1. Making every journey better.
The fastest way.
Heathrow Airport
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Aviation Assignment No:1
AIRPORT: Planning
and Design.
Made and Presented By:-
Amal Tom
Month: JUNE
2020

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• Before going to the Topic let's talk about some basics:
1. what is an Airport?
An Airport is a complex of runways and buildings for the take-off, landing, and maintenance of civil
aircraft, with facilities for passengers and it is also a facility where passengers connect from ground
transportation to air transportation.
2. what is an Airfield?
Airfield is an area where an aircraft can land and take off, which may or may not be equipped with any
navigational aids or markings.
3. what is an airport planning?
Airport planning is a systematic process used to establish guidelines for the efficient development
of airports that is consistent with local, state and national goals. A key objective of airport planning is to
assure the effective use of airport resources in order to satisfy aviation demand in a financially feasible.
4. what is an Air transportation?
The movement of passengers and cargo by aircraft such as airplanes and helicopters. Air transportation
has become the primary means of common-carrier traveling. Air transportation also provides a
communication or medical link, which is sometimes vital, between the different groups of people being
served.

3. General:-
• General Airport planning is a systematic process
used to establish guidelines for the efficient
development of airports that is consistent with
local, state and national goals. A key objective of
airport planning is to assure the effective use of
airport resources in order to satisfy aviation
demand in a financially feasible manner. Airport
planning may be as broad based as the national
system plan or more centrally focused as an
airport master plan for a specific airport.
• The primary types of airport planning may
basically be classified as follows:
• National System Planning (NPIAS)
• State Airport System Planning (SASP)
• Metropolitan Airport System Planning
• Airport Master Planning
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Master Plan:-
For an individual airport, owners more closely identify
with the airport master plan for their airport. An airport
master plan represents the airport’s blueprint for long-
term development. A few of the goals of a master plan
are:
• To validate the plan technically and procedurally through investigation of concepts and
alternatives on technical, economic and environmental grounds.
• To establish a framework for a continuous planning process.
• To provide a graphic representation of existing airport
features, future airport development and anticipated land use.
• To identify a realistic financial plan to support the development
• To prepare and present a plan to the public that adequately addresses all relevant issues and
satisfies local, state and federal regulations.
• To establish a realistic schedule for implementation of the proposed development

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Definition:-
1.Concept of the ultimate development of a specific
airport, graphically presented with written report to
effectively convey the research and logic from
which the plan was evolved (ICAO Manual).
2.Long‐term development concept of an airport; an
embodiment of the airport’s strategic framework
and concept depicted graphically and documents
the data and logic upon which the plan is based.
3. Guidelines for future airport development to
satisfy aviation demands in a financially feasible
manner, while addressing aviation, environmental
and socioeconomic issues in the local community.
Features of Airport Master plan:-
 Establishing short and long range
policy/decision.
 Developing physical facilities of an airport –
aviation non‐aviation.
 Developing land uses surrounding airport.
 Determining environmental effects of airport
construction and operation.
 Establishing access requirements of the
airport.
 Identifying potential problems as
well as opportunities.
 Securing financial aid.
 Establishing basis for
negotiations of interests and
needs among aerodrome
authority, businesses and
community.

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1. Physical Factors
1. Development of
surrounding area
2. Ground accessibility
3. Presence of other
airports
4. Regional plan
5. Surrounding
obstructions
6. Use of airport
7. Availability of
aircrafts and airlines
8. Economy of
construction
9. Size, weight, speed
and thrust of an
aircraft
2. Environmental Factors
1. Topography
2. Soil condition
3. Drainage
4. Meteorological and
atmospheric condition
5. Visibility
6. Wind
7. Air and Water Pollution
8. Residential or sensitive
area
9. Availability of land for
expansion
10. Availability of utilities
AS PLANNING FOR BUILDING AN AIRPORT THERE ARE CERTAIN IMAPORTANT FACTORS TO BE
CONCIDERED. SO I DIVIDED THESE FACTORS IN FOUR SECTION FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:-
1. Approval from the
government
2. Approval from
DGCA
3. Approval from AAI
4. Approval from
meteorological
department
5. Approval from
regional
authorities.
3. Legal Factors 4. Financial Factors
1. Availability of high
budget
2. Availability of
investors.
3. Availability of more
than sufficient funds.
4. Cost of maintenance
5. Cost of development
6. Revenues

