Morphology - the study of word formation

1. MORPHOLOGY
Valene Hope Cebuco
Jeffren Pancho Miguel

2. What is MORPHOLOGY?
System of categories and rules involved in
word formation and interpretation.
Two basic goals in studying
morphology
• To isolate the component parts of words
• To determine the rules by which words are
formed

3. THE SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES
The Eight Parts of Speech
• Noun
• Pronoun
• Verb
• Adjectives
• Adverb
• Prepositions
• Conjunctions
• Articles

4. MORPHEME
• It is a part of a word that change meanings,
make one part of speech into another, and show
such grammatical functions as tense and
plurality.
Example: buyers
{buy} + {er} + {s}

5. BOUND AND F RE E
M o r p h e me s
Bound Morphemes – cannot occur
unattached.
Free Morphemes – can stand on its own.
(root words and function words)
Ex. glasses
glass – free morpheme
-es – bound morpheme

6. FREE MORPHEMES
Lexical Category (content words)
• Noun
• Adverb
• Adjectives
• Verb
These syntactic categories are
also called
OPEN CLASS WORDS.

7. Grammatical Category (function)
• Pronoun
• Conjunction
• Preposition
• Article
These syntactic categories
are also called CLOSED
CLASS words

8. BOUND MORPHEMES
• Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes)
-derivational
-inflectional
DERIVATIONAL
Ex. Impossible
Im- deriv. Possible – root word

9. INFLECTIONAL
Eight inflectional affixes in English
• Plural ( -s, -es)
• Possesive (‘s)
• Comparative (-er)
• Superlative (-est)
• Tenses ( -s, -ed)
• Participle (-en, -ing)

10. MORPHOLOGY
Identifying the Morphemes
Word Free Open Inflectional Affix
Bound Closed Derivational (prefix)
(suffix)
(root)
Insensitivity -in Bound Derivational Prefix
- sense Free Open Root
- itive Bound Derivational Suffix
- ity Bound Derivational Suffix
Disengaged dis- Bound Derivational Prefix
engage Free Open Root
-d Bound Inflectional Suffix

11. Disengaged (verb)
dis - engaged (verb)
(v) engage -d

12. Insensitivity (noun)
insensitive (adj) - ity
in - sensitive (adj)
sense - itive

13. WORD ORIGINS
Etymology – the study of word origins.
Lexical gap – nonsense words

14. RULES ON WORD FORMATION
• Inheritance
• Neologisms (Creation de Novo)
• Blending
• Acronyms
– Initialism
– Reverse Acronym
• Creation by Shortening
•Derivation
- by affixation
- Without Affixation

15. • Compounding
• Eponyms
- based on personal names.
- based on geographical names.
- names from literature, myths,
and folklore.
- based on commercial brand
names.
• Other sources.