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Ch 2 Reproduction in Animals
Camel in desert
Fish in water
Breathing- It is a process in which
oxygen enters the body of an
animal and burns the food to
produce energy. During this
process carbon dioxide is
released from the animal body.
LUNGS- Lungs help animals to
take oxygen from the air , into the
blood stream.
Lungs have blood vessels that help
in absorbing oxygen from the
inhaled air.
 Carbon dioxide from the body is
released in the lungs and oxygen is
absorbed.
 Once the oxygen reaches the blood, it
is supplied to all body parts.
 Eg- birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians
Breathing through lungs in mammals
Breathing through lungs in birds
Breathing through lungs in reptiles
Breathing through lungs in amphibians
 Aquatic animals take the oxygen
dissolved in water.
 For this they have a special organ
called gills.
 Gills have fine blood vessels where
exchange of gases take place.
 Eg- fish, crabs, tadpoles etc.
Ch 2 Reproduction in Animals
 Spiracles are the tiny air holes through which
oxygen is supplied directly to the body parts of
an insect.
 The oxygen is supplied directly to the body
parts because insects are bloodless creatures.
 The insects have a network of air tubes called
tracheae that directly deliver oxygen to the
body parts.
 Eg- cockroaches, grasshoppers etc.
Spiracles in cockroach
Spiracles in grasshopper
 Mostly amphibians breathe through
moist skin when they are in water.
 Other than amphibians earthworms
and newts also breathe through moist
skin.
EARTHWORM NEWT
FROG
 The blood contains an oxygen
carrying pigment called
haemoglobin, which gives it red
colour.
 FOOD- Animals eat food to get nutrients
and energy to grow and perform various
activities.
 Food also keeps the body healthy and
strong.
 Different animals eat different types of
food hence they possess special features
for feeding.
 The teeth and mouth of the animals are adapted
to the type of food they eat.
Types of Teeth
 Incisors- Biting teeth
 Canines- Tearing teeth
 Pre-molars- Cracking Teeth
 Molars- Grinding teeth
Canines
Incisors
 HERBIVORES- The animals that feed upon
plant and plant products are called herbivores.
Eg.- cow, elephant, giraffe etc.
 They have sharp incisors to cut the food and flat,
broad molars to grind and chew the food.
 Some herbivores nibble at food. They use their
small and sharp incisors to at their food.
Eg.- squirrels, rabbit
 The animals that feed on flesh of other
animals are known as carnivores.
Eg.- tiger, lion, wolves etc.
 They have strong and sharp claws to
catch and hold the prey.
 They have sharp and pointed canines to
tear the flesh and strong molars to chew
the meat.
Ch 2 Reproduction in Animals
 Snakes- Snakes do not have biting and
chewing teeth so they eat their prey whole.
 They have small hook like teeth that help in
holding the prey while swallowing.
 They have false teeth or fangs in their upper
jaw.
 Frogs- They have long sticky tongue to catch
the prey. In frogs the tongue is fixed in the
front and free at the back. So they stick out
their tongue to catch the prey and then fold it
back.
 Eagles, vultures, and kites have talons to catch
their prey. They also have sharp and hooked
beaks to tear the flesh.
Ch 2 Reproduction in Animals
 The animals that eat plants and flesh both are
called omnivores. They have sharp incisors and
broad molars to eat both kind of food.
Eg.- bear, crow, pigs etc.
 Mosquitoes and butterflies have piercing
needle like structure called proboscis that help
butterflies in sucking nectar from flower and it
helps mosquitoes to suck blood.
proboscis
 Birds have different types of beaks and claws
to catch and eat their food.
 Eg- Storks have sharp dagger-like beaks to
catch fish.
 Parrots have sharp claws and curved beaks to
hold hard fruits, nuts and eat them.
 Animals move from one place to another
place in search of food, shelter, breeding
ground and to escape from their enemies.
 Animals living in different habitats have
different means to move from one to
another place.
 Terrestrial Animals- They use their forelimbs
and hind limbs for movement.
 Reptiles- They crawl on land
with the help of four short legs
. Eg.- lizards, crocodiles, turtles.
Crocodile with short legs
forelimbs
Hind limbs
Short legs
 Snakes have scaleson the underside of their
body which help them in movement.
 Insects- They move with the help of legs or
wings.
 Ants and cockroaches have six legs to move.
Snakes with scales
Dragon fly with legs
and wings
Cockroach with six legs
 Most aquatic animals have fins, flippers and
tail for movement.
 Fish have streamlined body to swim fast, side
fins for maintaining balance and tail fin to
change direction.
 Turtles and penguins have
flippersto move in water.
