2. SELF-ESTEEM
Self-esteem is a person’s subjective assessment of their value. It’s your view of yourself. Self-
esteem refers to one’s self-perception as well as emotional states including victory, despair, pride, and
humiliation. Self-esteem influences not just our thoughts, but also our feelings and behaviours. It has
far-reaching consequences for our happiness and also has a significant impact on events in our lives,
such as our relationships, job and aspirations.
Self-esteem is about more than just generally liking yourself—it also means believing that you
deserve love and valuing your own thoughts, feelings, opinions, interests, and goals. It can also play a
role in how you allow others to treat you.
3. HIGH SELF-ESTEEM (SIGNS)
● You are a leader with a Clear Vision: Leaders are those who have a high sense of self-worth. They
have a vision for their future and forge their way through life.
● You are guided by Strong Principles: People who have high self-esteem are associated with a set of
core beliefs and ideals. Honesty, trustworthiness, integrity, openness, transparency, and providing value
to others are some of these principles.
● You are Goal-Oriented: People with high self-esteem are generally goal-oriented. They set short- and
long-term goals and strive to achieve them. Their objectives are in line with their beliefs and ideals.
● You believe in yourself: People who have strong self-esteem regard themselves as important and
deserving of respect.
4. HIGH SELF-ESTEEM (SIGNS)
● Assertive in expressing needs and opinions
● Confident in ability to make decisions
● Able to form secure and honest relationships, and discontinue unhealthy ones
● Realistic in expectations; not over critical of self or others
● More resilient; better able to endure stress and setbacks
5. HIGH SELF-ESTEEM (ADVANTAGES)
● Having healthy self-esteem can help motivate you to reach your goals, because you are able to navigate
life knowing that you are capable of accomplishing what you set your mind to.
● You are able to set appropriate boundaries in relationships and maintain a healthy relationship with
yourself and others.
● Healthy self-esteem contributes to feelings of worth and security.
● Your confidence enables you to do your best at school or work.
● Healthy self-esteem helps you maintain a positive outlook even when you don’t meet expectations, as
you can be more open to feedback and growth opportunities.
● Your self-acceptance frees you from the need to conform in order to be accepted by others.
6. LOW SELF-ESTEEM (SIGNS)
● All-or-nothing thinking. You see things as either all good or all bad.
● Overgeneralization. You assume that one negative fact or event creates a general rule for your life.
● Mental filtering. You focus only on the negative aspects of life, dwell on them, and magnify them.
● Converting positives into negatives. You disregard or reject the positive aspects of life. You make excuses for
your achievements.
● Jumping to negative conclusions. You assume the worst, even when you have no evidence to support it.
● Mistaking feelings for facts. You feel stupid, lazy, or ugly, so you conclude that you must really be stupid, lazy,
or ugly.
● Personalizing everything. You assume everything negative has something to do with you. You take
inappropriate responsibility and feel inappropriate guilt.
7. INCREASING OUR SELF-ESTEEM
● Adjust your negative thinking patterns:
● Search for shades of gray. Almost nothing is all good or all bad.
● View all the evidence, including signs that you’re okay.
● Seek positives. Challenge yourself to find the positive aspects of life.
● Accept your strengths. Take in compliments and celebrate your accomplishments.
● Separate feelings from facts.
● Own only what’s yours. Don’t take emotional responsibility for others.
● Forgive yourself. Everyone makes mistakes.
● Take risks. New experiences are opportunities to learn.
8. INCREASING OUR SELF-ESTEEM
● Encourage yourself. Give yourself credit for making positive changes.
● Avoid comparisons. Evaluate yourself independently. Don’t rely on the opinion of others or compete
with others for your own self-worth.
● Use positive self-talk. Argue with your inner critic.
● Utilize positive affirmations. Make a list of your positive qualities and accomplishments, and use it to
improve your self-esteem:
● Keep it in a handy, visible place. Put it in your nightstand, enter it in your phone, or tape it on
your bathroom mirror.
● Refer to it when you’re feeling low. Remind yourself of your strengths.
● Read it regularly. The more you read it, the more you’ll believe it.
● Add to it regularly. This will heighten your awareness of new accomplishments and the positive
qualities they represent.
9. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
An interpersonal relationship is a social connection or affiliation between two or more people.
Interpersonal relationships can include your partner, loved ones, close friends, acquaintances, co-workers, and
many others who make up the social connections in your life.
Interpersonal relationships teach us who we are. From a very young age, the people around us form key
aspects of our personalities and value systems. They can help give us a sense of purpose and direction.
They’re also a key component to overall physical and mental well-being. There’s a strong link between
relationships and emotional health. That’s why it’s vital to surround yourself with people who give you joy,
support, and comfort.
10. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (STAGES)
According to famous psychologist George Levinger, every relationship goes through following five
stages.
● First Stage – Acquaintance
Acquaintance refers to knowing each other. To start relationship individuals need to know each other
well.
Two individuals might meet at some place and instantly hit it off. People feel attracted to each other and
decide to enter into a relationship.
