SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  13
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Meaning of Language:
     Semantic
    Lovely Mae Prieto
       Ye Jin Kim
Terms
•   Semantics                    •   Enduring
•   Pragmatics                   •   Element
•   Ambiguity                    •   Entity
•   Entailment                   •   Feature
•   Contradictory                •   Agent
•   Compositionality             •   Theme
•   Anomaly                      •   Denote
•   Metaphor                     •   Instrument
•   Idioms                       •   Experiencer
•   Pragmatics                   •   Designate
•   Speech acts                  •   perception
•   Conversational implication
•   Deixis
Characteristics of semantics
• Semantics
  - study of the meaning of linguistic expressions
  - aims to account for what is linguistically encoded
  - linguistic meaning: made up from the sum of the meanings
  of its parts
  - meaning of sentence: words + syntactic makeup
  - focus on literal meaning (non-literal meaning for pragmatics)
• Meaning of a sentence : 2 truth values: true and false
  - negation: truth valued is switched.
• Ambiguous: more than one meaning
  - words: lexically ambiguous
  - phrases: lexically ambiguous and/or structurally ambiguous
• Entailment
  - “I dance gracefully.” entails “I dance.”
• Contradictory
  - entails the negation of the other sentence.
Principle of compositionality
• “expression is composed of the meanings of its parts
  and how they are combined structurally.”
• Semantic rule : determine the meaning of a phrase or
  sentence based on its composition.
  - Rule one: meaning of NP (an individual) is a member
  of the meaning of VP (a set of individuals), then the S
  is true, otherwise it is false.
  Ex. “I dance”
  - Rule two: meaning of ( V NP) is the set of individual
                          VP

  X such that X is the first member of any pair in the
  meaning of V whose second member is the meaning
  of NP.
  Ex. “Jack kissed James”
Exceptions to principle of
           compositionality
• Anomaly: One or more words in a sentence do not
  have a meaning, so we can‟t understand the
  sentence and when individual words have
  meanings but cannot be combined together.
  Ex. “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously”
• Metaphor: requires a lot of creativity and
  imagination to the the meaning of the expression.
  Ex. “Time is money”
• Idioms: have fixed non-compositional meanings
  Ex. “It is raining cats and dogs”
Lexical semantics
Subfield of semantics that studies word
 meanings in a sentence and their
 relationships with each other

Example:
    “I saw my mother just now.”
Semantic Features
Tells about the characteristics and properties
  of a word
  Example:
  Mother                  Father
  +human                  +human
  +adult                  +adult
  +married                +married
  -male                   +male
Semantic Roles (thematic roles)
The noun phrases such as people and thing
 in the sentence at describes the role
 entities and that involves action

 Agent and Theme
 Instrument and Experiencer
 Location, Source and Goal
Lexical Relations
• Synonymy
• Antonymy
    – Gradable Pairs
    – Complimentary Pairs
•   Hyponymy
•   Polysemy
•   Metonymy
•   Homonyms
•   Homophones
•   Homographs
•   Heteronyms
Theories of meanings

• Reference
• Sense
• Coreferential
Pragmatics
• Understanding of language in context
• Aspect of meaning which cannot be found in the plain
  sense of words or structure.

