness, is the emergence of another Filipino youth who is committed
to take an active stewardship role in โsaving the present for the future.โ
3. ๏ LEARNING OBJECTIVES
๏At the end of this modular unit, students are expected to:
1) Understand and verbalize concepts and principles of environmental
education;
2) Value the importance of Environment Education as a way of developing
the youth to be good citizens; and
3) Awareness on ecological solid management and identity the effect of
climate change and air pollution.
4. BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS GOVERNING
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Environmental Education;
โข organized efforts to teach about how natural environments function
โข how human beings can manage their behavior and ecosystems in order to live
sustainably
โข used to imply education within the school system, from primary to post-secondary
โข sometimes used more broadly to include all efforts to educate the public and other
audiences, including print materials, websites, media campaigns, etc.
โข is learning process that increases peopleโs knowledge and awareness about the
environment and associated challenges, develops the necessary skills and expertise
to address the challenges, and fosters attitudes, motivations, and commitments to
make informed decisions and take responsible action (UNESCO, Tbilisi
Declaration, 1978).
5. IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENT
EDUCATION
1. All major natural resources in the country are in grave danger of irreparable damage.
2. A society cannot survive if its natural resources are rendered unfit for use by its people.
3. The only hope of salvaging this grave situation is by making the young aware that they need to
proactively begin to protect the environment they will inherit.
4. Science and technology can help in a limited way but cannot deliver it.
5. It is moral and ethical education for changing peopleโs attitude.
6. To protect children living in polluted regions, environmental education represents a relevant means
of prevention.
7. It is a need of the time to propose environmental education delivered with moral concept.
8. It is conceived to sustain participation of the citizens especially the youth particularly in combating
ill effects of climate change.
7. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9512
๏ An act to promote environmental awareness through environmental education and for other
purposes
๏ This Act is known as the โNational Environmental Awareness and Education Act of
2008โ.
Specifically, Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy states that:
Consistent with the policy of the State to protect and advance the right of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature, and in
recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation building and the role of education to foster
patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and
development, the state shall promote national awareness on the role of natural resources in
economic growth and the importance of environmental conservation and ecological balance
towards sustained national development.
8. REPUBLIC ACT 9003: JANUARY 26, 2001
This is an act providing for an ecological solid waste
management program, creating the necessary institutional
mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited
and providing penalties, appropriating funds thereof, and for
other purposes.
9. REPUBLIC ACT 9275: MARCH 22, 2004
๏ An act providing for a comprehensive water quality
management and for other purposes
๏ SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. โ The state shall pursue a
policy of economic growth in a manner consistent with the
protection, preservation and revival of the quality of our fresh,
brackish and marine waters.
10. REPUBLIC ACT 8749: JUNE 23, 1999
๏ โPhilippines Clean Air Act of 1999โ an act providing for a
comprehensive air pollution control policy and for other purposes.
REPUBLIC ACT 9147
๏An act providing for the conservation and protection of wildlife
resources and their habitats, appropriating funds therefor and for
other purposes.
11. REPUBLIC ACT 9175
๏An act regulating the ownership, possession, sale, importation
and use of chainsaws, penalizing violations thereof and for other
purposes.
CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. 33
SERIES OF 2009
๏Subject: Integration of Environmental Education in the Tertiary
Education Curriculum particularly the Civic Welfare Training
Service Component of the National Service Training Program.
12. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Biodegradable. Any material that can be broken down by naturally
occurring organisms such as bacteria and fungi in air, water and soil
2. Composting. Biological degradation under controlled conditions
3. Domestic Waste. Refuse from households, as distinguished from
industrial waste, hospital waste, etc, which maybe classified as a
biodegradable or non-biodegradable
4. Food Materials. Includes certain kind of seeds, pulp, peelings,
pickles, sweets or snacks
5. Hazardous Waste. Special types of waste containing the chemical
biological and radioactive elements which are harmful to human
health
13. DEFINITION OF TERMS
6. Incineration. The controlled process by which combustible materials are
burned and changed into gases and residues that contain little or no
combustible materials
7. Non-biodegradable. Any material that cannot be degraded or decomposed by
naturally occurring organisms such as bacteria and fungi in air, water and soil
8. Putrescible. A substance that decomposes at certain temperature in contact
with air and moisture; generally containing nitrogen
9. Recycling. The re-use, retrieval, recommission of element/ matter for any and
all purposes necessary to healthful and productive living; the process by
which waste materials are transformed into new products in such a manner
that the original products may lose their identity
10. Solid Waste. Include anything thrown away such as garbage, rubbish, trash,
litter, junk and refuse of any source
15. The key to understanding the environmental problems that we
encounter today is to learn about our ecosystem. This section
highlights the basic environmental principles, varied types of
ecosystem, current environmental issues, anthropogenic activities
that threaten the environment and the role of youth in protecting
our environment.