Common friends, social gatherings, same organizations also help people meet, break the ice, get
acquainted with each other and start a relationship.
11. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (STAGES)
● Second Stage – The Build up Stage
This is the stage when the relationship actually grows. Individuals are no longer strangers and start
trusting each other.
Individuals must be compatible with each other for the relationship to continue for a longer period of time.
Individuals with similar interests and backgrounds tend to gel with each other more as compared to
individuals from diverse backgrounds and different objectives.
The build up stage in a relationship is often characterized by two individuals coming close, being
passionate and feeling for each other.
12. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (STAGES)
● Third Stage – Continuation Stage
It is the stage when a connection flourishes into long-term responsibilities. When people in the wake of
comprehending each other well decide to be in each other’s association and take care of each other.
This stage involves intimacy characterized by building up a relationship those results in finding a dear
companion or sweetheart. The closeness incorporates the relational responsibility stage where two
individuals secretly focus on one another, and the social holding stage is made freely through social
responsibility. Trust and openness are fundamental for the two to remain in a relationship for infinity.
13. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (STAGES)
● Fourth Stage – Deterioration
Not all relationships pass through this stage. Lack of compatibility, trust, love and care often lead to
misunderstandings and serious troubles in relationship.
Individuals sometimes find it extremely difficult to adjust with each other and eventually decide to bring
their relationship to an end. The shortfall of uniformity, trust, affection, and care consistently prompts
mixed beliefs and real troubles in a relationship. To a great extent, individuals feel that it is hard to
change with each other and at last choose to complete their connection.
Compromise is an integral part of every relationship.Individuals failing to compromise with each other
find it difficult to take the relationship to the next level.
14. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (STAGES)
● Fifth Stage – The Termination Stage
The final phase is the conclusion of a bond. The connection ends because of the accompanying causes
like separation or divorce. It is where rude and unpleasant words are used against each other and expose their
weakness. It is always essential to take great care of yourself and your feelings apart from the person you are
within a relationship.
15. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (TYPES)
● Family Relationship
Family relationships result from the ongoing interactions between members of a household who share a
blood relationship, such as parent and birth child, and/or a legal relationship, such as a married couple or
parent and adopted child. Family relationships are unique because, oftentimes, they are non-voluntary and they
are lifelong.
Family relationships are some of the most important for intellectual and physical development. In early
childhood, familial relationships are the basis for fulfilling basic survival needs for food and shelter. The
attachments created by family relationships are also key for socialization, language acquisition, and cognitive
development.
16. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (TYPES)
● Friendship
In contrast to family relationships, friendships are voluntary bonds entered into with people who are not
necessarily blood-related or part of the same household. As opposed to developing because of kinship
relations, friendships usually grow from shared interests and beliefs. For this reason, friendships provide
enjoyment and well-being, and some friendships have a greater level of intimacy than family relationships.
Close friends can begin to feel like family and sometimes even get fictive kinship titles, such as aunt, uncle, or
cousin.
17. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (TYPES)
● Romantic Relationship
Romantic partnerships are comprised of people who are dating, coupled, or married. They differ from
family and friend relationships because they often have more intense levels of physical intimacy. Romantic
partnerships are also characterized by romantic love, as opposed to platonic love. Psychologist Robert
Sternberg defined romantic love as having three interconnected components: intimacy, passion, and
commitment.
18. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (TYPES)
● Romantic Relationship
a. Intimacy: Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, bondedness, and attachment. Though romantic
relationships are not the only relationships that are intimate, it is a vital component of romantic love.
b. Passion: In the context of interpersonal relationships, passion is an intense feeling of emotional and
sexual excitement for someone else. Passion is the component of romantic love that most distinguishes it
from other kinds of love.
c. Commitment: This is the sense of loyalty, obligation, and permanence that people feel for someone else
to whom they are deeply connected.
19. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (TYPES)
● Platonic Relationship
In platonic relationships people are intimate and bonded in a non-sexual way. The term derives from
Greek philosopher Plato's description of non-sexual Eros in the "Symposium." For Plato, non-sexual love can
inspire ideas and connect people to the divine. For example, two friends who are deeply connected can inspire
each other's creativity.
20. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (TYPES)
● Professional Relationship
Though work can encompass friendships, family relationships, and even romantic relationships,
professional relationships generally refer to more formal interactions that are focused on work tasks.
Importantly, they take place in the context of the work place, which often has explicitly hierarchical relations of
power. The level of formality in interactions varies depending on the nature of the hierarchy in the company. For
example, companies that have a rigid hierarchy, where management holds a lot of power over decision-making,
tend to have more formal interactions. Formality also depends on position within a hierarchy. People at the
same level will have less formal interactions than those who occupy different positions.
22. LATERAL THINKING
Lateral thinking refers to a person’s capacity to problem solve by imagining creative solutions
that cannot be figured out by deductive or logical solutions. Coined by Maltese physician and
psychologist, Edward de Bono, lateral thinking is the essence of creativity.
