Cold war, Hungarian uprising, Korean War, Khrushchev, Berlin Wall, for Cambridge IGCSE History http://curriculumglobal.blogspot.com

2. Mao Zedong had
massive support
from all walks of life
in China.

3. In 1954, the
American
President
Eisenhower put
forward the
Domino Theory.
1. Changes in the US
and USSR leadership

4. Domino Theory
 the fall of a non-Communist state to Communism
would lead to the fall of other neighbouring non-
Communist states to Communism

5. USSR's first atomic bomb...
USSR exploded its first nuclear
weapon in Kazakhstan. Many
considered the test the beginning
of the nuclear arms race.
- aka "First Lightning" and "Joe-1“, it
had roughly the equivalent in yield
to the bomb USA had dropped on
Nagasaki. The successful Soviet
test came as a profound shock to
the West.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0dUIq8gHgc

6. Stalin's death in
1953
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MHQk_VQWhw
10:39

7. In 1953, Stalin
died and
Khrushchev
became the
Soviet leader.
He believed in
peaceful co-
existence, but
communism
could win at
last.

8. De-Stalinization!
- Denounced Stalin in his secret speech
- Denounced Stalin's cult of personality
- lessened censorship?

9. However...

10. One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich by
Solzhenitsyn
Doctor Zhivago by Pasternak

11. Space Race continued...
Sputnik (1957)

13. p.402
(a) Describe the
events in
Hungary in 1956.
[5]
(b) Why was there
hope that
Hungarians
could gain
freedom from
USSR in 1956?
[7]

14. THE HUNGARIAN UPRISING

16. THE
HUNGARIAN
UPRISING
the Hungarian people rose up in
revolt in 1956
Led by Nagy, the liberal Communist
leader of Hungary, the people
demanded free elections and the end
of Soviet domination
The Soviets responded to the Hungarian
revolt with tanks
The Soviets’ response
was swift and brutal
– 1000s of
Hungarians were
killed (including
Nagy) as the Soviets
reasserted control

18. Implications of the Hungarian
Uprising 1956?
Who won?
Who's being discredited?
What do we learn about Khrushchev?
Implications for other Soviet satellites?
"Let's Go Wash our
Hands in the Canal...""

19. THE COLD WAR TAKES
TO THE SKIES
The Space Race was
initially dominated by
the Soviets
On October 4, 1957,
they launched Sputnik,
the world’s first
artificial satellite
Sputnik traveled
around earth at 18,000
miles an hour, circling
the globe every 96
minutes

20. 1. Nuclear Race
Remember atomic
bombing of
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki?
The destruction was
massive!!

21. The number of nuclear weapons
of the two powers

22. The two countries had many nuclear tests during the Cold War…
Th

23. The American Nuclear Test
America conducted many tests during the
Cold War. One bomb was called the
Castle Bravo:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fd1IFjBNNVo

24. The Soviet Nuclear Test
One of the Soviet bombs was called Tsar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PbZnZ
y1qr8&feature=related
Effects of a test:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys2cEe
Y_qF4&feature=related

25. 1956 - Khrushchev's
'secret speech'
 He condemned the
policies of Stalin.
 He disagreed with
Lenin’s idea of war
and calls for
"peaceful
coexistence"

26. Space War
 On October 4, the Soviet
Union launches Sputnik,
the first man-made
satellite to orbit the Earth.
 In 1958, the U.S. creates
the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration,
and the space race is in
full gear.

27. In 1961, East Germany started to build the
Berlin Wall to stop East Germans from
escaping to West Germany.
East Germans
escaping to
West Berlin
2. The building of the Berlin Wall (1961)

28. 1961 - Berlin Wall
 On August 15,
communist
authorities begin
construction on
the Berlin Wall to
prevent East
Germans from
fleeing to West
Berlin.

29. building of the Berlin Wall

30. The Berlin Wall divided Berlin into two
West Berlin
East Berlin

31. (a) Describe how the Berlin Wall
affected the people living in Berlin.
- a physical barrier that split Berlin into two. There was
only one crossing point: Checkpoint Charlie
- West Berlin was cut off from East Berlin. Families
were divided. Some people were put in communist held
area and others in capitalist area.
- It stopped the movement of people. 100+ East
Berliners who tried to cross were shot.
- It took no account of roads and buildings.

32. Why was the Berlin Wall built?
- The Soviets built it to maintain the east-west
split and control the people within its sphere
and east European satellites.
- The west enjoyed a higher standard of living.
Intellectuals and skilled people left East
Germany for the West. This loss of citizens
was humiliating for communism. The wall was
to prevent refugees escaping to the west.
- Berlin was a focus of Cold War tensions with
Khrushchev trying to force the west out of
Berlin.
- The East German authorities said it was to
keep spies from the west out of East Berlin.

33. Kennedy’s visit to
Berlin in 1963
Kennedy opposed the building of the Berlin
Wall and sent more US troops to help defend
West Germany.

34. A cartoon about the
worsening Soviet-
American relations.
The Berlin problem
was a test of the
nerves between two
countries.

35. Rise & Fall of the Berlin Wall
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S169PQ
MwNmE
Intro → 9:00-
→ 19:19-23:20
→ 50:25:28

36. 1968 - Prague Spring
 On January 5, reformer
Alexander Dubcek came to
power as general secretary
of the Communist Party in
Czechoslovakia, pledging
reforms and
democratization
 The Prague Spring
movement swept across
the country.
 Soviet and Warsaw Pact
leaders sent 650,000
troops in August.
 Dubcek arrested and
hard-liners restored to
power.

37. 1975 -
Cambodia
 Communist Khmer Rouge
took power in Cambodia,
April 16 1975.
 Cambodia's educated and
urban population forced into
the countryside as part of a
state experiment in agrarian
communism.
 Under the regime of Pol Pot,
as many as 3 million
Cambodians died from 1975
to 1979.

38. 1979 - Afghanistan
 December 25, 100,000 Soviet troops
invaded Afghanistan as communist Babrak
Karmal seized control of the government.
 U.S.-backed Muslim guerrilla fighters
waged a costly war against the Soviets for
nearly a decade before Soviet troops
withdraw in 1988.
 Afghanistan—the Soviet “Vietnam”

39. 1983 - Star Wars
 March 23, Reagan outlined his Strategic
Defense Initiative, or "Star Wars," a
space-based defensive shield that would
use lasers and other advanced technology
to destroy attacking missiles far above
the Earth's surface.
 Soviets accuse the U.S of violating the
1972 Antiballistic Missile Treaty.
 Soviets forced to spend heavily to match
the program causing near economic
collapse.

40. Improved Sino-American
relations!
Ping-pong diplomacy
(1971)!