This document discusses emerging production technologies like additive manufacturing (3D printing) and whether their adoption constitutes a "fourth industrial revolution." It identifies several potential barriers to the uptake of these technologies, including issues around materials, design, skills/education, costs/investment, standards/regulation, testing, and intellectual property protection. The document argues that overcoming these barriers is important to improve the commercialization of new production technologies and maximize their impacts on business models, locations of production activities, and the skills and capabilities needed to create and capture value from them. It questions whether technological innovation alone will drive productivity growth or if broader changes are needed to fully realize the potential of emerging technologies.

1. 15th Anniversary HVM 2017 & 4th Graphene New
Materials Conference
2-3 November 2017 Cambridge, UK
www.cir-strategy.com/events
HVM and Industrial Digitalisation:
Are we undergoing a
‘4th Industrial Revolution’?
Professor Tim Minshall
Dr John C Taylor Professor of Innova6on
Head of Ins6tute for Manufacturing

2. www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk

3. IfM at a glance…

4. Key context
• ‘Healthy’ economy requires increased produc6vity

5. http://industrialdigitalisation.org.uk/

6. http://industrialdigitalisation.org.uk/

7. Key context
• ‘Healthy’ economy requires increased produc6vity
• Technology is long-term driver of produc6vity growth
• Technological innova6on is cri6cal but difficult

8. An example technological innovation ..

9. Image: www.portcities.co.uk

10. Image: www.containersforsale.co.uk

11. Image: www.portofelixstowe.co.uk

12. Image: Christoph Roser at AllAboutLean.com"

13. UK Industrial Strategy
https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/industrial-strategy

14. 2017 Industrial Digitalisa=on Review
http://industrialdigitalisation.org.uk/

15. t

16. Industrial Digitalisa=on

17. Source: BBC Tomorrow’s World archive on YouTube

18. Source: BBC Tomorrow’s World archive on YouTube

19. 2017 Industrial Digitalisa=on Review
http://industrialdigitalisation.org.uk/

20. http://industrialdigitalisation.org.uk/

23. https://www.carbon3d.com/stories/adidas/

24. Direct
Manufacturing
Rapid Tooling
Rapid
Prototyping
Wong, K. V. and A. Hernandez (2012). "A Review of Additive Manufacturing." ISRN Mechanical Engineering Article ID 208760.
Deradjat, D. and T. Minshall (2017). "Implementation of Rapid Manufacturing for Mass Customisation." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 28(1).

25. ‘3D printing [..] has the potential
to revolutionize the way we make
almost everything’
President Obama, State of the Union Address 2013
http://www.gartner.com/

26. Images: www.rolls-royce.com
“It is estimated that the UK can win up to 8% or £5bn of
this rapidly growing global market for AM products and
services, forecast to reach £69bn by 2025 and this will
have a strong effect on protecting existing jobs (63,000
by 2020) while also generating new employment”.
Additive Manufacturing UK 2016.

27. Is this ‘just another produc=on technology’?
Images: Ramesh Pathania/Mint; www.used-robots.com; www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk; news.cision.com

28. Industry 4.0

29. Is this a ‘digital’ thing?
Images: http://www.computerhistory.org/; oldcomputers.net; Konstantin Lanzet; Evan-Amos; Apple Inc.
‘3D printing: The PC all over again?’
Economist 1.12.12
‘A 3D printer for every school would
encourage innovation’
The Week 19.6.14

30. How to improve our ability to commercialise
emerging produc=on technologies?
i. What are the actual and poten6al impacts of the
adop6on of AM-3DP on business models?

31. Value
context
Value
capture
Value
creation
time
Phaal, R., E. O'Sullivan, M. Routley, S. Ford and D. Probert (2011). "A framework for mapping industrial emergence." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78(2): 217-230.

32. Potential for mass customisation
Volume
Variety
Low
Low
High
High
With thanks to Dominik Deradjat
Image: Dentsply Image: forbes.com

33. i. What are the actual and poten6al impacts of the
adop6on of AM-3DP on business models?
ii. How is the adop6on of AM-3DP linked to the
loca6on of produc6on ac6vi6es?
How to improve our ability to commercialise
emerging produc=on technologies?

