5. BASIC FIRST AID
Includes self-help &
home care
Mean the difference between
life & death
Improper first aid can do more
harm than good
6. BASIC FIRST AID
ROLES of FIRSTAID
It is a bridge that fills the gap
between the victim & physician
It is not intended to compete with
or take place the services of the
physician
It ends when the services of the
physician begins
7. BASIC FIRST AID
OBJECTIVES of FIRSTAID
To save lives
To prolong life
To alleviate suffering
To prevent further damage
8. BASIC FIRST AID
CHARACTERISTICS of a
GOOD FIRSTAIDER
Gentle – does not cause pain
Observant – notices all signs
Resourceful – makes the best of things at
hand
Tactful – not frighten the victim
Sympathetic – comforts & reassures the
victim
9. BASIC FIRST AID
PRINCIPLES of FIRSTAID
DOs in giving First Aid
DO stay calm
DO reassure & comfort the victim
DO check for a medical bracelet
indicating a condition
DO loosen any tight clothing
DO keep the victim covered to
reduce shock
10. BASIC FIRST AID
PRINCIPLES of FIRSTAID
DON’Ts in giving First Aid
DON’T give food & drink to an
unconscious person
DON’T move an injured person
unless you need to place him/her in
the recovery position
16. 1. Is anyone
in danger?
2. Move to the
quietest
victim?
3. Open the
airway
4. Check for
Breathing
5. Look for
signs of
circulation
Start Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)
(Combine rescue
breathing with Chest
Compressions)
Continue Rescue
Breathing
Check for signs of
Circulation every minute
Steps in assessing
EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS
17. SIGNS
Discovered by
applying our
senses – SIGHT,
TOUCH,
HEARING &
SMELL
Difference between
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SYMTPOMS
Sensations that
the victim FEELS
or
EXPERIENCES
&
may be
able to
18. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
PRIMARY SURVEY
Used when the victim is unconscious & to
find out & immediately treat life-threatening
conditions
SECONDARY SURVEY
Used when the victim is conscious or has
revived. It aims to detect everything about
the patient’s condition
19. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Consciousness
Open the Airway
Check for Breathing
Check for Circulation
20. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
SECONDARY SURVEY
History Taking
SAMPLE PAIN
Checking for Vital Signs
a. Pulse Rate
b. Temperature
c. Respiration
d. Skin Color
Head to Toe Examination
Head & neck, eyes, chest,
abdomen, & back
23. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Consciousness
1.Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you
okay?” while carefully shaking the
victim’s shoulder.
2.When there is no response, not even
mumbles or groans, the victim is
unconscious & in need of immediate
medical help.
24. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
PRIMARY SURVEY
Open the Airway
1.The victim’s unconsciousness maybe
due to an obstruction in his/her airway
2.Find out if there is loss of muscular
control in the throat area
3. Lift the chin & tilt the head of the victim
25. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Breathing
Put your face near the victim’s mouth &
look, listen, & feel for breathing
OBSERVE:
Chest movement
Sound breathing
Feel of breath on cheek
26. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Circulation
1.Locate pulse using your middle & index
finger
2.Poor blood circulation may be reflected
on pale skin.
THIS is FATAL
3.To revive circulation, perform CPR
immediately
29. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
SECONDARY SURVEY
History Taking
S ymptoms (chief complaint of patient)
A llergy (allergic to anything)
M edication (medicines currently taking)
P revious illness (that may be related to problem)
L ast meal (only for subject to operation)
E vents (prior to what happened)
P eriod of pain (how long? What started it?)
A rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
I ntensity (how painful? Scale from 1 to 10)
N ullify (what stopped it?)
30. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
SECONDARY SURVEY
Checking for Vital Signs
a. Pulse Rate
adult 60 – 70/min
children over 7y/o
children 1-7y/o
infants
b. Temperature
normal - 37⁰C
c. Respiration
80 – 90/min
80 – 120/min
110 – 130/min
adult
infants
12 – 20 breaths per minute
40 breaths per minute
d. Skin Color
31. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
SECONDARY SURVEY
Head to Toe Examination
Head & neck, eyes, chest,
abdomen, & back
Check for bleeding, bruises, fracture,
dislocation, lumps, movement, etc.
33. DRESSING & BANDAGES
DRESSING
A piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection
and/or to stop bleeding
COLD COMPRESS
Used to reduce swelling & relieve pain especially for sprains &
strains
BANDAGES
Used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds &
burns; and providing support for immobilization for broken
bones
34. DRESSING & BANDAGES
WOUNDS
PUNCTURE (Pagbutas)
Piercing wound caused by nails, needles & other pointed objects
ABRASION(Hadhad)
Caused by rubbing or scraping against a rough surface
LACERATION (Laslas)
Blunt break or tearing of tissues
INCISION(Paghiwa0
Cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object
AVULSION (Pagkalagot)
Forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues
39. DRESSING & BANDAGES
TRANSPORTING an injured person to a safer
place requires great care.