• Speech Acts: many utterances are equivalent to
  actions
  - Locutionary acts: speech acts that have taken place
  - Illocutionary acts: real actions which are performed
  by utterance
  - Perlocutionary acts: effects of the utterance on the
  listener
• Conversational implication: how the hearers manage
  to work out the complete message when speaker
  mean more that they say
  Ex. “Have you got any cash on you?”
Pragmatics-cont.
•   Deixis: concerns the way in which languages encode and thus also
    concerns ways in which the interpretation of utterance depends on the
    analysis of that context of utterance
    „verbal pointing‟
    - Deictic expressions
      . Personal or possessive pronouns (I, you, mine, yours)
      . Demonstrative pronouns (this, that)
      . Spatial or temporal adverbs (here, there, now)
      . Other pro-forms (so, do)
      . Personal or possessive adjectives (my, your)
      . Demonstrative adjective (my, your)
      . Article (the)
    - primary deixis (deixis): used to point to a situation outside a text
    (situational deixis) or to the speaker‟s and hearer‟s (shared) knowledge
    of the world (knowledge deixis).
    - secondary deixis (endophoric deixis): refer either backwards or
    forwards to other elements in a text
      . Anaphoric deixis: backward pointing (such, said, similar, same)
      . Cataphoric deixis: forward pointing (the
    following, certain, some, this, these, several)
Reference
1.   Saeed, J. I. (2009). Semantics third edition. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell
     Publishing Ltd.
2.   Yule, G. (2010). The study of Language fourth edition. New York, USA:
     Cambridge University Press.
3.   Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. (2010). Introduction to Linguistic
     Philippine Edition. Pasig city, Philippines: Cenage learning Asia Pte. Ltd.
     (Philippines branch).
4.   Thomason, R. H. (1996, December). What is semantics?. Retrieved
     November 30, 2011 from the World Wide Web:
     http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~rthomaso/documents/general/what-is-
     semantics.html.
5.   Clark, B. Sentence Meaning. Retrieved November 30, 2011 from the
     World Wide Web: http://www.llas.ac.uk/resources/gpg/139.
6.   Bach, K. Ambiguity. Retrieved November 30, 2011 from the World Wide
     Web: http://userwuw.sfsu.edu/~kbach/ambiguity.html.
7.   Moore, A. (1999, March). Pragmatics and speech acts. Retrieved
     December 1, 2011 from the World Wide Web:
     http://www.teachit.co.uk/armoore/lang/pragmatics.htm#top.
8.   O‟Grady, W., Dobrovolsky, M. & Katamba, F. (1997). Contemporary
     Linguistics an Introduction. Hong Kong: Longman Asia Limited.

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Introducing Pragmatics
Introducing PragmaticsIntroducing Pragmatics
Introducing PragmaticsKailiya Amal
 
Lexical Relations By Nasir
Lexical Relations By NasirLexical Relations By Nasir
Lexical Relations By NasirDr. Cupid Lucid
 
Semantics (seven types of meaning)
Semantics (seven types of meaning)Semantics (seven types of meaning)
Semantics (seven types of meaning)AliAsghar276
 
deixis-and-distance
deixis-and-distancedeixis-and-distance
deixis-and-distanceSeemab Abbas
 
Halliday's model of language and discousre
Halliday's model of language and discousreHalliday's model of language and discousre
Halliday's model of language and discousreHuddaFayyaz
 
1. introduction to semantics
1. introduction to semantics1. introduction to semantics
1. introduction to semanticsAsmaa Alzelibany
 
Semantics chapter 2 saeed
Semantics chapter 2 saeedSemantics chapter 2 saeed
Semantics chapter 2 saeedpuri15
 
Pragmatics presentation
Pragmatics presentationPragmatics presentation
Pragmatics presentationMehwish Nazar
 
Lecture 3 implicature
Lecture  3 implicatureLecture  3 implicature
Lecture 3 implicatureAdel Thamery
 
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)Satya Permadi
 
Componential analysis ppt
Componential analysis pptComponential analysis ppt
Componential analysis pptAlveenaNazir
 

Tendances (20)

Introducing Pragmatics
Introducing PragmaticsIntroducing Pragmatics
Introducing Pragmatics
 
Sense relation
Sense relationSense relation
Sense relation
 
Lexical Relations By Nasir
Lexical Relations By NasirLexical Relations By Nasir
Lexical Relations By Nasir
 
Semantics (seven types of meaning)
Semantics (seven types of meaning)Semantics (seven types of meaning)
Semantics (seven types of meaning)
 
deixis-and-distance
deixis-and-distancedeixis-and-distance
deixis-and-distance
 
Halliday's model of language and discousre
Halliday's model of language and discousreHalliday's model of language and discousre
Halliday's model of language and discousre
 