16. 1. Nature knows best.
2. All forms of life are important.
3. Everything is connected to everything else.
4. Everything changes.
5. Everything must go somewhere
6. Our is a finite earth.
7. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of Godโs creation.
THE SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES
18. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?
๏Climate Change is any change in climate over time whether
due to natural processes or as a result of human activity.
๏ It is a change of climate which is attributed directly or
indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the
global atmosphere and which is, in addition to natural climate
variability, observed over comparable time periods (United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).
19. HOW DOES IT OCCUR?
๏ The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC, 4AR 2007) concludes that climate change is already occurring and that further
acceleration will result in a two (2) degrees increase in global temperature and of extreme
weather conditions.
๏ Climate Change is caused by the increasing volume of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in
the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are gases that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation,
warming the earthโs surface and contributing to climate change (UNEP 1988). These
gases are water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone,
hydrofluorocarbon, perfluorocarbon, and sulfur hexafluoride. When these gases
increase in volume, more solar heat will be trapped resulting to a warmer atmospheric
condition. This phenomenon is known as the โgreenhouse effectโ. Global warming is
the increase in the average temperature of the earthโs near-surface air and oceans that is
associated with the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
20. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE OR GLOBAL
WARMING?
๏The warming of the Earthโs atmosphere results in the melting of snow
covers and glaciers, the rise of sea level, shorter winters, early springs, hotter
summers and delayed coming of autumns, altered forest productivity and
composition, habitat shifts of some animals, changes in the behavior patterns
of flora and fauna, spread of diseases, stronger and more frequent typhoons,
more floods, severe droughts, stronger heat waves and heavier rains and
more.
21.
22. WHAT CAN BE DONE LOCALLY?
๏ The following can be done:
1. Reduce the sources of green house gas emissions or enhance their sink or
capture (Mitigation).
2. Moderate the harmful effects of climate change and exploit its beneficial
opportunities (Adaptation).
3. Support or join awareness raising of people in your locality/community
about climate change.
4. Carry out concrete disaster prevention, mitigation and management
activities (Capacity Building).
5. Suggest or advocate the integration of climate change mitigation and
adaptation into organization/institutional plans to mainstream this
consciousness.
23. WHAT CAN BE DONE LOCALLY?
6. Lobby for and/or support climate change responsive policies and
ordinances (Policy Development).
7. Synergize efforts with other enlightened individual or group stakeholders.
To reduce vulnerability to climate change hazards and risks, Adaptation,
Risks Reduction, Development Planning and Humanitarian Action need to
come together.
8. Develop a stable resource mobilization mechanism or system to ensure and
facilitate the flow of financial and technical support to local implementers.
Without an adequate and sustainable financial and technical backing, plans
will remain good only in writing.
26. ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
๏ Much had been written about the worsening problem of solid waste
especially in urban centers in the country.
๏ Based on studies made by the National Solid Waste Management
Commission Secretariat based at the Environmental Management Bureau
(EMB), it is estimated that the per capita waste production daily is 0.5 kg.
This means that for every person living in the metropolis, he or she
generates half a kilo of waste a day. With an estimated population of 10.5
million, total waste generated in Metro Manila alone could run up to 5,250
metric tons per day; or 162,750 metric tons per month; or 1.95 million
metric tons per year. Definitely, thatโs a lot of waste to speak of.
27. ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
๏ Only about 73% of the 5,250 metric tons of waste generated
daily are collected by dump trucks hired by our respective local
government units. That is assuming our LGUs are faithful to their
duties to us, taxpayers. The remaining 27% of our daily waste or
about 1,417.5 metric tons end up in canals, vacant spaces, street
corners, market places, rivers and other places where, ironically,
thereโs a sign that reads โhuwag magtapon ng basura ditto ang
mahuli, bugbog sarado!โ.
28. ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
๏While there were already efforts in the past to address the
problem head-on, the passage of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 9003,
otherwise known as the โEcological Solid Waste Management
Act of 2000โ, marked the turning point in the national
development agenda for improved solid waste management and
resource conversation.
29. WHAT IS R.A NO. 9003?
โ Improper solid waste disposal is probably the most important environmental concern
facing local governments (Laplante 2003).