Factors to consider:
- Weight & height of victim
- Status of victim (conscious or unconscious)
- Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or wide)
- Special need considerations (injuries of the victim)
40. DRESSING & BANDAGES
ONE-MAN CARRY
Fireman’s Carry
Easiest way to transport a light & smaller victim
Piggy Back
When the victim is conscious
Pack Strap Carry
When the victim is smaller than the first aider
Shoulder Drag
Used when the floor is smooth, short distance transport
Fireman’s Drag or Tied-hands Crawl
Used when first aider & victim must crawl under a low structure
Blanket Drag
Used when victim is seriously injured & can’t be lifted
41. DRESSING & BANDAGES
TWO-MAN CARRY
Chair or Seat Carry
When there are two first aiders & a chair is available
THREE or MORE-MAN TRANSPORT
Hammock Carry
When there are three first aiders
Bearer Along Side
Carriers will stay on the uninjured side of the victim
Six Man Lift and Carry
When there are six first aiders
44. FRACTURE
A break or crack in a bone
An open fracture pierces
the skin surface
A closed fracture when the
skin is intact
DISLOCATION
Is a partial or complete
displacement of the bone
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
45. FRACTURE
FIRSTAID
1. Check vital signs
2. Do not move injured
part
3. Stop bleeding if
there is any
4. If you have to move
the person,
immobilized the
broken part with
splinting
DISLOCATION
FIRSTAID
1. Call for help immediately
2. Splint the affected part
3. Do not try to move a
dislocated part or force it
back into place
4. Apply ice on the injured
part to reduce swelling
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
46. SPRAIN
Is an injury of the ligament
of a bone due to
accidental tearing or
overstretching
FIRSTAID
STRAIN
Is an injury to the muscles
which is a result of
improper use of the
muscles
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
1. Rest injured part
2. Apply Ice
3. Compress the injured part
4. Elevate the injured part
47. HEAT
EXHAUSTION
Is caused by loss of salt
and water due to
excessively high
temperature. This may
lead to heatstroke and
even death
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
1. Transport a victim to a
cooler place
2. Give him/her plenty of
water
3. Check for vital signs
4. Seek medical help
48. FOOD
POISONING
Is caused by
consuming food or
drink that is
contaminated with
bacteria or viruses
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
1. Help the person to lie down
and rest
2. Give him plenty of flavourless
fluids to drink and a bowl to use
if he vomits
3. Call for medical help if the
condition worsens
49. CHOKING Results when a foreign obj
blocks the throat
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
1. Ask the person if he is choking
2. Encourage him/her to cough
3. When the person cannot speak or stops coughing, give him
five back blows. Stand behind him and help him lean forward. Support his
chest with one hand, and give five sharp blows between the shoulder blades
with the heel of your hand
4. If back blows fail, try abdominal thrusts. Stand behind the person
and put your arms around the upper part of his abdomen. Clench your fist with
thumbs inward. Place it between navel and the bottom of breastbone. Grasp
your fist with your other hand. Pull sharply inwards and upwards up to five times.
5. Check his mouth. If obstruction is not cleared, repeat the back blows and
abdominal thrusts.
6. If obstruction still has not cleared, call for an ambulance.
Continue until help arrives.
50. DROWNING
Happens when air
cannot get into the
lungs because of
water. It can cause
immediate death when
taken for granted
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
1. Lay the person down on his back
2. Check breathing and open airway
3. Give rescue breaths and chest
compression, if necessary
4. If the person is breathing, place
him in the recovery position
5. Treat for hypothermia by removing
wet clothing and covering him with
a dry blanket
51. HEART
ATTACK
Is caused by a sudden
obstruction of blood
supply to the part of
the heart muscles
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
1. Help the person sit or lie
down with head elevated.
2. Call for medical help
3. If the person is conscious,
give him a full-dose aspirin
and advise him to chew it
slowly
4. Constantly monitor the vital
signs. Be prepared to give
rescue breaths and chest
compression
52. CHEMICAL
BURNS
May occur when
electricity passes
through the body
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
1. Make sure that contact with
electrical source is broken
2. Flood the sites of injury at the entry
and exit points of the current with
plenty of cold water
3. Wear disposable gloves and place
a sterile dressing or a bandage
over the burn to protect it from
airborne infection
4. Call for medical help
5. Reassure the victim and treat for
shock
53. BURNS
Are often due to
domestic incidents
such as touching a hot
iron, friction (rope
burn) or spilling boiling
water on the skin
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
MINOR BURNS
1. Flood the injured area with
cold water for at least how
long to stop the burning
and relieve pain
2. Put on gloves and cover
the area with sterile non-
adhesive dressing or
bandage
54. BURNS
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
SEVERE BURNS
1. Help the person to lie down and prevent the burnt area
from coming into contact with the ground. Douse the burn
with plenty of cold liquid
2. Seek for medical assistance. Do not delay medical help
3. Wear disposable gloves and gently remove any rings,
watches, belts, shoes, or smouldering clothing before the
tissues begin to swell
4. Carefully remove any burnt clothing, unless it is sticking
on the skin. Cover the burnt area with non-adhesive dressing or
bandage
5. Continue to monitor vital signs
6. Reassure casualty and treat for shock.
55. Is caused by a failure
of the “thermostat” in
the brain to regulate
body temperature.
