This document covers fundamentals of drawing, including proper pencil grip techniques and shading methods. It discusses the violin bow grip for broad arm movements during drawing versus the scribe grip used for writing. Basic shapes and straight line exercises are presented. Finally, different shading techniques like hatching, crosshatching, stippling, scribbling and blending are defined and examples shown. The goal is to practice value, line, shape and shading control for drawing.

1. FUNDAMENTALS
OF DRAWING
LESSON 2

2. Topic covered
Value
◦ Pencil control from low value to high value
◦ Relating value to shading
Line and Shape
◦ line control
◦ creating objects with shapes

3. GRIPPING THE
PENCIL
VALUE

4. Gripping the pencil
Scribe Grip
The ―scribe’s grip‖ that feels
natural for most people is
surely the worst grip for
drawing: writing and drawing
are fundamentally different
activities.

5. Gripping the pencil
Scribe Grip
Writing is done with
minute motions of the
hand and fingers,
with the elbow fixed

6. Gripping the pencil
Scribe Grip
Drawing is done with
broad movement of
the whole arm, from
hand to shoulder-
blade

7. Gripping the pencil Violin bow grip
Hold the pencil with the
thumb against all four
fingers. This removes
most control from the
fingers, and emphasizes
the wrist and especially
the arm at elbow and
shoulder.

8. Gripping the pencil Violin bow grip
This grip is the preferable
basic drawing grip.
O it produces flowing,
economical sweeping line
and is ideal for rough
sketching, hatching and
tonal work with the side of
lead

9. Gripping the pencil
Gesture grips and
variations
Between the ―pen‖and the ―violin bow‖, there
is any number of intermediate grips,
suitable mostly for gesture drawing with
varying paper size and motion range.

10. Gripping the pencil
Brush Grip
O Sometimes a brush grip is used for detail
work — it is the pencil held like a brush, in a
pen grip with index finger resting along the
shaft.

11. Gripping the pencil
Brush Grip
OIt offers more motion freedom than the pen grip and
works with or without elbow support, but when used
with a pencil it also takes away some fine control.
OIt is fairly good for holding the Wacom stylus, too.

12. BASIC SHAPES &
FORMS
Line and Shapes

13. Basic Shapes & Forms
◦ Exercise #1: Drawing Straight Lines
Draw each line with a single motion. You'll discover the best angle at which you can draw a straight
line.
Then, all you have to do is turn the paper to execute a horizontal, a vertical, or diagonal line.

14. Basic Shapes & Forms

15. Basic Shapes & Forms

16. SHADING
Line and Shapes

17. Shading
Definition
THE USE OF
LIGHT AND
DARK VALUES
TO GIVE
ILLUSION FORM
OF DEPTH

18. Shading
Hatching
Crosshatching
Stippling
Scribbling
Blending

19. Shading - Techniques

20. Shading - Techniques
Hatching is a series
of straight or curved
lines (called a set),
drawn beside one
another to give the
illusion of a value.

21. Shading - Techniques
Crosshatching is a
shading technique in
which one set of lines
crosses over
(overlaps) another set.

22. Shading - Techniques
The act of Stippling
involves covering an area
with dots. It is a wildly time-
consuming technique, in
which an image is drawn
dot...by dot...by dot.
Pointillism in art is based on
this technique.

23. Shading - Techniques
Scribbling has many different
names
and techniques such as
Scumbling, Circling &
Squirkling. Basically, this
technique involves shading
using random strokes or
circlular strokes.

24. Shading - Techniques
Blending, also known as Smooth
Shading is where you use your finger
or some smudge tool such as a
piece of cloth or cotton swab and
smear the shading for a more
uniform shade. If controlled correctly
this can give a smooth polished
look.

25. Shading - Techniques