โ The first bill that then Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed into law in
2001 was Republic Act No.9003 (RA 9003) or the Ecological Solid Waste Management
(ECOSWAM) Act which requires municipalities to dispose of waste in a sanitary and
environmentally friendly manner.
โ It provides the legal framework for the countryโs systematic, comprehensive and
ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure protection of public health
and the environment.
โ It underscores, among other things, the need to create the necessary institutional
mechanisms and incentives, as well as imposes penalties for acts in violation of any of its
provisions.
โ The implementing rules and regulations of R.A. No. 9003 are contained in DENR
Administrative Order No. 2001 โ 34.
30. WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF R.A. NO.9003?
a) Creation of the National Solid Waste Management Commission
(NSWMC), the National Ecology Center (NEC) and the Solid Waste
Management Board in every province, City and Municipality in the
country. The NSWMC shall be responsible in the formulation of the
National Solid Waste Management Framework and other policies on
solid waste, in overseeing the implementation of solid waste
management plans and the management of the solid waste management
fund. The NEC, on the other hand, shall be responsible for consulting,
information, training and networking services relative to the
implementation of R.A. No. 9003. The Solid Waste Management Board
of provinces, cities, and municipalities shall be responsible for the
development of their respective solid waste management plans.
31. WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF R.A. NO.9003?
b) Formulation of the National Solid Waste Management Framework; 10
years solid waste management plans by local government units consistent
with the National Solid Waste Management Framework;
c) Mandatory segregation of solid waste to be conducted primarily at the
source such as household, institutional, industrial, commercial and
agricultural sources;
d) Setting of minimum requirements to ensure systematic collection and
transport of wastes and the proper protection of the health of garbage
collectors;
e) Establishment of reclamation programs and buy-back centers for
recyclable and toxic materials;
f) Promotion of eco-labeling in local products and services;
32. WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF R.A. NO.9003?
g) Prohibition on non-environmentally acceptable products and packaging;
h) Establishment of Materials Recovery Facility in every barangay or
cluster of barangays;
i) Prohibition against the use of open dumps;
j) Setting of guidelines/ criteria for the establishment of controlled dumps
and sanitary landfills;
k) Provision of rewards, incentives both fiscal and non-fiscal, financial
assistance, grants and the like to encourage LGUs and the general public
to undertaken effective solid waste management; and
l) Promotion of research on solid waste management and environmental
education in the formal and non-formal sectors.
33. HOW CAN WE HELP SOLVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM?
There are many ways to do it. A highly recommended formula is to
adopt the 3Rs of Ecological waste Management: REDUCE, REUSE, and
RECYCLE.
๏ In addition to that, let us refrain from doing what have been
prohibited under the law, to include but are not limited to the following:
a) Littering, throwing, dumping of waste materials in public places like
roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros, parks and establishments;
b) Open burning of solid waste;
c) Allowing the collection of non-segregated or unsorted waste;
d) Squatting in open dumps and landfills;
34. HOW CAN WE HELP SOLVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM?
e) Open dumping or burying of biodegradable and non-biodegradable
materials in flood-prone areas;
f) Unauthorized removal of recyclable material intended for collection by
authorized persons;
g) Mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste in
any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste collection
or disposal;
h) Manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable
packaging materials;
i) Establishment or operation of open dumps; and
j) Importation of customer products packaged in non-environmentally
acceptable materials.
35. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTES
TABLE 1. SOURCES AND TYPE OF SOLID WASTE
Source Facility Type of Waste
Domestic
Single family dwelling, multi-
family dwelling, low, medium and
high-rise apartments
Food, paper, packaging, glass,
metals, ashes, bulky household
waste, hazardous household waste
Commercial
Shops, restaurants, markets, office
buildings, hotels and motels,
institutions
Food, paper, packaging, glass,
metals, ashes, bulky household
waste, hazardous household waste
Industrial
Fabrication, light and heavy
manufacturing refineries, chemical
plants, mining, power generation
Industrial process waste, metals,
lumbers, plastic, oils, hazardous
waste
Construction and Demolition
Solid, concrete, timber, steel,
plastic, glass, vegetation
Agricultural Waste Pesticides, farm wastes
37. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTES
TABLE 3. REFUSE MATERIALS BY KINDS, COMPOSITIONS AND SOURCES
Kind Composition Sources
Garbage
Waste from preparation, cooking and serving of
food, market wastes from handling, storage and
sale of produce
Households, restaurants, institutions, stores and
markets
Rubbish
Combustible: paper, cartons, boxes, wood tree
branches, yard trimmings, wood, furniture,
beddings
Households, restaurants, institutions, stores and
markets
Non-combustible: metals, tin cans, metal
furniture, dirt glass minerals
Ashes
Residue from fires used for cooking and
heating and from on-site incineration
Households, restaurants, institutions, stores and
markets
Street refuse
Sweeping, dirt leaves, catch basin dirt, contents
of litter receptacles
Streets, sidewalks, alleys
Dead animals Cats, dogs, horses, cows Streets, sidewalks, alleys
Industrial waste
Food processing waste, boiler house, cinders,
lumber scraps, metal scraps, shavings
Factories, power plants
Construction waste Scrap lumber, pipe, construction materials New construction, remodeling
38. HAZARDOUS WASTES
๏ These are solid wastes or a combination of solid waste which
identify concentration or physical, chemical or infectious
characteristics may do the following:
1. Cause or significantly contribute to the increase in mortality or
an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible
illness; and
2. Cause a substantial present or potential hazard to human health
or the environment when improperly treated, stored r
transported.
39. HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT
A comprehensive and integrated management of toxic substances and
hazardous wastes which adheres to the waste management hierarchy of
source reduction, recycling, treatment and safe disposal for the protection of
personnel, environment and property.
FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
1. Ignitable-the substance causes or enhances fires
2. Corrosive-the substance destroys tissues or metals
3. Reactive-the substance reacts with others and may explode
4. Toxic-the substance is a danger to health, water food and air
40. THE THREE MAIN GOALS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT
1. Protection of the Environment
2. Improvement of Public Health
3. Conservation of Energy
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ISWM)
It is the selection of combination of
techniques, technologies and management
programs to achieve waste management
objectives.
Source Reduction and
Minimization
Recycling and Reuse
Transformation
Landfill
Hierarchy of ISWM
41. ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT
Zero Waste Management is an ecological method of handling
wastes that does not degrade the environment nor pollute air,
water, soil and facilitate their sanitary retrieval, reuse or recycling.
This is one of the most friendly, economical tools of contributing
ecological welfare for human beings and the community.
42. ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT
๏ Modern waste reduction consists of three (3)
components namely:
1. REUSE. Means re-utilization of materials for
particular purpose.
2. REDUCE. The process of lessening the fresh raw
materials that affects air, water and land pollution
through proper waste disposal.
3. RECYCLING. Involves processing used, unwanted
materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste
of potentially useful materials.
44. ๏ This section discusses the nature, types, sources and effects of
air pollution.
๏ It gives the general status of air pollution in the country, and
summarizes the salient features of the Clean Air Act and suggests
ways by which to prevent pollution.
๏ Stationary sources of pollutants are factories, crematorium,
incinerations, power plants, garbage dumps, and construction
sites. These emit particulates, nitrates, sulfur oxides and ammonia.
They contribute 88% of the total airborne sulfur oxides and 68%of
nitrogen oxides.
45. ๏ Accumulation in the atmosphere of gases from industrial
solvents such as nitrous oxides and carbon tetrachloride and
carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have
possible effects on climate and human health.
๏ Anthropogenic sources of air pollution have been increasing
vehicles that ply the road of Metro Manila are smoke belchers.
๏ Among the different air pollutants, 6 โcriteriaโ pollutants such
as ozone, carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides
and particulates determine air quality standards.
46. ๏ Ozone is the major ingredient in smog. In the stratosphere it
occurs naturally and acts as a filtering mechanism for the harmful
ultraviolet rays from the sun but in the lower atmosphere
comprise what mainly we see as grey smog suspended on air.
Ozone is formed by a series of complex reactions involving
nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and sunlight. Smog
or ground level ozone may cause lung inflammation, decreased
ability to breathe and susceptibility to respiratory diseases such as
pneumonia, bronchitis, fibrosis and premature lung aging.
Children are susceptible to ozone exposure.
47. ๏ Carbon monoxide is a toxic, odorless, colorless gas produced during
fossil fuel or biomass burning. Carbon monoxide exposure can block
oxygen to the brain and cause poor concentration, fatigue and death.
๏ Lead is one of the most toxic substances.
๏ Sulfur oxides are gases formed by combustion. Industries and electric
power plants account for 88% of sulfur dioxide emissions totaling 88,458
tons in 1990, causing bronchitis and impairment of preliminary functions.
They are also active ingredients in the formation of acid rain.
