Models of Communication

1. MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION

2. A model is a graphic
representation designed
to explain the way a
variable works.

3. The Main Models of Communication:
 Linear Models
 Interactive Models
 Transactional Models

4. THE LINEAR MODELS

5. Aristotle’s Model

6. Aristotle’s Model

7. Aristotle argues we should look at
five elements of a communication
event to analyze how best to
communicate: speaker, speech,
occasion, target audience and
effect.

8. He also identified three elements
that will improve communication:
ethos (credibility), pathos (ability
to connect) and logos (logical
argument).

9. Lasswell’s Model

10. Lasswell’s Model

11. Lasswell’s Model tries to understand a
communication event by asking five
important questions. It looks at who
created the message (and what their
bias may be), what they said, the
channel they said it through (e.g. TV,
radio, blog), who they said it two, and
what effect it had on the receiver.

12. Shannon-Weaver’s Model

13. Shannon-Weaver’s Model

14. Shannon-Weaver’s Model sees communication
occurring in five key parts: sender, encoder,
channel, decoder, and receiver. It
emphasizes the importance of encoding and
decoding messages for them to be sent (e.g.
turning them into written words, morse code,
etc.). During the process of encoding, sending
and decoding, ‘noise’ occurs that can disrupt or
cloud a message.

15. Barrier or Noise is a term used to
express any interference in
communication between source and
receiver.

16. Communication Barriers:
 Physical barriers
 Psychological barriers
 Socio-cultural barriers
 Linguistic barriers
 Technical barriers
 Barriers due to information load

17. Berlo’s Model

18. Berlo’s Model

19. Berlo’s Model explains it in four steps:
Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver.

20. THE INTERACTIVE MODELS

21. Osgood-Schramm’s Model

22. Osgood-Schramm’s Model

23. Osgood-Schramm’s Model explores
communication that is equal and
reciprocal. It does not differentiate
between the sender and receiver,
but sees each as being in an equal
position as message encoders and
decoders.

24. The Westley
and
Maclean’s Model

25. The Westley and Maclean’s Model

26. The Westley and Maclean’s Model
embraces the importance of feedback
in communication. However, it also
emphasizes the important role of
environmental and cultural factors in
influencing communication.

27. THE
TRANSACTIONAL MODELS

28. Barnlund’s Transactional Model

29. Barnlund’s Transactional Model

30. Barnlund’s Transactional Model is a
model that explores interpersonal,
immediate-feedback communication.
Central to this approach is the idea
that feedback for the sender is the
reply for the receiver.

31. Barnlund highlights the role
of public cues which are
environmental cues, and private
cues which are a person’s personal
thoughts and background.

32. Dance’s Helical Model

33. Dance’s Helical Model

34. Dance’s Helical Model builds on
circular models by explaining how
we improve our messages over
time by using feedback.

35. Elements of Communication

36. Elements of Communication:
 Source
 Message
 Channel
 Receiver
 Noise
 Feedback

37. Thank you so much!

38. MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION