1. COMPOSTING
Composting is defined as “ a process where biodegradable
materials , such as manure and leaves , are decomposed and
transformed into a humus-like substance called compost, CO²,
water ,and minerals by microorganisms through a controlled
biological process
*Objectives of composting
1. to decompose organic material into stable humus, helps in
improving the quality of soil
2. to manage the waste generated in the garden and same of

2. ADVANTAGE AND DIS ADVANTAGE OF COMPOSTING
• Advantage
. - enchance the physical properties of soils
. - improves the chemical properties of soil
. -enhance soils biological properties
. -pollution remediation
. - pollution prevention
• Dis – advantage
-it requires an initial investment
. -its effectiveness is contingent on the quality of organic waste
. -composting creates a smell that is unpleasant
. -many hours of work are involved

3. TYPES OF COMPOSTING
1. Aerobic composting–means that this type of composting requires oxygen.The compost will
need to be regularly turned to in corporate oxygen into the pile
- Basically to make aerobic compost,you simply gather organic material puti it into a bin or a
heap in the garden,aerate it and then add it to your suit.
-Aerobic microorganisms breakdown organic matter and produce carbon dioxide (CO2)
ammonia,water,heat and humus,the relatively stable organic end product
2.Vermicomposting- uses various species of worm to do most of the composting the process is
still aerobic (worm required oxygen)but you do not need to aerate or turn the pile.the worm do
that for you
-Worm casting(vermicomposting-)are rich in phosphorus, potassium ,and nitrogen .It is
also an excellent source of beneficial soil microorganisms and mmicronutrients.
-THE products of the decomposition process using various species of worm , usually red
wigglers ,white worms,and other earthworm to create a mixture of decomposing,and
vermicast

4. AEROBIC COMPOSTING
Vermicomposting-
Anaerobic
composting

5. Enhanced compost
• Enhanced compost is made with the same cares as our regular compost:however it is further
ph balance
• to do this ,we add a proprietary blend of minor element ,neither our compost nor our
enhanced compost make an ideal pure growing environment ,but there are both excellent
soil amendments
• FACTORS AFFECTING DECOMCOMPOSITION
1.Litter quality –The rate Of decomposition depends on the structure and chemical properties
of litter
2.Temperature-temprerature regulates the grow and activity of microorganisms.the
temperature is different at elevations
3.Aeration-The oxygen present in the form of the soil helps in the growth of microorganisms
3.Soil ph- The presence of cations and anions governs the ph of the soil

6. • A.C:N RATIO
. - The carbon to nitrogen (c/n)ratio is significant in
composting because microorganisms need a good balance of carbon and
nitrogen (ranging from 25 to35)in order to remain active.
- High c/n ratio can lead to prolonged comportive duration
And Low C/n ratio enhanced nitrogen loss. The c/n ratio can be regulated
by selecting the most suitable combination of compost materials and
added bulking agents to ensure a final ratio within the optimum range
B.MOISTURE- Moisture content influences physicalogical characteristics of
microbes and physical structure of solid matrices during composting of
animal manure. One of the best to maintain your compost moisture
content is to process of in a compost bin or tumbler

7. •C. Ph- pH is an important factor in composting because
it affects the rate of decomposition ,the availability of
nutrients and the types of microorganisms present. A
pH of 6.0to 7.0is optimal for composting as it allows a
balance of bacteria,fungi,and other microorganisms