2. Kaksi näkökulmaa riskikäsityksiin,
julkiseen keskusteluun ja
vuorovaikukseen
● Hydrososiaalinen sykli – tapa hahmottaa kokonaisvaltaisesti
vesikeskusteluun liittyviä geo-bio-kemiallisia ja
yhteiskunnallisia tekijöitä
● Tiedon välittäminen (knowledge brokerage) – menetelmiä
tietopohjaiseen viestintään ja vuorovaikutukseen
3. Hydrososiaalinen sykli:
Hyödyllinen väline keskustelun jäsentämiseen
Lähde: Ilkka 1.8.2015
● Paikallisuus puhuttelee ihmisiä voimakkaasti
+ Voi auttaa laajentamaan tietopohjaa
- Voi johtaa joidenkin riskien ylikorostumiseen
± Miten hyödyntää asiallisen keskustelun virittämisessä?
4. Conpat-tapaustutkimus: Hydrososiaalisen
syklin soveltaminen Virttaankankaalla
Effects on
groundwater, nature
and local livelihoods
Water fluxes from
other natural and
human dominated
(upstream) areas
City
(Tampere)
City
(Turku)
Raw water
intake
(Huittinen)
Artificial groundwater plant
(Virttaankangas)
Pipeline
Pipelines,
water storage
Evaporation
Other municipatilities
(Turku area)
Sea
(The Baltic Sea)
River
Regional
economic effects
Effects on
technological
system
Effects on
human health
Local community effects
(incl. communication)
Wider social effects (incl.
communication)
Lähde: Lyytimäki & Assmuth 2015
6. Sanomalehtikeskustelu fokusoitunutta
Lähteet:
Lyytimäki & Assmuth 2015;
Lyytimäki 2015
Tekopohjavesi kytketään vain harvoin laajemmin yhteiskuntaan
● 77 % aiheeseen liittyvistä lehtiartikkeleista keskittyi
tekopohjaveteen
● Vertailu: Helsingin Sanomien (1990–2014)
rehevöitymisuutisoinnista 40 % keskittyy rehevöitymiseen,
ilmastouutisoinnista 27 % keskittyy ilmastokysymyksiin.
● Suhtautuminen tekopohjavesihankkeeseen myönteisempää
niissä jutuissa, jotka keskittyivät muihin asioihin (?)
7. Keskustelun kehykset (1)
Theme Frame of concern Key claim Counter claims
Health
Mercury (Hg)
pollution
Release of Hg from
sediment to raw
water
Hg will accumulate to
esker, methyl
mercury poses a
health risk
Health concerns non-
relevant as mercury
is insoluble to water
Other
contaminants
Chemical quality of
raw water
Risks are caused by
past (sedimented)
industrial
contaminants and
various current
impurities of the
water
Risks are identified
and under control
Environmental
Biodiversity of
the esker area
Fragile nature and
threatened species
Ecosystem will be
irreversibly spoiled
Adverse impacts are
limited; critique not
answered
Groundwater
pollution
Non-treated
groundwater as a
vulnerable resource
Natural groundwater
will be polluted
Esker area will
produce clean
drinking water
8. Keskustelun kehykset (2)
Economic
Project costs Local economy
(increase of water
fees and municipal
taxes)
Excessive or
completely
unnecessary
investment and
running costs
Costs of alternative
water supply systems
probably much higher
Cost-benefit
distribution
Justness between
people and
municipalities
Benefits are reaped
elsewhere, costs
locally
Society as a whole
benefits
Social
Citizen rights in
planning
process
Lack of real
influence by local
people
System represents
outsider intrusion
Critique is unjustified,
legal obligations are
fulfilled
Recreation Usability of esker
area
Recreation
opportunities in esker
nature will be lost
Critique not answered
9. Keskustelun kehykset (3)
Technological
Water
technologies
Use of appropriate
technology
Artificial groundwater
is expensive and
risky, alternative
technologies exist
Artificial groundwater
is the only feasible
technology available
System
vulnerability,
interruptions of
raw water
availability
Uncontrollable
consequences of
unexpected
incidents
Water production
may be hit by natural
or man-made
disasters, e.g.
chemical accidents or
algal problems
influence raw water
quality
Potential risk
situations are
assessed and risks
can be managed
Knowledge base
Availability of
research data
Unknown risks Chemical
measurements are
inadequate, lack of
data
Adequate data
already exists
Utilization of
research results
Neglected risks Relevant results are
not taken into
account
All relevant
information is
included
13. Kirjallisuus
Muu kirjallisuus:
● Lyytimäki J, Peltonen L. (2015,
Manuscript). Mining through
controversies: Public framings of gold
mining and tourism in Kuusamo,
Finland.
● Lyytimäki J. (2015, In Print). Prospects
for environmental communication
based on 25 years of newspaper
coverage of climate change and
eutrophication in Finland. Applied
Environmental Education &
Communication DOI:
10.1080/1533015X.2015.1109486
CONPAT-hankkeen tuotoksia:
● Assmuth T, Lyytimäki J. (2015). Co-
constructing inclusive knowledge within
converging fields: Environmental
governance and health care. Environmental
Science and Policy 51: 338-350. DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2014.12.022
● Lyytimäki J, Assmuth T. (2015) Down with
the flow: Public debates shaping the risk
framing of artificial groundwater recharge.
GeoJournal 80(1): 113-127. DOI:
10.1007/s10708-014-9540-3