Semantics
SemanticsSemantics
Semantics
 
SEMANTICS
SEMANTICS SEMANTICS
SEMANTICS
 
Reference and sense
Reference and senseReference and sense
Reference and sense
 
1. introduction to semantics
1. introduction to semantics1. introduction to semantics
1. introduction to semantics
 
Types of meaning
Types of meaning Types of meaning
Types of meaning
 
Deixis
DeixisDeixis
Deixis
 
Pragmatics
PragmaticsPragmatics
Pragmatics
 
Semantics chapter 2 saeed
Semantics chapter 2 saeedSemantics chapter 2 saeed
Semantics chapter 2 saeed
 
Pragmatics presentation
Pragmatics presentationPragmatics presentation
Pragmatics presentation
 
Lecture 3 implicature
Lecture  3 implicatureLecture  3 implicature
Lecture 3 implicature
 
Pragmatics
PragmaticsPragmatics
Pragmatics
 
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)
 
Componential analysis ppt
Componential analysis pptComponential analysis ppt
Componential analysis ppt
 
Lexical semantics
Lexical semanticsLexical semantics
Lexical semantics
 

En vedette

Semantics: Seven types of meaning
Semantics: Seven types of meaningSemantics: Seven types of meaning
Semantics: Seven types of meaningMiftadia Laula
 
Sense relations & Semantics
Sense relations & SemanticsSense relations & Semantics
Sense relations & SemanticsAfuza Shara
 
Semantics and meaning
Semantics  and meaning Semantics  and meaning
Semantics and meaning Richard Chasi
 
Semantics
SemanticsSemantics
Semanticskapandu
 
Word Meaning (Semantics)
Word Meaning (Semantics)Word Meaning (Semantics)
Word Meaning (Semantics)iluthfata
 
Unit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and Propositions
Unit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and PropositionsUnit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and Propositions
Unit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and PropositionsAshwag Al Hamid
 
Semactics : Utterance Meaning
Semactics : Utterance MeaningSemactics : Utterance Meaning
Semactics : Utterance MeaningPhi Pham
 
The Different Theories of Semantics
The Different Theories of Semantics The Different Theories of Semantics
The Different Theories of Semantics Nusrat Nishat
 
Semantic Modelling of User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis @ IS...
Semantic Modelling of  User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis @ IS...Semantic Modelling of  User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis @ IS...
Semantic Modelling of User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis @ IS...Martin Szomszor
 
Answer if you can..?
Answer if you can..?Answer if you can..?
Answer if you can..?Sapna Mahajan
 

En vedette (20)

Semantics
SemanticsSemantics
Semantics
 
Semantics: Meanings of Language
Semantics: Meanings of LanguageSemantics: Meanings of Language
Semantics: Meanings of Language
 
Semantics
SemanticsSemantics
Semantics
 
Semantics: Seven types of meaning
Semantics: Seven types of meaningSemantics: Seven types of meaning
Semantics: Seven types of meaning
 
Sense relations & Semantics
Sense relations & SemanticsSense relations & Semantics
Sense relations & Semantics
 
Semanticfieldtosemanticchange
SemanticfieldtosemanticchangeSemanticfieldtosemanticchange
Semanticfieldtosemanticchange
 
Semantics and meaning
Semantics  and meaning Semantics  and meaning
Semantics and meaning
 
Meaning
MeaningMeaning
Meaning
 
Semantics
SemanticsSemantics
Semantics
 
Word Meaning (Semantics)
Word Meaning (Semantics)Word Meaning (Semantics)
Word Meaning (Semantics)
 
Semantics ppt
Semantics  pptSemantics  ppt
Semantics ppt
 
Semantics 1
Semantics 1Semantics 1
Semantics 1
 
Semantics
SemanticsSemantics
Semantics
 
Unit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and Propositions
Unit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and PropositionsUnit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and Propositions
Unit 2: Sentences, Utterances, and Propositions
 
Semactics : Utterance Meaning
Semactics : Utterance MeaningSemactics : Utterance Meaning
Semactics : Utterance Meaning
 
The Different Theories of Semantics
The Different Theories of Semantics The Different Theories of Semantics
The Different Theories of Semantics
 
Semantics pdf
Semantics pdfSemantics pdf
Semantics pdf
 
Semantic Modelling of User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis @ IS...
Semantic Modelling of  User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis @ IS...Semantic Modelling of  User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis @ IS...
Semantic Modelling of User Interests Based on Cross-Folksonomy Analysis @ IS...
 