 Frogs and ducks have webbed
feet to paddle and swim in
water.
Webbed
feet
 Birds fly in the air with the help of their
wings that are covered with feathers
 The wings are modified forelimbs that
remains attached to the chest with the help
of muscles.
Wings with feathers
Wings attached
to chest
Hind limbs
 Birds use their hind limbs to land, perch, walk,
run or hop.
 Birds are light weighted and they have hollow
bones.
 It helps them to fly easily.
Bird on perch
Bird on walk
 All birds have wings and feathers but all of
them cannot fly. They are called flightless
birds.
 They have large body and small wings which
do not support their weight during flight.
Penguin Kiwi Emu
 Insects like butterflies, bees, houseflies
can also fly with their wings.
 Wings of insects do not have bones and
feathers
 Incisors are known as biting teeth.
 Herbivores have sharp and pointed canines.
 The mouth of a bird is called proboscis.
 Penguin’s flippers are actually short and strong
wings.
 Ostrich and emu cannot fly because they do
not have wings.
 The mass movement of animals from one place
to another in search of food, favourable weather
conditions or breeding ground is called
migration.
 Many animals migrate regularly to a particular
place at a particular time to give birth to new
ones. These places are called breeding grounds.
 They come back to their natural habitats once
their young ones are mature enough.
 Animals migrate from colder regions to
warmer places in extreme winter due to lack of
food.
 Some animals migrate in summer also.
 Stork and sandpiper migrate to India from
different countries.
 Arctic Tern makes the longest migration.
 It flies from Arctic Ocean to Antarctica
and returns back later later, twice a year.
 It travels a distance of approximately
1700kms each way.
 Orange and Black Monarch Butterfly flies every year
in winter from Canada to Mexico and California.
 Locusts migrate in swarms in search of food. They
cause destruction to standing crops.
 Whales moves from colder part of the ocean to the
warmer part to give birth to their young ones
 Some animals sleep throughout the winter to
avoid the harsh weather conditions. This
process is called hibernation. The deep sleep
lasts for several months.
 During hibernation the heart beats slow and
the body temperature of the animal also drops.
 Eg.- snakes, ground squirrels, bats, frogs etc.
 During winter bears sleep a lot but they
do not hibernate. They sleep for long
hours but can be awaken. This sleeping
pattern is called torpor.
 The long sleeping pattern of animals
during summer is called aestivation.
 Eg- bees, frogs, snails etc.
Ch 2 Reproduction in Animals

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Ch 2 Reproduction in Animals

  • 3. Breathing- It is a process in which oxygen enters the body of an animal and burns the food to produce energy. During this process carbon dioxide is released from the animal body.
  • 4. LUNGS- Lungs help animals to take oxygen from the air , into the blood stream. Lungs have blood vessels that help in absorbing oxygen from the inhaled air.
  • 5.  Carbon dioxide from the body is released in the lungs and oxygen is absorbed.  Once the oxygen reaches the blood, it is supplied to all body parts.  Eg- birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians
  • 6. Breathing through lungs in mammals Breathing through lungs in birds
  • 7. Breathing through lungs in reptiles Breathing through lungs in amphibians
  • 8.  Aquatic animals take the oxygen dissolved in water.  For this they have a special organ called gills.  Gills have fine blood vessels where exchange of gases take place.  Eg- fish, crabs, tadpoles etc.
  • 10.  Spiracles are the tiny air holes through which oxygen is supplied directly to the body parts of an insect.  The oxygen is supplied directly to the body parts because insects are bloodless creatures.  The insects have a network of air tubes called tracheae that directly deliver oxygen to the body parts.  Eg- cockroaches, grasshoppers etc.
  • 12.  Mostly amphibians breathe through moist skin when they are in water.  Other than amphibians earthworms and newts also breathe through moist skin.
  • 14.  The blood contains an oxygen carrying pigment called haemoglobin, which gives it red colour.
  • 15.  FOOD- Animals eat food to get nutrients and energy to grow and perform various activities.  Food also keeps the body healthy and strong.  Different animals eat different types of food hence they possess special features for feeding.
  • 16.  The teeth and mouth of the animals are adapted to the type of food they eat. Types of Teeth  Incisors- Biting teeth  Canines- Tearing teeth  Pre-molars- Cracking Teeth  Molars- Grinding teeth
  • 18.  HERBIVORES- The animals that feed upon plant and plant products are called herbivores. Eg.- cow, elephant, giraffe etc.  They have sharp incisors to cut the food and flat, broad molars to grind and chew the food.
