thermoregulation

1. Hexapoda, theromoregulation
and digestive system
Name : Iqra Mushtaq
Roll no: 2101506-124
Presented to: Ms. Kanwal Nisa

2. Hexapoda
• Hexa means "six" poda means "feet"
• Six legged animals called hexapoda
• These are the most successful and animals
• Their bodies are segmented
1. Head
2. Thorax
3. Abdomen

3. Insects are first animals to fly
• First insects are live in aquatic environment
• Then move in terrestial environment made lateral outgrowth for
protection
• Lateral growth use for gladding
• With the passage of time have ability to fold in your body
• Then you for flight

4. Thermoregulation:
• Insects also have ability of thermoregulation
• They need 25C temperature for contraction of muscles
• There are many method for maintenance of thermoregulation
1. Short wave transfer
2. Evaporative cooling
3. Convection
4. Metabolic head production
5. conduction

5. Machanism of flight
• There are two method of flighting
1. Direct flighting
2. Indirect flighting
Indirect
flighting
Direct
flighting

6. 1.Direct flighting :
• There are two types of muscles in direct flighting
1. Dorsoventral muscles
2. Basler muscles
• Basler muscle relax and dorsoventral muscles contract
• Wing move upward
• Basler muscles contract and dorsoventral relax
• Wing move downward

7. 2.Indirect flighting:
• There are two types of muscles
1. Dorsoventral muscles
2. Longitudinal muscles
• Dorsoventral relax longitudinal contract
• Upward thrust produce
• Dorsoventral contract longitudinal relax
• Downward thrust produce

8. Other locomotion of insects:
• There are many other locomtion of insects
Jumping
e.g grass
shoppers
Running
e.g walking
sticks
Walking
e.g cockro
ches

9. Digestive system of hexapoda:
Insects
diversity is
represented by
feeding habits
Nector feeder Decomposer Prediator

10. Mouth parts:
• There are different parts of mouth
1. Labrum
2. Mandible
3. Maxilla
4. Labium
• All these help in food handling

11. Specialization of mouth parts:
There have
specilized structure for
handling food
For example:
(Butterfly)sucking mouth
modified maxillie that coil
when it not use when the
buterfly use coil open and
made long purpose tpye
structure mandibles labrum
and labia reduce in size