Answer if you can..?
Answer if you can..?Answer if you can..?
Answer if you can..?
 
MMMM
MMMMMMMM
MMMM
 

Similaire à Semantics: The Meaning of Language

unit I [Autosaved].ppt
unit I [Autosaved].pptunit I [Autosaved].ppt
unit I [Autosaved].pptMitikuTerefe
 
basic notions in linguistics
basic notions in linguisticsbasic notions in linguistics
basic notions in linguisticswilmeridiomasuce
 
introduction of linguidtics
introduction of linguidticsintroduction of linguidtics
introduction of linguidticsRolando Espinoza
 
ENGLISH SEMANTICS.pptx
ENGLISH SEMANTICS.pptxENGLISH SEMANTICS.pptx
ENGLISH SEMANTICS.pptxloantnu1
 
L6.GTC.Grammar.2021.pptx
L6.GTC.Grammar.2021.pptxL6.GTC.Grammar.2021.pptx
L6.GTC.Grammar.2021.pptxklnvosnv
 
328977061-English-Lexicology-2014 2015.pdf
328977061-English-Lexicology-2014 2015.pdf328977061-English-Lexicology-2014 2015.pdf
328977061-English-Lexicology-2014 2015.pdfMaryamAfzal41
 
Lecture 19 semantics
Lecture 19 semanticsLecture 19 semantics
Lecture 19 semanticsIwona Sikora
 
Semantics session 4_20_10_2021 Reference and Sense.pdf
Semantics session 4_20_10_2021 Reference and Sense.pdfSemantics session 4_20_10_2021 Reference and Sense.pdf
Semantics session 4_20_10_2021 Reference and Sense.pdfDr.Badriya Al Mamari
 
Linguistic tugas 1 pragmatic & semantic_dian agustini. - edited
Linguistic tugas 1 pragmatic & semantic_dian agustini. - editedLinguistic tugas 1 pragmatic & semantic_dian agustini. - edited
Linguistic tugas 1 pragmatic & semantic_dian agustini. - editedsoerdepoer
 
Semantics [Report in Language Study]
Semantics [Report in Language Study]Semantics [Report in Language Study]
Semantics [Report in Language Study]Jhoanna Lyn
 
Morphology and syntax
Morphology and syntaxMorphology and syntax
Morphology and syntaxSohaibisrar1
 
Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.
Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.
Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.TIYASHAROY
 

Similaire à Semantics: The Meaning of Language (20)

unit I.ppt
unit I.pptunit I.ppt
unit I.ppt
 
unit I [Autosaved].ppt
unit I [Autosaved].pptunit I [Autosaved].ppt
unit I [Autosaved].ppt
 
basic notions in linguistics
basic notions in linguisticsbasic notions in linguistics
basic notions in linguistics
 
Wilmer Rolando Espinoza
Wilmer Rolando Espinoza Wilmer Rolando Espinoza
Wilmer Rolando Espinoza
 
introduction of linguidtics
introduction of linguidticsintroduction of linguidtics
introduction of linguidtics
 
Wlimer Rolando Espinoza
Wlimer Rolando EspinozaWlimer Rolando Espinoza
Wlimer Rolando Espinoza
 
Morphology
MorphologyMorphology
Morphology
 
ENGLISH SEMANTICS.pptx
ENGLISH SEMANTICS.pptxENGLISH SEMANTICS.pptx
ENGLISH SEMANTICS.pptx
 
L6.GTC.Grammar.2021.pptx
L6.GTC.Grammar.2021.pptxL6.GTC.Grammar.2021.pptx
L6.GTC.Grammar.2021.pptx
 
