Tell the history of Container/Docker/Kubernetes, and show the key elements of them. After view this document, you could know the main feature of Container Docker and Kubernetes. Very basic infomation about how these technique work together.

1. Container Docker and
Kubernetes
An introduction of basics

2. Contents
 Container
 Docker
 Kubernetes

3. Container
 What is Container?
• isolated
• include all required files
• portable
• lightweight VM
• share host kernel
referance: https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/containers/whats-a-linux-container

4. Container
* kubernetes: remove the Container Daemon

5. Container
Reference：https://www.backblaze.com/blog/vm-vs-containers/

6. Container
 Building Blocks
• Control groups
• CPU/Memory/Disk IO
• namespace
• pid/net/mnt/user etc..
• Storage
• Copy-on-Write
• AUFS, overlay FS

7. Container
 Runtimes
• LXC
• Docker Engine
• rkt(CoreOS--App Container)
• runC(Open Container Project--OCP)
• OpenVZ
• Jails/Zones

8. Container
 Open Container Project(OCP)
• Open Container Initiative (OCI)
• the Runtime Specification (runtime-spec) and the Image Specification (image-spec)
 CNI and CNM
• Docker vs CoreOS(Google)
referance:https://www.opencontainers.org/about
referance:https://thenewstack.io/container-networking-landscape-cni-
coreos-cnm-docker/

9. Docker

10. Docker

11. Docker

12. Docker--image

13. Docker--Dockerfile

14. Docker
 Network
• bridge/overlay/host/none
 Storage
• bind mounts
 Service Discovery & Load Balancing
• DNS based

15. Docker--Overlay

16. Docker--Pid 1 and Signal
referance: https://github.com/Yelp/dumb-init

17. Docker--Swarm
 Docker Swarm
• simple to create
• limited ability(auto-scaling, cloud-integration,multi-user, log)
 Full Production Environment Stack
• Nginx as Frontend load balancer and Service Router
• Consul+Consul-template to update Nginx config and reload Nginx
• registrator on every worker node
• logspout+ELK
• NFS as storage persistent solution
• cAdvisor+Node_exporter+Prometheus

18. Docker

19. Docker

20. Docker

21. Docker
 https://chrisshort.net/docker-inc-is-dead/
 https://thenewstack.io/solomon-hykes-departs-from-docker/

22. kubernetes
 Why Kubernetes?
• automate deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications
• container orchestration
• new era of infrastructure
• Docker Swarm/Rancher/Mesos
 feature
• auto-failover/Blue-Green/Rollback
• Service Discovery/Load Balance
• Cloud-Integration
• multi-namespace
• Support from Google/Redhat/IBM

23. kubernetes

24. kubernetes

25. kubernetes--Components
 API Server
 Scheduler
 Control Manager
 etcd
 kubelet
 kube-proxy

26. kubernetes--Scheduler
 Scheduler

27. kubernetes
 Pod
 Deployment/Replica Sets
 DaemonSet(nginx as Ingress)
 StatefulSets
 CronJob
 Service

28. kubernetes

29. kubernetes

30. kubernetes--yaml

31. kubernetes--pod
 the smallest and simplest unit
 shared storage/network
 routable IP address
 one or more containers

32. kubernetes--pod
https://matthewpalmer.net/kubernetes-app-developer/articles/multi-container-pod-design-
patterns.html

33. kubernetes--pod
 HealthCheck
• Liveness Probes
• Readiness Probes
https://matthewpalmer.net/kubernetes-app-developer/articles/multi-container-pod-design-
patterns.html

34. kubernetes--Deployment

35. kubernetes--Deployment

36. kubernetes--Expose Service
 NodePort
 Ingress(Nginx and ConfigMap)
 LoadBalancer(OpenStack,AWS,GCE,AliCloud)
 kube-proxy
• iptables vs ipvs

37. kubernetes--NodePort+LB

38. kubernetes--Ingress

39. kubernetes--Ingress

40. kubernetes--storage
 Volume
 PersistentVolume: a resource like a node in a cluster
 PersistentVolumeClaims: request for PV
 static/dynamic PVs
• StorageClasses
 cloud-provider

41. kubernetes--storage
 Static PVs and PVCs

42. kubernetes--storage
 Dynamic PVs and PVCs

43. kubernetes--ConfigMap
 separate application code from configuration
 examples:
• redis example:https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/configuration/configure-redis-using-
configmap/
• nginx example: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/configuration/configure-redis-
using-configmap/

44. kubernetes

45. kubernetes--monitor
 Host Monitor
• zabbix/node_exporter
 Pod Monitor
• cAdvisor
 Heapster
 ELK
 Horizontal Pod Autoscaler(HPA)

46. kubernetes--Advanced Topics
 Blue-green/Canary deployment
 Service Mesh
 helm(rpm,apt)
http://blog.christianposta.com/deploy/blue-green-deployments-a-b-testing-and-canary-
releases/