1. Hard scaping
Presented by:
Manisha Jindal
M Sc(Horti)
Floriculture and Landscaping Archi.
Junagadh Agriculture university
Junagadh Gujrat
2. Introduction
Hardscaping means – man made features used in landscape
It is most important and expensive part in the making of gardens.
Hard landscap means the creation of beautiful walkways, paths, walls,
terraces, and other elements of various structures .
Hard landscaping constitutes an important area in the formation of a garden.
Though these elements are attractive, the hard landscaping has to be sturdy
and functional. It has to visually merge the building with the rest of the
landscape.
Hardscaping is all about bricks and mortar. It takes care of spaces, proportion,
patios, driveway arbors and gates. it is employed in early stages of landscape to
render the area a desired shape and add-on features.
Hardscaping protects the soil by construction of vertical wall, pools, stone
benches or paved walkways the loosening and erosion of soil is considerably
webed.
3. The shape and style of hard landscaping has to merge into soft landscaping .
By proper planning and integrating the two great landscapes can be created.
The designer should be alert while preparing the hard landscape , the
structures and their sizes are very important and the required area should be
provide for sitting ,walking,eating and entertainment.
Pathways should be such that the guests may go through the most important
parts or spots of the garden from time to time ,all the focal points of hard
landscaping should be observed.
Hard landscaping includes building of pond, water fountains, water falls,
indoor fountains, figurines and water bodies.
4. Focal points of Hard Landscaping
Pergolas
terraces
Fountains
waterfalls
Rockeries
These focal points take on the responsibility to keep the
landscape live with the well crafted design and form till the
fresh planting grow, establish them, and impress upon us their
own individuality and contribution to making the garden
beautiful.
5.
6. Gravel and Cobbles
Gravels and cobbles are used as loose and in a fixed manner- gravels and cobbles
are same but cobbles are larger than gravel.
Both have severel uses. Both can be used anywhere, it could be informal paving
and are a visual link between the landscape and garden plants.
They can be used to enhance planting, rockeries and base of trees, for
decorative purpose to prevent soil erosion, on soil contours. Laying loose gravel
and cobbles would allow the tree roots to breathe, absorb water and to some
extent hold the soil.
The gravel requires to be retained by giving it some spport. A support can be
given by some sort of paving. In case it is near a soft surface like grass or
planting, a strong edge is required; this could be done by giving it a proper
attractive support by laying bricks on the edge. The bricks should be strong and
of good quality. The bricks are required to be set in mortar concrete; the gravel
should be within ½ inch of the top surface. If the gravel path touches the lawn,
the grass should be ½ inch above the brick; this would facilitate the running of
the mover along the top.
7. Cobbles are round or oval stones or larger gravels of up to 4 inch.
Normally 2-4 inch size cobbles are used.
Cobbles can be laid in various patterns and designs along with stones of
different sizes.
One way is to use them like gravel or pebbles.
This requires fixing the gravel in regular pattern instead of setting them
randomaly like gravels.
Since cobbles are bigger in size, they should be rammed or tamped
properly so that the higher edges are leveled well.
8. Paths and Drive
Paths are made with various materals. Flexibles pavers, bricks, gravel, and
cobbles are used for paths within the gardens and as for approach to gardens.
Paths are laid easily with brick in many patterns. Any pattern that looks good may
be selected.
Grass paths are made to link with the garden . These paths have to be wide
enough to take the wear and tear.
Stepping stone or path made of thick wood are also functional.
The path should lead somewhere; it could to a barbeque, a sitting area pond or
waterfall.
9. Different types of Paving
Brick Paths
Gravel Paths
Crazy Pavings
Ceramic Piles
Screening and Fences
Pergola
Arches
Trellises
Bird House
Bird Feeders
Bird Baths
Garden and landscape bridges
barbecues
10. Brick Paths
Bricks are best for laying paths.
Bricks always blend well in most gardens. They are
morden, rustic, or traditional.
Bricks always blend well in most gardens –they are
morden, rustic, or traditional.
11. Gravel Paths
It is relatively less expensive and
easy to layout, but if not laid
properly it also hurts.