328977061-English-Lexicology-2014 2015.pdf
328977061-English-Lexicology-2014 2015.pdf328977061-English-Lexicology-2014 2015.pdf
328977061-English-Lexicology-2014 2015.pdf
 
Pragmatics
Pragmatics Pragmatics
Pragmatics
 
Semantics lecture 2
Semantics   lecture 2Semantics   lecture 2
Semantics lecture 2
 
Pragmatics slide 1
Pragmatics slide 1Pragmatics slide 1
Pragmatics slide 1
 
Lecture 19 semantics
Lecture 19 semanticsLecture 19 semantics
Lecture 19 semantics
 
Semantics session 4_20_10_2021 Reference and Sense.pdf
Semantics session 4_20_10_2021 Reference and Sense.pdfSemantics session 4_20_10_2021 Reference and Sense.pdf
Semantics session 4_20_10_2021 Reference and Sense.pdf
 
Semantic
SemanticSemantic
Semantic
 
Linguistic tugas 1 pragmatic & semantic_dian agustini. - edited
Linguistic tugas 1 pragmatic & semantic_dian agustini. - editedLinguistic tugas 1 pragmatic & semantic_dian agustini. - edited
Linguistic tugas 1 pragmatic & semantic_dian agustini. - edited
 
Semantics [Report in Language Study]
Semantics [Report in Language Study]Semantics [Report in Language Study]
Semantics [Report in Language Study]
 
Morphology and syntax
Morphology and syntaxMorphology and syntax
Morphology and syntax
 
Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.
Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.
Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.
 

Plus de Jeffren Miguel

Writing the Narrative Paragraph
Writing the Narrative ParagraphWriting the Narrative Paragraph
Writing the Narrative ParagraphJeffren Miguel
 
The Epic (with Indarapatra & Sulayman)
The Epic (with Indarapatra & Sulayman)The Epic (with Indarapatra & Sulayman)
The Epic (with Indarapatra & Sulayman)Jeffren Miguel
 
Campus Journalism Act of 1991
Campus Journalism Act of 1991Campus Journalism Act of 1991
Campus Journalism Act of 1991Jeffren Miguel
 
Socio-Cultural Korea: A Photographic SlideShow
Socio-Cultural Korea: A Photographic SlideShowSocio-Cultural Korea: A Photographic SlideShow
Socio-Cultural Korea: A Photographic SlideShowJeffren Miguel
 
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
I Know Why the Caged Bird SingsI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
I Know Why the Caged Bird SingsJeffren Miguel
 
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
The Negro Speaks of RiversThe Negro Speaks of Rivers
The Negro Speaks of RiversJeffren Miguel
 
Language Development of Children with Down Syndrome
Language Development of Children with Down SyndromeLanguage Development of Children with Down Syndrome
Language Development of Children with Down SyndromeJeffren Miguel
 
20 common idiomatic expressions
20 common idiomatic expressions20 common idiomatic expressions
20 common idiomatic expressionsJeffren Miguel
 
Language Development of Children with Down Syndrome
Language Development of Children with Down SyndromeLanguage Development of Children with Down Syndrome
Language Development of Children with Down SyndromeJeffren Miguel
 

Plus de Jeffren Miguel (17)

Writing the Narrative Paragraph
Writing the Narrative ParagraphWriting the Narrative Paragraph
Writing the Narrative Paragraph
 
The Epic (with Indarapatra & Sulayman)
The Epic (with Indarapatra & Sulayman)The Epic (with Indarapatra & Sulayman)
The Epic (with Indarapatra & Sulayman)
 
pertinent report
pertinent reportpertinent report
pertinent report
 
Campus Journalism Act of 1991
Campus Journalism Act of 1991Campus Journalism Act of 1991
Campus Journalism Act of 1991
 
Socio-Cultural Korea: A Photographic SlideShow
Socio-Cultural Korea: A Photographic SlideShowSocio-Cultural Korea: A Photographic SlideShow
Socio-Cultural Korea: A Photographic SlideShow
 
The Dead Men's Path
The Dead Men's Path The Dead Men's Path
The Dead Men's Path
 
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
I Know Why the Caged Bird SingsI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
 
