11. Properties of Liquid Fuels in Energy Engineering.pdf
Building Technology 1 Assignment 2 - Construction Solutions
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia (MASSA)
Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture)
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [BLD61403/ARC3514 / ARC3512]
ASSIGNMENT 2:
NAME: LIM JOE ONN
STUDENT ID: 0318679
TUTOR: MR KHAIROOL AIZAT
CONSTRUCTION
SOLUTIONS
2. INTRODUCTION
FAÇADE PRECEDENT STUDY 1 – COCOON HOUSE, VIETNAM
FAÇADE PRECEDENT STUDY 2 – LE NOUVEL, KL
FLOOR PRECEDENT STUDY – EPIC HOMES
ROOF PRECEDENT STUDY – VILLA SANUR, BALI
FAÇADE PROPOSAL 1 – VENTILATION BLOCKS
FAÇADE PROPOSAL 2 – INDIRECT SYSTEM WITH PLANTER BOXES
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE LOCATIONS
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1 – ROOF GARDEN
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 2 – READING AREA
CONTENT
3. INTRODUCTION
In the module of Architectural
Studio 5, I designed a community
library in the heart of the humid
tropical metropolis of Kuala
Lumpur. The site is a narrow strip of
land right next to an old shopping
street.
The proposed library has an
estimated area of 1200 square
metres and is 5 stories tall excluding
its roof garden.
Its design aims to tackle two major
issues of the site, namely the
demand for an education centre
and lack of greenery. Thus, the
design focuses on softscape and
vernacular elements.
As for this module, we are to
propose a roof system and two
alternative façade designs.
PROJECT NAME:
VERTICAL PARK LIBRARY
SITE: JALAN TUANKU ABDUL
RAHMAN, KUALA LUMPUR
4. COCOON HOUSE, VIETNAM
Architects: Ta Tien Vinh and Truong Tuan Chung
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES REASON FOR SELECTION
Advantages:
Simple to prefabricate and build,
promising rapid construction
Great flexibility to customization and
design
High thermal mass, providing cooling
effect to building interior
Allows maximum ventilation
Ease of maintenance
Disadvantages:
Smaller and higher number of
components
Repetitive work during construction
Application of vent blocks adapts the building to
its tropical context by maximizing cross
ventilation throughout its façade. It too gives a
sense of privacy as well as ample shading from
sun and rain.
Ventilation blocks are a trend in tropical regions
due to its aesthetics and functionality. It has a
long history as a traditional building module in
areas with hot climate as they provide climatic
comfort and protection.
FAÇADE PRECEDENT STUDY 1
This house is renovated from an older building that is narrow and clustered. The old balconies at both ends of
the house were skinned with precast concrete ventilation blocks. Two varieties of vent blocks alternate
randomly with the patterned one at higher frequency. The space inside the skin was left for rain, wind and
sunlight to pass through. Its design is inspired from a cocoon, where the expressive façade allows access to
nature but with security and privacy considerations.
MATERIALS USED
Precast concrete ventilation blocks, Cement mortar
METHOD OF
CONSTRUCTION
Concrete blocks are
precast and sent to site.
The blocks are then laid
onto one another with
cement mortar as
adhesive component.
Precast concrete vent
blocks
Similar method of applying
mortar to blocks
5. LE NOUVEL, KUALA LUMPUR
Architect: Jean Nouvel
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES REASON FOR SELECTION
Advantages:
Reduces noise level within building
Provides insulation, thus decreasing
air-conditioning requirement
Improved air quality
Visually pleasing and soothing
Disadvantages:
Requires costly nutrient, pruning
and irrigation equipment
High maintenance and construction
cost
The design of Vertical Park Library holds the
principle of resurrecting nature to the site,
which needs more shade and greenery. A
green wall forms a barrier between the
library’s interior and its chaotic surrounding,
hence improving its sound and air quality.
Covering a façade with flora gives a positive
psychological impact to pedestrians of the
dystopian, heavily-urbanized site which lacks
tranquil softscape.
Situated right next to KLCC, Le Nouvel is a dual-tower luxury residence with a façade integrating lush tropical
greenery into a heavily urbanized context. Its façade is a combination of vertical rectangular aluminum posts and
horizontal cable rods that allow vines to grow onto it. Planter boxes are placed irregularly between the posts.
The typology of this façade falls under ‘indirect system with planter boxes’. Climber plants are kept away from
the walls by cable supporters. The cable system suits faster growing plants with denser foliage. As time progresses,
the growing plants will cover the façade entirely.
FAÇADE PRECEDENT STUDY 2
MATERIALS USED
Cable rod, Rectangular hollow steel post, Aluminum planter boxes, Creeper and flowering plants, Fertile soil
(soil, peat and sand in the ratio 7:3:2 by volume)
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
The system is made up of the
following components: containers,
insulated containers, maintenance
remote automated irrigation and
fertilization systems, and wall
mounting system. Tensile cable rods
extend from permanent vertical
steel beams. Plants grow from
planter boxes, covering the façade.
Water
drainage
from poly
pipes
Reinforced
concrete
column
Zinc plated
handrail
Aluminum
planter box
Zinc-coated
aluminum
Aluminum
grid rail
Cable rod
Plants
6. EPIC HOMES (THROUGHOUT MALAYSIA)
Architect: Ben Phua
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES REASON FOR SELECTION
Advantages:
Allowing passive design ventilation
as air flows freely through the gaps
between timber planks
Simple and lightweight for
construction
Rapid construction and lower costs
due to prefabrication
Wooden floors do not retain much
heat nor conduct heat
Disadvantages:
Susceptible to fire as they lose
strength at high temperatures
Prone to corrosion at marine
environments
The houses’ design is suitable for tropical
climates similar to our current site. It drew
inspiration from traditional Malay attap
houses by standing on stilts, allowing cool air
to enter below via gaps between timber
planks and hot air to be removed from the
top of the house.
The theme for Vertical Park Library
emphasizes on vernacular architecture and
living lightly on the site. Timber does not
retain heat, decreasing heat gain of the
building. Simple steel structures are
conventional and readily-available, thus cost
and time efficient.
FLOOR PRECEDENT STUDY 1
Specially designed for ease of assemble and rapid construction, EPIC homes are modular houses built throughout
Malaysia for the needy in remote areas. Its steel post and beam structural design with wooden floor finishing is
lightweight and portable, making it efficient to build.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
The floor structure is made up of
beams that extend from columns
with brackets at intervals. The
secondary structure, which are
timber beams, are locked in these
brackets. Wooden planks are then
nailed onto the timber beams
beneath.
MATERIALS USED
Hollow steel beams, Chengal timber beams, Chengal timber planks, Nails
Hardwood timber
planks and beams
Steel beam with
brackets
7. VILLA SANUR, BALI, INDONESIA
Architect: Paul Koodravsev
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES REASON FOR SELECTION
Advantages:
Utilizes local, renewable materials
Inexpensive
Waterproof and weather resistant
Ideal for places with hot climates
due to good insulation
Environment friendly as materials
needed are grown and harvested
with little machinery
Disadvantages:
Combustible if fire occurs
Labour intensive
Thatch is not a standard product,
each roof will vary slightly
Thatched roofs have existed in our tropical
country since its early history, thus best
represents our indigenous heritage in
architecture, which fits the library’s theme of
reviving vernacular elements.
Craftsmen and materials needed for its
construction is easily available locally,
making it sustainable and efficient.
ROOF PRECEDENT STUDY 1
Villa Sanur is a complex of small villas and verandahs with traditional thatched roofs scattered on a 24000 m2
site. Its approach is highly localized and vernacular, an interpretation of a traditional Balinese compound. Design
emphasis was placed upon the openness of living areas to the garden. Water was an integral part of the
landscape design and rare palm species are used. To fit its theme, its construction fully utilized locally-available
materials and craftsmanship. Thus, explaining the villa’s abundant use of thatched roofs.
MATERIALS USED
Nipa palm leaves, Bamboo, Manila rope, Timber beams and columns
METHOD OF
CONSTRUCTION
Bamboo rafters are tied to the
ridge and purlin members of the
roof. The ladder lashing
technique is used to attach the
dried palm leaves to the
bamboo rafters. A series of
knots were tied from one end to
another, zigzagging through the
rafters that keep the leaves
intact.
Dried Nipa palm leaves
Bamboo 5 years of age
treated with boric acid
8. FAÇADE PROPOSAL 1
FRONT ELEVATION
scale 1:100
Façade entirely covered with prefabricated precast concrete
ventilation blocks, each attached to one another via cement
mortar. Metal plates extend from steel I-beams at each floor,
adding extra support to the repetitive blocks by countering
lateral forces.
Precast concrete ventilation blocks
Planter box
Horizontal metal plate
Steel I-column
10. FAÇADE PROPOSAL 2
FRONT ELEVATION
scale 1:100
Façade composes of repeated vertical rectangular hollow steel
posts and horizontal cable rods that guide the growth of
creeper and flowering plants from planter boxes. Complex
irrigation and fertilization systems maintain the façade.
Planter box
Creeper plants
Cable rod
Rectangular hollow steel post
Steel I-column
13. SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1ROOF GARDEN
scale 1:30
Nipa palm thatch
Manila rope
Dried bamboo purlin
Poly irrigation pipe
Horizontal
cable rod
Chengal wood
flooring
Rectangular
hollow steel rod
Waterproof sealant
Timber secondary beam
Each bamboo purlin is
drilled with holes and
clamped between two
hinges on a steel
rafter. Nuts and bolts
secure the purlins to
the permanent hinges.
Stainless steel
L-connector
brackets
Stainless steel
L-connector
brackets
Stainless steel hinge
Steel rafter
Aluminum
planter box
Steel I-beam
Vertical hollow steel rods
extend from horizontal
beams. Cable rods run
horizontally for creeper
plants to grow on.
Brackets secure planter
boxes.
Atrium
14. SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 2 READING AREA
scale 1:30
Steel I-columns
Stainless steel
L-connector
brackets
Rivet
Gusset plate
Precast concrete
ventilation
blocks
Aluminum
L-plate
Timber
beam
Timber beams are slotted
between brackets
Aluminum L-plates
run horizontally to
counter lateral forces
on the vent block wall
Chengal wood
flooring
Steel post and
beam system
with wooden
floor finishing
Gusset plate
I-columns
extend to
pad footings
below
Steel I-beam
Waterproof
sealant