When this happens,
the body becomes
seriously heated
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
HEAT STROKE 1. Move the person immediately to a cool
place
2. Remove as much of his outer clothing as
possible
3. Call for medical help
4. Wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet and
keep the sheet wet until his temperature
drops to 38 °C or 37.5°C under the
tongue and armpit, respectively
5. If the person has returned to normal
temperature, replace wet sheet with dry
one
6. Monitor vital signs until help arrives
7. If temperature rises, repeat the cooling
process
56. STROKE
Is a condition in
which the blood
supply to a part
of the brain is
suddenly and
seriously
impaired by a
blood clot or
ruptured blood
vessel
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRSTAID
1. If the person is conscious, help him to lie
down with his head and shoulders slightly
raised and supported
2. Incline his head to the affected side and
place a towel on his shoulder to absorb
any dribbling
3. Call for help
4. Loosen any tight clothing
5. Monitor vital signs and reassure the victim
6. If the victim is unconscious, give rescue
breathing and chest compression
7. Call for an ambulance or call for help
60. 1. It is an immediate &
temporary care given to a
person who suddenly gets ill or
or injured.
A. First Aid C. CPR
B. Emergency D. Survey
61. 2. All, but one, are
characteristics of a first aider.
A. Creative
B. Tactful
C. Gentle
D. Resourceful
62. 3. Which is a DO in giving first
aid?
A. DO tell the victim his injuries
B. DO stay calm
C. DO give food and water
D. DO move the victim
63. 4. A survey used when the victim
is unconscious & to find out &
immediately treat life-
threatening conditions
A. Secondary C. Tertiary
D. Major
B. Primary
64. 5. A survey used when the
victim is conscious or has
revived. It aims to detect
everything about the patient’s
patient’s condition
A. Tertiary
B. Primary
C. Secondary
D. Major
65. 6. What is the normal body
temperature of a person?
A. 37.5°C
B. 36°C
C. 37°C
D. 38°C
66. 7. What is the ideal pulse rate
for adult at rest?
A. 80-100 bpmC. 60-80 bpm
B. 50-70 bpm D. 60-70 bpm
67. 8. What is a normal respiration
rate for an adult at rest?
A. 15-25breaths
B. 20-30breaths
C. 10-15breaths
D. 12-20breaths
68. 9. It is a piece of
sterile cloth that covers a wound
to prevent
infection.
A. Dressing
B. Bandages
C. Compress
D. Splint
69. 10. A triangular cloth used to
apply pressure to control
bleeding.
A. Dressing
B. Bandages
C. Compress
D. Splint
70. For #s 11-20.
TRUE or FALSE.
Write T if the statement is
TRUE and F if not.
71. 11. First aid acts as a bridge
that fills the gap between the
victim & physician
T or F
72. 12. Hot compress is used to
reduce swelling and relieve
pain.
T or F
73. 13. First aid’s role is to compete
with or take place the services
services of the physician
T or F
74. 14. Signs are what an
observant see while symptom
is what the person feels.
T or F
75. 15. The objectives of first aid
are to save lives, prolong life,
alleviate suffering, and prevent
further injuries.
T or F
76. 16. A puncture wound is
caused by rubbing or scraping
against a rough surface.
T or F
77. 17. An incision wound is a cut
caused by knife, broken glass or
any sharp object.
T or F
78. 18. Blanket drag is done by
putting the victim on the
shoulders of the first aider.
T or F
79. 19. The weight and height of
the victim should be
considered in transporting
him/her.
T or F
80. 20. Hammock carry is done
when there are three or more
first aiders to transport the
victim.
T or F
84. 25. An injury caused by failure
of the “thermostat” in the
brain to regulate body
temperature.
A. Heat Stroke
B. Heart Attack
C. Stroke
D. Choking
85. 26. It results when a foreign
object blocks the airway.
A. Heat Stroke
B. Heart Attack
C. Stroke
D. Choking
86. 27. It is caused by a sudden
obstruction of blood supply to the
part of the heart muscle.
A. Heat Stroke
B. Heart Attack
C. Stroke
D. Choking
87. 28. A condition where the
blood supply to the brain is
impaired by a blood clot.
A. Heat Stroke
B. Heart Attack
C. Stroke
D. Choking
88. were burned by touching a
hot iron, rope burn or by
spilled boiling water.
A. Flood with cold water
B. Put toothpaste
C. Cover with cotton
D. Ask victim to lie down
89. 30. When a person in choking,
ALL but one should be done.
A. Encourage him to cough
B. If conscious, ask to lie down
C. Give back blows
D. Do abdominal thrusts