7. Airport projects are involved with many considerations and issues hence they are highly collaborative.
Designing of airport is taken up by architectural firms. The architects work in collaboration with civil
engineers to come up with the Airport Layout Plans. The experts come up with master plans which is
referred to for further developments.
To plan an airport, the AAI is concerned for three
approvals −
1.Technical Approvals
Review and approve Airport Layout Plan (ALP).
Review and acceptance of forecast.
Airspace and procedure changes.
Land acquisition.
2.Financial Approvals
Funding for the airport is approved once the
project gets clearance for safety, security,
capacity, and airport access systems.
3.Environmental Approvals
Review and assess environmental issues.
Find out solutions to address the environmental
problems.
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Planning an Airport
Airport planning is vital to understand problems
and potential environmental issues. Out of the
reactive and proactive planning methods, an
appropriate planning method is selected
depending upon the requirement.

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It includes the development of the land to build the terminals
and base, and building the infrastructure for the ancillary
facilities. All the infrastructural development is done in
accordance with the ICAO standards.
Airports need to have the infrastructure in place to provide efficient operations in
line with safety and security, allow aircraft to operate efficiently, minimize
inconvenience for passengers, and provide fast and reliable baggage systems. As air
traffic continues to grow, airports need to ensure that each system is flexible
enough to accommodate future requirements.

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• Characteristics of the aircrafts using the
airports.
• Sizes and number of gates used in the apron
area.
• Number and location of the taxiways,
configuration and runway exits.
• Availability and structure of the air-space for the
purpose of arrival and departure routes.
• Nature and existence of the navigational aids.
• Noise abatement procedure.
• Runway occupancy time for operation of
arrival and departure of aircraft.
• weather conditions and wind conditions
• Techniques used by the controller to operate
the runway system
• Frequency and existence of occurrence
of wake vortices.
• Number of arrival with respect to the
number of departure.

10. 10
The following criteria need to be considered while planning
and designing a terminal.
 Passenger flow and traffic peaking.
 Minimum walking distance.
 Level of service for passengers and sophistication.
 Performance standards.
 Area for Retailers: Duty free shops, food joints, and
spas.
 Area for Facility points such as Restrooms, ATM
machines, and kiosks.
 Easy access to retail area and facility points.
 Compatibility of facilities with aircraft
characteristics.
 Ability to handle changes in technology and
automation.
 Expandability for future growth.
 Area and processing time for checking-in,
immigration/customs clearance, baggage security
screening, and baggage delivery.

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1. Standard Linear
2. Curvilinear
3. Concourse
4. Pier
5. Star pier
6. Satellite
While talking about the
airport terminal
configuration there are
basically 6 types:-

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Layout Airport
1. Standard
Linear
Detroit Metropolitain (DTW)
2. Curvilinear Munich (MUC)
3. Pier Amsterdam (AMS), Chitose Airport Japan
(CTS), Los Angeles (LAX).
4. Concourse Atlanta International Airport (ATL), Al
Maktoum International Airport Dubai
(DWC), O’Hare International Airport
Chicago (ORD)
5. Star Pier Geneva Airport Switzerland (GVA),
Orlando International Airport, Florida
(MCO).
1 2
3 4 5

13. 13
 Plannig for an airport is not an easy task. It requires a lot of
or end no. Of efforts to establish a successful international
or domestic airport.
 Before going to build an airport there are obviously many
thinks that we should keep in mind as we discussed earlier.
 According to me planning and building an airport is one of
the toughest job a man can do as it's not really easy.
 I remember a phrase in English that will really suit in this
topic i.e. 'It is Easier Said than Done'.
 After going through this topic I really understood and hope
you may as well that its really complicated.
 The primary think that you really want before even thinking
of an airport is a lot of mony to invest and as well as
political support and power.
 If you fulfill both the primary objectives you are ready to
move ahead with you idea or plan for establishing a
successful airport.
 Hereby I conclude and putting an end to this topic.

14. THANK YOU!...
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“Good judgment comes from experience. Unfortunately,
the experience usually comes from bad judgment.”
#stay calm #stay strongAmal Tom