๏ Nitrogen oxides are gases produces from high temperature combustion
in the air. It can cause respiratory ailments like asthma and eye irritation.
They are also an active ingredient in the formation of smog.
48. ๏ Nitrogen oxides are gases produces from high temperature combustion
in the air. It can cause respiratory ailments like asthma and eye irritation.
They are also an active ingredient in the formation of smog.
๏ Particulates (also called soots) are minute, microscopic particles
suspended in the air. They range in size from 10 to less than 2.5 microns
diameter (one micron is roughly equivalent to1/70 the width of human hair.)
Annual average TSP (total suspended particulates) concentrations in Metro
Manila are 5x higher than the World Health Organization Air Quality
guidelines. They can enter the bloodstream or become trapped in the lung
tissue. Continuous severe diseases like pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma,
emphysema and cardiovascular diseases.
49. ๏ Air pollution is the presence of substances in the air in amounts
harmful to humans, other animals and/ or plants. There are over
100 identified air pollutants.
๏ The main categories of pollutants are:
1. Particulates are very fine solids, collectively referred to as total
suspended particulates (TSP);
2. Carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen and sulfur;
3. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); and
4. Ozone.
50. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
1. MOBILE SOURCES. 3.9 million vehicles are registered in the whole
country. Around 80% use gasoline and 30% use diesel. Only a small
percentage of Filipinos own cars, 20% in Metro Manila. The rest take
public transportation.
2. STATIONARY SOURCES. Stationary sources that account for most of
the air pollution are emissions from power plants, cement plants and oil
refineries.
51. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION FROM FOSSIL FUELS
Sulfur and nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and soot irritate the
mucous membranes of the respiratory system. If irritation is prolonged, it
can lead to respiratory disease โ persistent cough, emphysema, asthma, and
other allergies, and worst, cancer. Carbon monoxide is hazardous because it
bonds strongly with hemoglobin of the blood, replacing oxygen. As a result,
the tissues and organs of the body are deprived of the vital gas, oxygen.
Ozone causes a range of acute effects including eyes, nose and throat
irritation. It also impairs respiratory functions. Ozone is a highly oxidizing
gas that causes damage to materials so do sulfuric and nitric acid from
sulfur and nitrogen oxide, respectively.
52. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION FROM FOSSIL FUELS
The Philippines is a signatory to the United Nations Convention on
Climate Change and has ratified the Kyoto Protocol. Under the latter, all
signatory countries are committed to exert all efforts to lower their
greenhouse gas emissions. The Protocol invokes a special commitment
from developed countries to reduce their emissions to 5% less than their
1990 levels between 2008 and 2012. The Protocol will go into effect when
it is ratified by 55 countries which should include developed countries
responsible for 55% of the emissions worldwide.
53. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION FROM FOSSIL FUELS
Another class of substances that must be regulated is what is collectively
known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs are unreactive for mattresses,
Styrofoam and insulation.
A group of substances that are common in our everyday lives but are
extremely toxic are known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These are
either human-made substances or products of combustion or other processes
undergone by human-made products.
Radioactivity is the most lethal form of pollution because it can be readily
destroy cells and tissues. No more nuclear radiation should be introduced into
our environment in addition to that which naturally occurs in the background
environment.
54. THE CLEAN AIR ACT
1. Principles which state the over-all mandate of the State
2. Recognition of rights of citizens which the State shall guarantee
3. The noteworthy features of the Air Quality Management Systems are the
provisions regarding air shields and non-attainment areas.
4. The Act gives an initial list of hazardous air pollutants and guidelines for
ambient air quality.
5. Prohibition and regulation of other substances
a. Ozone-depleting substances. Consistent which the Montreal Protocol of
which the Philippines is a signatory. ODS shall be phased out.
b. Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases identified in Kyoto Protocol to the United
Nations Framework on Climate Change.
55. THE CLEAN AIR ACT
c. Framework convention on Climate Change, the DENR shall prepare a plan to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
d. Persistent Organic Pollutants. The DENR shall prepare an inventory of POPs in
the Country and a program for elimination of these substances.
e. Radioactive Substances. The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, DENR and
related agencies shall regulate all projects that involves release of radioactive
substances.
f. Pollution from Smoking. Smoking in any enclosed public space including public
vehicles and private spaces outside of oneโs residence is strictly prohibited. This
probation shall be implemented by the LGU.
g. Leaded Gasoline. The manufacture, importation, sale, disposal of leaded gasoline
and engines and components requiring leaded-gasoline is prohibited.
