1. HI136 The History of Germany Lecture 3 Germany’s First Economic Miracle

6. Spread of the Industrial Revolution

9. Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte , vol. 3 (Munich, 1995 100 100 100 100 100 1913 72,8 67 50,1 57,5 47,5 1900 65 45,6 27,9 36,9 23,8 1890 40,1 29 16,1 24,7 13,9 1880 31,9 20,1 8,9 13,9 7,5 1870 Textile Building Transport Coal Metal (1913 ~ 100)

10. Data from: Paul Bairoch, "International Industrialization Levels from 1750 to 1980" JEEH 11

12. New Technologies in Industrial Production in Germany 1870-1900 Heavy industry English blast furnace technology Coal from Silesia and the Ruhr Ores from Lorraine Bessemer process 1879 Stainless steel 1912 Mechanical engineering Locomotives Internal combustion engine 1876 Cars 1889 Diesel engines 1896 Zeppelins (airships) 1900 Airplanes 1905 Electrical Industry Dynamos (Siemens) Electrical engines Telephones Power stations Films X-ray units Chemical Industry Artificial fertilizers Dyes Plastics 1885 Pharmaceuticals Safety explosives 1885

25. Der Sozialist , Robert Koehler, 1885, DHM, Berlin

28. Elendsquartier in der Berliner Spreestr. 6 , Berlin, about 1910 (DHM, Berlin)

32. Associations, lobbyism and trade unions Centralverband Deutscher Industrieller 1876 (Central Union of German Industrialists) Bund der Industriellen 1895 (Union of Industrialists) Hansabund 1909 Vereinigung der deutschen Arbeitgeberverbände 1913 (Union of German Employers’ Associations) Free = Socialist “Generalkommission” general commission Christian “Gesamtverband” “ yellow” = liberal Exert pressure on the government and Reichstag deputies Successes: Tariffs 1878/79 Organising the working class, representing interests of workers, indirect successes – state intervention and “welfare state”