Africa's Plea
Africa's PleaAfrica's Plea
Africa's Plea
 
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
The Negro Speaks of RiversThe Negro Speaks of Rivers
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
 
Sexism in language
Sexism in languageSexism in language
Sexism in language
 
Morphology
MorphologyMorphology
Morphology
 
Phonetics
Phonetics Phonetics
Phonetics
 
Language Development of Children with Down Syndrome
Language Development of Children with Down SyndromeLanguage Development of Children with Down Syndrome
Language Development of Children with Down Syndrome
 
20 common idiomatic expressions
20 common idiomatic expressions20 common idiomatic expressions
20 common idiomatic expressions
 
Obstacles to reading
Obstacles to readingObstacles to reading
Obstacles to reading
 
Language Development of Children with Down Syndrome
Language Development of Children with Down SyndromeLanguage Development of Children with Down Syndrome
Language Development of Children with Down Syndrome
 
Amaterasu
AmaterasuAmaterasu
Amaterasu
 

Dernier

9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding TeamAdam Moalla
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IES VE
 
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK GuideIEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK GuideHironori Washizaki
 
All in AI: LLM Landscape & RAG in 2024 with Mark Ryan (Google) & Jerry Liu (L...
All in AI: LLM Landscape & RAG in 2024 with Mark Ryan (Google) & Jerry Liu (L...All in AI: LLM Landscape & RAG in 2024 with Mark Ryan (Google) & Jerry Liu (L...
All in AI: LLM Landscape & RAG in 2024 with Mark Ryan (Google) & Jerry Liu (L...Daniel Zivkovic
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxGDSC PJATK
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...Aggregage
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Commit University
 
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfVideogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfinfogdgmi
 
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Will Schroeder
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfJamie (Taka) Wang
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Adtran
 
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UbiTrack UK
 
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Juan Carlos Gonzalez
 
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimizationarrow10202532yuvraj
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024D Cloud Solutions
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1DianaGray10
 

Dernier (20)

9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
 
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK GuideIEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
IEEE Computer Society’s Strategic Activities and Products including SWEBOK Guide
 
All in AI: LLM Landscape & RAG in 2024 with Mark Ryan (Google) & Jerry Liu (L...
All in AI: LLM Landscape & RAG in 2024 with Mark Ryan (Google) & Jerry Liu (L...All in AI: LLM Landscape & RAG in 2024 with Mark Ryan (Google) & Jerry Liu (L...
All in AI: LLM Landscape & RAG in 2024 with Mark Ryan (Google) & Jerry Liu (L...
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
 
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfVideogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
 
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
 
20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
 
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
 
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
 
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
100+ ChatGPT Prompts for SEO Optimization
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
 
201610817 - edge part1
201610817 - edge part1201610817 - edge part1
201610817 - edge part1
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
 

