this is a report

1. PRESENTATION ON
“AERODYNAMIC AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF
WINGLETS BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL. ”
for the partial fulfillment of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
BY
MR. KASULA KARTHIK - 20N35A2107
MR. M.SAI KIRAN – 20N35A2108
MR. M. KIRAN – 20N35A2109
Under Esteemed Guidance of
MR.YUGENDER
Assistant Professor A.N.E Department
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION :
 The term "winglet" was previously used to describe an additional lifting surface on an aircraft, like a
short section between wheels on fixed undercarriage.
 Winglets are one of the most successful examples of a NASA aeronautical innovation being utilized
around the world on all types of aircraft.
 A winglet is a device used to improve the efficiency of aircraft by lowering the lift induced drag caused
by wingtip vortices.
 Winglets are vertical extensions of wingtips that improve an aircraft's fuel efficiency and cruising range.
 Designed as small airfoils, winglets reduce the aerodynamic drag associated with vortices that develop
at the wingtips as the airplane moves through the air. By reducing wingtip drag, fuel consumption goes
down and range is extended

3.  The winglets increase the rate of climb and take off performance.
 As the winglets reduce drag that shorten the take-off distance and the winglets increase lift to drag
ratio which makes aircraft able to take off with heavy weight.
 If span of wing is extended that also lower the lift induced drag but it increases the parasitic drag
and would require more strength and more weight. So, winglets is better way to reducing this drag
and more efficient.
 Winglets also provide higher optimum altitude and higher residual aircraft value. As winglets
increase the range of aircraft which is very helpful in case of engine failure.

4. HOW THE WINGLETS WORK
 Winglets are extension at wingtip vary in designs. Designed from Aerofoils to reduce the wingtip
vortices results less drag more efficiency, less fuel consumption, less Co2exhaust.
 In the flight high pressure air flow beneath the wing and when it goes to low pressure air which
coming from over the wing it makes vortex that create drag.
 The winglets create a barrier that break the vortex this cause small vortex and less drags .
 This less drag reduces the energy to put on engine to move forward and this is the reason why fuel
consumption goes down.
 When the rotating air around the wingtip comes in contact with winglet it direct this into another
direction, also reduce the vortex strength by using extra force.
 This little contribution of force saves lots more force to put on aircraft to move forward.

5. TYPES OF WINGLET
 Some best designs which are used mostly because of their better performance are :
 Ranked wingtips
 Blended winglets
 wingtip fence.
 WINGTIP FENCE
 This types of winglets extended at the wingtip in both directions upward and downwards.
 In these types of winglets, it already exits the blended winglet and adds another winglet
downwards, to increase the surface area and get more efficiency to the existing winglets

6.  RANKED WINGTIPS
 Ranked wingtips are look like just wing span extension but it has higher degree of sweep then the
rest of wing.
 The main advantage of this type of winglets is the simplicity of its design.
 That makes it easy to manufacture and add on aircrafts. These winglets improve the fuel economy,
performance of climb and minimize the take-off length.
 It balances the aircraft weight and the cruise efficiency to get better range

8. COMPOSITE MATERIALS :
KEVLAR FIBER : It is span into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such or as an ingredient in composite
components. Chemical formula – [ -C0-C6-H4-C0-NH-C6H4-NH-]n. Versatile and strong, it is more than just a series
of threads. It is five times the strength of steel based on equal weight basis. It is heat resistant, high performance, light
in weight.
GLASS FIBER : Glass fiber is a material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass which is a noncrystalline
material with a short-range network structure. Glass fibers are formed from melts and manufactured in various
compositions by changing the number of raw materials like sand fir silica, clay for alumina, calcite for calcium oxide,
and colemanite for boron oxide
CARBON FIBER : Carbon fiber is a polymer and is sometimes known as graphite fiber. It is a very strong material that
is also very light weight. It is five times stronger than steel and twice as stiffness then also it is lighter than steel. It is
made of thin , strong crystalline filament of carbon that is used to strengthen material. Carbon fiber can be thinner than
a strand of human hair and gets its strength when twisted together like yarn. Carbon fiber can be laid over a mold and

9. coated in resin or plastic. On top of being strong, carbon fiber. Is high in stiffness. Is high in tensile strength. Has a low
weight to strength ratio. Is high in chemical resistance. Has low thermal expansion. Because of this, carbon fiber is very
popular in many industries such as aerospace, automotive, military, and recreational applications.
DIMENSIONS :
A320 wing design has selected. The dimensions are taken from A320 manual.
The real A320 wing is 16.95 long. The study with real dimension takes lots more time, so dimensions has scaled down by,
Valuing the dimension as 1 meter = 14 mm
Winglet height 2.4 m = 2.4 * 14 = 33.6 mm.
Wingspan = 474.6 mm
Cord length = 72.8mm

10. Wing witout winglet
wing with winglet

11. CFD ANALYSIS :
MESH Velocity contour without winglet Pressure Contour Without Winglet

12. Without winglet
LIFT(N) = 2.015
DRAG(N) = 0.2
AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY = 10.075
With winglet
2.51
0.19
13.21
Velocity contour with winglet Pressure contour with winglet

13. Cutting of carbon fiber Resin + Hardener mixturer
Final product

14. RESULT :
This study started with the problem on how to efficiently reduce the amount of drag and increase the amount of lift. Vortices are
used as visual representation of the reduction of drag since a vortex is formed because of differences in pressure, which also
affects the drag. Along with this Hand layout method was implemented to prepare the specimen of carbon fiber. A significant
difference is been marked in the values of Lift and Drag having winglets and without winglets.
The data obtained as an outcome of flow analysis are mentioned below.
Case:1
Without winglet
Lift generated = 2.015 N
Drag produced = 0.2 N
Case:2
With winglet
Lift generated = 2.51 N
Drag produced = 0.19 N
Aerodynamic Efficiency:
1. L/D = 2.015/0.2 =10.075 2. L/D = 2.51/0.19 = 13.2

15. ADVANTAGES OF WINGLET
 Thrust required to push the aircraft through the air. The engines of aircraft using Winglets
increase the life of engines because the engine aircraft with winglets will use between 2% to
6% less fuel.
 The fuel savings also result in the aircraft having a larger range. Different aircraft and routes
experience different savings
 Winglets increase airline profits and/or decrease passenger fares because the airline saves costs
on fuel which in turn means it’s cheaper for the aircraft to fly particular routes
 Winglets reduce the environmental impact of aircraft because the engines are working more
efficiently and therefore fewer greenhouse gases are released into the air.

16. DISADVANTAGES OF WINGLET :
The purpose of the winglet is to reduce the lift-induced drag.
However, the winglet does not contribute to the lift and so has parasite drag. Lift-induced drag is inversely
proportional to the square of the velocity which means as the aircraft moves faster, the lift-induced drag comes
down drastically.

17.  CONCLUSION :
 An improved winglet design will significantly yield a better performance of an aircraft and reduces the fuel consumption.
 By using CFD to predict the performance of the winglets, huge amount of time and money can be saved before testing the
winglet in the wind tunnel. The aerodynamic shape of the wing is designed and the structure type and component dimensions
are proposed initially.
 Reducing overall drag in an aircraft is possible with the help of winglets.
 It provides an increase in aspect ratio, which is one of the main factors for reducing induced drag.
 The effect of using wingtip devices on wings has been analysed in this CFD study by analysing values of lift and drag
coefficient.