11. P= Q x H x e x 9.81 Kilowatts (kW)
Where: P = Power at the generator
terminal, in kilowatts (kW). Q = Flow in
pipeline, in cubic metres per second
(m3/s). H = The gross head from the
pipeline intake to the tailwater, in metres
(m). e = The efficiency of the plant,
considering head loss in the pipeline and
the efficiency of the turbine and generator,
expressed by a decimal (ie 85% efficiency
0.85)
17. 1)Depending upon Capacity to generate
power:
Size unit size Installation
Micro upto 100 kW 100 kW
Mini 101 to 1000 kW 2000 kW
Small 1001 to 6000 kW 15000 kW
2) Depending on head:
Ultra low head: Below3 meters,
Low head : Less than 30 meters,
Medium head: Between 30 to 75 meters,
High head : Above 75 meters,
18. 1.Based On Their Función
Storage Dam
Diversion Dam
2.Based On the Structural Design
o Arc Dam
o Gravity Dam
19. 3.Based On the Material Construction
Rock Pices Dam
Stone masonary Dams
RCC Dam
Timber & Rubber Dam
4.Based On Hydraulic Design
Overflow Dam
Non-Over flow Dam
33. The edge that divides each bucket in two symmetrical parts cuts the water
spurt, sectioning it in two laminae of fluid, theoretically of identical volume.
This disposition allows resisting mutually the axial pushes that are originated
in the bun.
39. The turbines that take his name have revolutionized in these
years the use of jumps of little height.
The Kaplan turbines are water reaction turbines of axial
flow, with a bun that works in similar way to the helix of a boat.
The Kaplan turbine is a helix turbine in which the blades of the
bun turn itself when it is on, adjusting automatically according
the work to the conditions of optimal yield.
40.
41. The Francis turbine is one of the reaction turbines
The radial flow causes the turn of the runner
This turbine is reversible
Francis turbines may be designed for a wide range of heads and
flows
42.
43. Total annual cost of hydro power project consists of
three elements:
1. Fixed charges it includes fixed charges on plant
interest taxes insurances depreciation and
obsolescence
2. Operation and maintenance cost
It includes operating cost, fuel
cost, supervisory, labor maintenance, repair and
miscellaneous expenses .the annual operation and
maintenance cost is roughly proportional to the
capacity of plant and the number of unit installed.
The annual maintenance cost is usually taken as 1.5%
of capital cost.
3. Transmission cost
It covers the cost of transmission facilities to connect
the power generated to the system load.