Most donot realize that this is very
good for aqua pressure . Walking
on gravels bare footed relaxes body
and helps in many ways.
12. Crazy pavings
Crazy paving is a means of hard-
surfacing used outdoors, most
frequently in gardens.
Paving stones of irregular size
and shape are laid in a
haphazard manner sometimes
with mortar filling the gaps
between.
The method originated
in Ancient Rome.
13. Ceramic piles
Ceramic tiles are made of an earth
mixture which is high in clay, and fired
to become ceramic.
The process of building and firing such
houses was developed by Iranian
architect, Nader Khalili, in the late
1970s. he named it Geltaftan; "Gel",
means "clay", and "taftan", means
"firing, baking, and weaving clay" in
Persian.
it is permanent, water-resistant, and the
four elements: earth and water to build
the forms, and fire and air to finish
them
14.
15. Screening and
Fences
It is an important part of garden
Hedges or planting screens require time
to serve their purpose, febricated
screens are often prefered as they can be
set up faster and do not require much
maintenance though they are more
expensive than natural hedge
Now a days simple Fencing is availble.
Normally a brick wall proves to be the
best for security and privacy
Fencing and screening can be used as a
peripheral fence to separate the garden
from the house ; it could be expensive
and aesthetic.
17. Pergola
A pergola is a garden feature forming a shaded walkway,
passageway, or sitting area of vertical posts or pillars
that usually support cross-beams and a sturdy
open lattice, often upon which woody vines are trained.
The origin of the word is the Late Latin pergula,
referring to a projecting eave.It may also be an
extension of a building or serve as protection for an
open terrace or a link between pavilions.
They are different from green tunnels.
A pergola is a much larger and more open structure and
does not normally include integral seating.
18. An arch is a curved structure that spans a space and may or may not support weight above it.
Arch may be synonymous with vault, but a vault may be distinguished as a continuous arch forming a roof.
Arches
19. Trellises
Trellis may refer to: an architectural structure often used to
support plants
It is utilized in landscape as free standing to work as screens or
wind breaks . Mainly made from wood they can be designed in a
large range or shapes for various usuage, the lighter ones being
made from steel for supporting plants against already made wall
20. Bird houses
Birds are good friends of gardens. Apart
from being decorative elements of
gardens the bring joy to our lives.it is
decorative outdoors elements of a garden
Birdhouse can be made in many styles
and designs . They are made in several
shapes, generally from wood that is
colored attractively
21. Bird Feeders
A bird feeder, bird table, or tray feeder are
devices placed outdoors to supply bird
food to birds .
The success of a bird feeder in attracting birds
depends upon its placement and the kinds of foods
offered, as different species have different
preferences.
bird food, such as millet, sunflower (oil and
striped), safflower, Niger seed, and rapeseed or
canola seed to seed-eating birds.
Bird feeders often are used for birdwatching and
many people keep webcams trained on feeders
where birds often congregate some even live just
near the bird feeder.
22. Bird Baths
A bird bath is an artificial puddle or small shallow pond,
created with a water-filled basin, in which birds may drink,
bathe, and cool themselves.
A bird bath can be a garden ornament, small reflecting
pool, outdoor sculpture, and part of creating a vital wildlife
garden.
A bird bath is an attraction for many different species of
birds to visit gardens, especially during
the summer and drought periods.
Bird baths that provide a reliable source of water year round
add to the popularity and "micro-habitat" support.
23. Garden and Landscape Bridges
The Bridge is a proposed pedestrian bridge over the water body
Bridges form very important elements as accents.
The bridge could be made of water resistant wood, Cedar wood, Teak wood, fabricated
with steel frame and wooden planks.
The bridge are to connect one area of the garden to another, or add beauty and peace to
an outdoor area.
24. Barbecues
Barbecue is refer as a fireplace or pit for
grilling food, typically used outdoors and
traditionally employing used outdoors
and traditionally employing hot chorcoal
as the heating medium.
The utilty of it is limited during winter
months .
Simple concrete blocks can be used to
build it, use of firebricks which have
asthetic value and also suit the purpose
can be used.
