03 Chemistry Recap
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This document provides an overview of basic chemistry concepts including: - Subatomic particles involved in chemical reactions are valence electrons. - Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. - The periodic table can be used to understand patterns in elements like Bohr diagrams and Lewis dot structures. - Stable atoms have paired electrons and full energy levels. - Examples of physical properties of substances like water and how polarity arises in some covalent molecules are discussed.
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03 Chemistry Recap
- 2. In your lab notebook, please answer as best you can: 1. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions? • VALENCE electrons (electrons in the outermost energy level) 2. A molecule in which electrons are shared by two or more atoms has which type of bond? (ionic, covalent, hydrogen, or metallic) • Covalent bond 3. Draw a Bohr Model diagram of a stable, neutral Lithium atom. 4. Draw a Lewis Dot Structure of a stable, neutral Lithium atom. 5. What makes for a happy atom (stable/unreactive)? • Paired electrons and full energy levels (filled valence electron shell) Bonus Question: What are the building blocks of matter? Atoms Review Quiz 3 H H H H
- 3. Chemical Bonding - Ionic, Covalent, Metallic Review
- 4. Periodic Table of Elements - Bohr Diagrams • What similarity do you see among periods (horizontal rows)?
- 5. Periodic Table of Elements - Lewis Dot Structures • Can you see the patterns among the groups (vertical columns)?
- 6. Protons, Electrons = Neutrons = rounded Atomic Mass minus Atomic Number (11 – 5 = 6) M.P. = Melting Point (2076 °C) B.P. = Boiling Point (3927 °C) Properties: - Largest boron deposits located in Turkey - Metalloid found in meteorites - Brown powder (or black crystals) Uses: - Main ingredient in Borax soap - Boron filaments (high-strength materials) - Ingredient of fiberglass Bohr Diagram: Lewis Structure:
- 7. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Breakfast Cereal Analogy 2 2
- 8. Chemical Bonding - Ionic, Covalent, Metallic Element, Compound, or Mixture?
- 9. Chemical Bonding - Ionic, Covalent, Metallic Element – Compound - Mixture
- 10. Physical Properties of Water
- 11. Polar Molecules • Some covalent molecules don’t share electrons equally • O in water (H2O) has a greater pull on the shared electrons than H • Oxygen has 8 protons compared to hydrogen’s 1 • Electrons spend more time around the oxygen • The O side of the molecule then has a slightly more negative charge than the H sides Advanced Topic
- 13. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Solid, Liquid, or Gas? A. Solid element B. Gas compound C. Liquid element D. Mixture of liquid compound and gas element atoms E. Mixture of gas atoms F. Gas compound G. Gas element (molecules) H. Liquid compound I. Gas element atoms
Notes de l'éditeur
- Bonus Question: How are ions formed? An electron is transferred from the outer shell of one atom to another, forming charged atoms - that resulting ions are then attracted to each other due to their electrical charges (ionic bonding)
- Beauty salon peroxide to show how difference in concentration affects rate of reaction
- Corn/Rice checks are like elements – mix them together and you have…a MIXTURE because they don’t stick together or form something new. Crispix is like a compound – two different elements bound together. You can’t separate the components without breaking it apart (breaking bonds). Ratio of corn to rice remains constant. * What might cause the corn/rice parts of the cereal to separate – like in a chemical reaction? Milk/Water? Cheerios Crunch (or Raisin Bran, or Captain Crunch, etc.) is like a mixture – different elements thrown together but not bound. Different ratios.
- L to R: CO2 (carbon dioxide) compound, CH4 (methane) compound, CH3OH (methanol) compound, mixture of NH3 (ammonia) and CH4 compounds, Cl2 (element, molecules) * Na (elemental sodium), NH3 (ammonia) compound, NaCl (sodium chloride) compound, O2 & N2 – mixture of elements, elemental hydrogen molecules * O2 (elemental oxygen molecules), N2 (nitrogen gas molecules, element), H2O (water molecules, compound), mixture of CO2, H2, and Cl2, mixture of ammonia & water
- L to R: CO2 (carbon dioxide) compound, CH4 (methane) compound, CH3OH (methanol) compound, mixture of NH3 (ammonia) and CH4 compounds, Cl2 (element, molecules) * Na (elemental sodium), NH3 (ammonia) compound, NaCl (sodium chloride) compound, O2 & N2 – mixture of elements, elemental hydrogen molecules * O2 (elemental oxygen molecules), N2 (nitrogen gas molecules, element), H2O (water molecules, compound), mixture of CO2, H2, and Cl2, mixture of ammonia & water
- Mixtures can be separated by physical means, such as filtration or distillation (not chemically by breaking bonds between the atoms of compounds).
- Like the days of the month, the chemical elements can be arranged in a way that shows a repeating, or PERIODIC pattern. DRY ERASE EXERCISE Patterns: atomic # increases as you move left to right Groups share same # of valence electron Energy levels increase as you move down a group