Semantics: The Meaning of Language

  • 1. Meaning of Language: Semantic Lovely Mae Prieto Ye Jin Kim
  • 2. Terms • Semantics • Enduring • Pragmatics • Element • Ambiguity • Entity • Entailment • Feature • Contradictory • Agent • Compositionality • Theme • Anomaly • Denote • Metaphor • Instrument • Idioms • Experiencer • Pragmatics • Designate • Speech acts • perception • Conversational implication • Deixis
  • 3. Characteristics of semantics • Semantics - study of the meaning of linguistic expressions - aims to account for what is linguistically encoded - linguistic meaning: made up from the sum of the meanings of its parts - meaning of sentence: words + syntactic makeup - focus on literal meaning (non-literal meaning for pragmatics) • Meaning of a sentence : 2 truth values: true and false - negation: truth valued is switched. • Ambiguous: more than one meaning - words: lexically ambiguous - phrases: lexically ambiguous and/or structurally ambiguous • Entailment - “I dance gracefully.” entails “I dance.” • Contradictory - entails the negation of the other sentence.
  • 4. Principle of compositionality • “expression is composed of the meanings of its parts and how they are combined structurally.” • Semantic rule : determine the meaning of a phrase or sentence based on its composition. - Rule one: meaning of NP (an individual) is a member of the meaning of VP (a set of individuals), then the S is true, otherwise it is false. Ex. “I dance” - Rule two: meaning of ( V NP) is the set of individual VP X such that X is the first member of any pair in the meaning of V whose second member is the meaning of NP. Ex. “Jack kissed James”
  • 5. Exceptions to principle of compositionality • Anomaly: One or more words in a sentence do not have a meaning, so we can‟t understand the sentence and when individual words have meanings but cannot be combined together. Ex. “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” • Metaphor: requires a lot of creativity and imagination to the the meaning of the expression. Ex. “Time is money” • Idioms: have fixed non-compositional meanings Ex. “It is raining cats and dogs”
  • 6. Lexical semantics Subfield of semantics that studies word meanings in a sentence and their relationships with each other Example: “I saw my mother just now.”
  • 7. Semantic Features Tells about the characteristics and properties of a word Example: Mother Father +human +human +adult +adult +married +married -male +male
  • 8. Semantic Roles (thematic roles) The noun phrases such as people and thing in the sentence at describes the role entities and that involves action  Agent and Theme  Instrument and Experiencer  Location, Source and Goal
  • 9. Lexical Relations • Synonymy • Antonymy – Gradable Pairs – Complimentary Pairs • Hyponymy • Polysemy • Metonymy • Homonyms • Homophones • Homographs • Heteronyms
  • 10. Theories of meanings • Reference • Sense • Coreferential
  • 11. Pragmatics • Understanding of language in context • Aspect of meaning which cannot be found in the plain sense of words or structure. • Speech Acts: many utterances are equivalent to actions - Locutionary acts: speech acts that have taken place - Illocutionary acts: real actions which are performed by utterance - Perlocutionary acts: effects of the utterance on the listener • Conversational implication: how the hearers manage to work out the complete message when speaker mean more that they say Ex. “Have you got any cash on you?”
  • 12. Pragmatics-cont. • Deixis: concerns the way in which languages encode and thus also concerns ways in which the interpretation of utterance depends on the analysis of that context of utterance „verbal pointing‟ - Deictic expressions . Personal or possessive pronouns (I, you, mine, yours) . Demonstrative pronouns (this, that) . Spatial or temporal adverbs (here, there, now) . Other pro-forms (so, do) . Personal or possessive adjectives (my, your) . Demonstrative adjective (my, your) . Article (the) - primary deixis (deixis): used to point to a situation outside a text (situational deixis) or to the speaker‟s and hearer‟s (shared) knowledge of the world (knowledge deixis). - secondary deixis (endophoric deixis): refer either backwards or forwards to other elements in a text . Anaphoric deixis: backward pointing (such, said, similar, same) . Cataphoric deixis: forward pointing (the following, certain, some, this, these, several)
  • 13. Reference 1. Saeed, J. I. (2009). Semantics third edition. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2. Yule, G. (2010). The study of Language fourth edition. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press. 3. Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. (2010). Introduction to Linguistic Philippine Edition. Pasig city, Philippines: Cenage learning Asia Pte. Ltd. (Philippines branch). 4. Thomason, R. H. (1996, December). What is semantics?. Retrieved November 30, 2011 from the World Wide Web: http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~rthomaso/documents/general/what-is- semantics.html. 5. Clark, B. Sentence Meaning. Retrieved November 30, 2011 from the World Wide Web: http://www.llas.ac.uk/resources/gpg/139. 6. Bach, K. Ambiguity. Retrieved November 30, 2011 from the World Wide Web: http://userwuw.sfsu.edu/~kbach/ambiguity.html. 7. Moore, A. (1999, March). Pragmatics and speech acts. Retrieved December 1, 2011 from the World Wide Web: http://www.teachit.co.uk/armoore/lang/pragmatics.htm#top. 8. O‟Grady, W., Dobrovolsky, M. & Katamba, F. (1997). Contemporary Linguistics an Introduction. Hong Kong: Longman Asia Limited.