  • 19.  Some herbivores nibble at food. They use their small and sharp incisors to at their food. Eg.- squirrels, rabbit
  • 20.  The animals that feed on flesh of other animals are known as carnivores. Eg.- tiger, lion, wolves etc.  They have strong and sharp claws to catch and hold the prey.  They have sharp and pointed canines to tear the flesh and strong molars to chew the meat.
  • 22.  Snakes- Snakes do not have biting and chewing teeth so they eat their prey whole.  They have small hook like teeth that help in holding the prey while swallowing.  They have false teeth or fangs in their upper jaw.
  • 23.  Frogs- They have long sticky tongue to catch the prey. In frogs the tongue is fixed in the front and free at the back. So they stick out their tongue to catch the prey and then fold it back.  Eagles, vultures, and kites have talons to catch their prey. They also have sharp and hooked beaks to tear the flesh.
  • 25.  The animals that eat plants and flesh both are called omnivores. They have sharp incisors and broad molars to eat both kind of food. Eg.- bear, crow, pigs etc.
  • 26.  Mosquitoes and butterflies have piercing needle like structure called proboscis that help butterflies in sucking nectar from flower and it helps mosquitoes to suck blood. proboscis
  • 27.  Birds have different types of beaks and claws to catch and eat their food.  Eg- Storks have sharp dagger-like beaks to catch fish.  Parrots have sharp claws and curved beaks to hold hard fruits, nuts and eat them.
  • 28.  Animals move from one place to another place in search of food, shelter, breeding ground and to escape from their enemies.  Animals living in different habitats have different means to move from one to another place.
  • 29.  Terrestrial Animals- They use their forelimbs and hind limbs for movement.  Reptiles- They crawl on land with the help of four short legs . Eg.- lizards, crocodiles, turtles. Crocodile with short legs forelimbs Hind limbs Short legs
  • 30.  Snakes have scaleson the underside of their body which help them in movement.  Insects- They move with the help of legs or wings.  Ants and cockroaches have six legs to move. Snakes with scales Dragon fly with legs and wings Cockroach with six legs
  • 31.  Most aquatic animals have fins, flippers and tail for movement.  Fish have streamlined body to swim fast, side fins for maintaining balance and tail fin to change direction.
  • 32.  Turtles and penguins have flippersto move in water.  Frogs and ducks have webbed feet to paddle and swim in water. Webbed feet
  • 33.  Birds fly in the air with the help of their wings that are covered with feathers  The wings are modified forelimbs that remains attached to the chest with the help of muscles. Wings with feathers Wings attached to chest Hind limbs
  • 34.  Birds use their hind limbs to land, perch, walk, run or hop.  Birds are light weighted and they have hollow bones.  It helps them to fly easily. Bird on perch Bird on walk
  • 35.  All birds have wings and feathers but all of them cannot fly. They are called flightless birds.  They have large body and small wings which do not support their weight during flight. Penguin Kiwi Emu
  • 36.  Insects like butterflies, bees, houseflies can also fly with their wings.  Wings of insects do not have bones and feathers
  • 37.  Incisors are known as biting teeth.  Herbivores have sharp and pointed canines.  The mouth of a bird is called proboscis.  Penguin’s flippers are actually short and strong wings.  Ostrich and emu cannot fly because they do not have wings.
  • 38.  The mass movement of animals from one place to another in search of food, favourable weather conditions or breeding ground is called migration.  Many animals migrate regularly to a particular place at a particular time to give birth to new ones. These places are called breeding grounds.  They come back to their natural habitats once their young ones are mature enough.
  • 39.  Animals migrate from colder regions to warmer places in extreme winter due to lack of food.  Some animals migrate in summer also.  Stork and sandpiper migrate to India from different countries.
  • 40.  Arctic Tern makes the longest migration.  It flies from Arctic Ocean to Antarctica and returns back later later, twice a year.  It travels a distance of approximately 1700kms each way.
  • 41.  Orange and Black Monarch Butterfly flies every year in winter from Canada to Mexico and California.  Locusts migrate in swarms in search of food. They cause destruction to standing crops.  Whales moves from colder part of the ocean to the warmer part to give birth to their young ones
  • 42.  Some animals sleep throughout the winter to avoid the harsh weather conditions. This process is called hibernation. The deep sleep lasts for several months.  During hibernation the heart beats slow and the body temperature of the animal also drops.  Eg.- snakes, ground squirrels, bats, frogs etc.
  • 43.  During winter bears sleep a lot but they do not hibernate. They sleep for long hours but can be awaken. This sleeping pattern is called torpor.
  • 44.  The long sleeping pattern of animals during summer is called aestivation.  Eg- bees, frogs, snails etc.