34. 3D prin=ng-enabled re-distributed manufacturing
Re-Distributed
Manufacturing
3D Prin6ng /
Addi6ve
Manufacturing
Economics
Standards / QA
Materials
Skills
IPR
Enables
Provides opportuni6es for
Ford, S. and T. Minshall (2015). Defining the research agenda for 3D printing-enabled re-distributed manufacturing. Advances in
Production Management Systems 2015, 5-9 September. Tokyo.

35. ✗
https://openclipart.org/
Production Consumption
✗ ✗ ✗
✗✗
Production + Consumption

36. Image: NASA

37. Image: NASA

38. Image: NASA
✗✗!
Produc'on)+)Consump'on)

39. Image: www.fieldready.org
✗✗!
Produc'on)+)Consump'on)

41. i. What are the actual and poten6al impacts of the
adop6on of AM-3DP on business models?
ii. How is the adop6on of AM-3DP linked to the
loca6on of produc6on ac6vi6es?
iii. What are skills and capabili6es required for value
to be created & captured from adop6ng AM-3DP?
How to improve our ability to commercialise
emerging produc=on technologies?

42. Value&context&&
(Policy,&regula3on,&&
standards,&etc.)&
Value&capture&&
(Business&models,&supply&chains,&&
support&services,&etc.)&
Value&crea3on&
(R&D,&skills,&investment,&&
infrastructure,&etc.)&
Group:& Present&D>&Short&Term& Medium&D>&Long&Term&
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Dickens, P. and T. Minshall (2015). UK National Strategy for Additive Manufacturing: How was the evidence collected? www.amnationalstrategy.uk.
Technical Paper 1. Dickens, P. and T. Minshall (2015). UK National Strategy for Additive Manufacturing: What did the initial evidence reveal?
www.amnationalstrategy.uk. Technical Paper 2.

43. Issue Summary of common perceived barriers
Materials
Understanding proper6es in different processes / machines / applica6ons,
QA, costs, availability (IP constraints, independent suppliers), use of mixed
materials, recyclability, biocompa6bility.
Design
Need for guides and educa6on programmes on design for AM – beXer
understanding of design for AM constraints, availability of AM-skilled
designers, security of design data.
Skills / Educa=on
Lack of appropriate skills (design, produc6on, materials, tes6ng) preven6ng
adop6on, up-skilling current workforce vs. training of next genera6on,
educa6on of consumers, awareness in schools.
Cost / Investment / Financing
Funding to increase awareness and reduce risk of adop6on (tes6ng, scale-
up, machine purchase) – especially for SMEs, understanding of full costs
(including post-processing, tes6ng), cost of materials.
Standards / Regula=on
Perceived or actual lack of standards – all sectors / sector specific (especially
aero / health / motorsport), for processes / materials / so]ware / products /
applica6ons.
Measurement / Inspec=on /
Tes=ng
Need data libraries, standards for tests (general and sector specific),
materials/ in-process / final part, tests for higher volumes, non-destruc6ve
tes6ng, QA through lock-in c.f. open access to data.
IP / Protec=on / Secrecy Balancing need for openness to share knowledge with need for commercial
protec6on to capture value from investments, enforcement of IP rights.

44. Perkins, J. (2013). Review of Engineering
Skills, Department of Business, Innovation
and Skills.

45. i. What are the actual and poten6al impacts of the
adop6on of AM-3DP on business models?
ii. How is the adop6on of AM-3DP linked to the
loca6on of produc6on ac6vi6es?
iii. What are skills and capabili6es required for value
to be created & captured from adop6ng AM-3DP?
How to improve our ability to commercialise
emerging produc=on technologies?

46. Key context
• ‘Healthy’ economy requires increased produc6vity
• Technology is long-term driver of produc6vity growth
• Technological innova6on is cri6cal but difficult
Is this a ‘4th Industrial Revolu=on’?
What is going to slow the uptake of new produc=on
technologies?

47. 15th Anniversary HVM 2017 & 4th Graphene New
Materials Conference
2-3 November 2017 Cambridge, UK
www.cir-strategy.com/events
HVM and Industrial Digitalisation:
Are we undergoing a
‘4th Industrial Revolution’?
Professor Tim Minshall
Dr John C Taylor Professor of Innova6on
Head of Ins6tute for Manufacturing