1. Trunk and tail part

4.  Hemal spine
a spine extending downwards from the lower end of the
haemal arch in posterior or caudal vertebrae
 Hemal arch
the arch which encloses the caudal vein and dorsal
aorta and is found on the ventral surface of the
more posterior ( caudal ) vertebrae

5.  Neural spine
the middle point of the vertebral arch, represented by the
spinous process.
 Neural arch
the posterior projection from the body of a vertebra that
encloses the vertebral foramen.
•Notochord
a flexible rod-shaped body
first "backbones" serving as support structures
advantageous to primitive fish-ancestors because they were a
rigid structure for muscle attachment, yet flexible enough to allow
more movement than, for example, the exoskeleton of the dominant
animals of that time.
•Centrum
A part of vertebra that occupies the position occupied early in
the ontogeny by the notochord

6.  Diapophysis
the superior or articular surface of the transverse process of
a vertebra
 Parapophysis
the ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a
Vertebra.
•Prezygapophysis
The superior processes project upward from a lower
vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or
less backward
•Postzygapophysis
The inferior processes project downward from a higher
vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or
less forward and outward.