Seminars (CLUP) update

1. Topic Syllabus:
Basic GIS
Session 1: Introduction to GIS: Basic
Concepts and Map Appreciation

2. KeyAreas:
• GIS Competency Assessment
• Basic Concepts on GIS
• Map Appreciation
• Definition of Metadata
• Role of GIS in CLUP

3. Topic Objectives:
• Develop an understanding on the basic
concept of GIS, its role in land use
planning and map appreciation.
• Identify the map and data requirements
for situational analysis.
• Understand and appreciate the elements
on the map, as well as, evaluate its
utilization into GIS.

4. Output/Key Result Area
• Identify competencies of participants
• Understand the concepts and
principles of GIS
• Enhanced appreciation on maps
• List of map requirements

5. Content Outline
• Basic Concepts on GIS
• Map Appreciation
• Definition of Metadata
• Role of GIS in CLUP

6. Steps and Procedures
1. Determine competency of participants.
2. Present Powerpoint on Introduction to GIS, Map Basics,
Metadata
3. Workshop on Map appreciation
4. Present sample maps and entry points of GIS in the
CLUP process
5. Distribute map and data requirements table (CLUP excel
tables) and GIS training files

9. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
“Geographic Information”
“Information System”
“System”
What is ?
Spatial Database

10. • An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and
personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and
display all forms of geographically referenced information.
www.fws.gov/data/IMADS/glossary.htm
• A system of computer hardware, software and data for collecting, storing,
analyzing and disseminating information about areas of the earth.
www.oahutrans2k.com/info/glossary/G.htm
Some Definition of GIS
• A Geographic Information System is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing things
that exist and events that happen in the local authority. GIS technology integrates common
database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and
geographic analysis benefits offered by maps. A geographic information system is the
combination of skilled people having achieved training, spatial and attribute/descriptive data,
analytic methods, computer software and hardware all organized to automate, manage, and
deliver information through geographic information.
http://cookbook.hlurb.gov.ph/3-01-introduction

11. An Early Example of GIS
Since these figures represent something else that have associated attributes,
these cave paintings may be considered a GIS.

12. … modern GIS equivalent
Caribou Herds are
tracked through GPS
and monitored using
a GIS software

13. All of these
must be
found to
have a well
functioning
GIS

14. HARDWARE

15. HARDWARE
• Computer
• Input Devices
- Scanner
- Digitizer
- GPS
• Output Devices
- Plotter
- Printer

16. GIS software provides the
functions and tools needed to
store, analyse, and display
geographic information. Key
software components are:
Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information
A database management system (DBMS)
Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualisation
A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools
SOFTWARE

17. SOFTWARE

18. METHODOLOGY
Also called Applications or Analysis

19. METHODOLOGY
Process of transforming data to
information

20. An Example of Methodology

21. Location of
Subdivision Project
METHODOLOGY

22. Data

23. GIS DATA
• Base Maps – include roads, political boundaries, rivers
and lakes, parks and landmarks; place names
• Environmental maps - include data related to the
environment, weather, environmental risk, satellite
imagery, topography, and natural resources.
• Socio-economic data - include data related to
census/demography, health care, real state,
telecommunications, emergency preparedness, crime,
business establishments, and transportation.
Data

24. Kinds of Data that GIS Handles
• Spatial data
• data pertaining to the location and spatial
dimensions of geographical entities, and data
that can be linked to locations in geographic
space, usually via features on a map.
• usually translated into simple objects: points,
lines, areas and grids (pixels).
• Example: Barangay Map, Land Parcels

25. Kinds of Data that GIS Handles
• Attribute data (Non-spatial or Aspatial Data)
• Usually organized in tables
• refers to the properties of a specific, precisely defined location. The data are
often statistical but may be text, images or multi-media. These are linked in the
GIS to spatial data that define the location. They are often referred to as non-
spatial data since they do not in themselves represent location information.
• Example: Barangay Name, PIN

26. Geographic Data Characteristics
• Spatial data
and their
attributes are
linked
• By their
geographic
location
• By unique
identifiers

27. Spatial Data Types
• Two major categories of spatial data representation in GIS:
raster and vector.
• Raster approach: cells
• Vector approach: points, lines, and polygons

28. RASTER FILEVECTOR FILE

29. Some Examples for Each Data Type
Raster
Vector
- Satellite Images (tif, bsq, bil)
- Orthophotos (tif,sid)
- Scanned images (tif, gif, jpg, bmp)
- Drawing Files (dwg) - AutoCAD
- Shapefiles (shp,shx,dbf) - ESRI’s ArcView
- TAB (tab) - MapInfo

30. Data Build Up in the Cookbook
From Paper Map

31. Data Build Up in the Cookbook
Georeference and Digitize

32. Data Build Up in the Cookbook
Fill out the Excel

33. Data Build Up in the Cookbook
Open the tables in GIS and Join

34. Data Build Up in the Cookbook
Create the Thematic Map Required in the Information Product

35. Manpower/People
A vital component of any system is the people as they are
the ones who will make the system a useful service.

36. Money
Money
Dependent
Skills Development
Mindset of users and
beneficiaries

37. Manpower/People
• Advocate use
• Develop Skills
– Users must be comfortable first in
using GIS as Maps
What should People part of GIS do?

38. KNOW GIS IN THEORY
MASTER GIS AS A PRESENTATION TOOL
MASTER ATTRIBUTE DATA IN A GIS
BUILD GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
BUILD BASIC ATTRIBUTE DATA IN THEMATIC ACTIVITIES
USE GIS AS AN ANALYSIS TOOL
GIS BUILDING IN THE PLANNING OFFICE
EXCHANGE OF DATA BETWEEN LGU ‘OFFICES’
EXCHANGE OF DATA BETWEEN LGU AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS
TRAIN OTHERS IN GIS
MASTER BASIC GIS AS A DRAWING TOOL
Training
Practice and
Simple use
Application to
CLUP

40. GPS and Digital Maps on Mobile Phones

41. Map Appreciation

42. What is a Map?
• directions
• Location or positions of existing features
• Areas/coverage/extent
• Distance
• Boundaries
• Ground features or characteristics
• Facts, events, trends, predictions, possibilities and other
phenomena
A map shows :

43. In a map …
Real world features are represented graphically by
using symbols on a plane surface at their correct
positions and at a reduced scale
Landmarks to Point Roads to Line
Parcel or Lots to Polygon

44. Basic Map Contents
• Primary content – actual subject of the map or
its main theme, i.e., land use, geology,
topography
• Secondary content – includes grids, graticules
and values of longitude and latitude around the
maps sheet, i.e., administrative boundaries,
roads, grid
• Supportive content – are the marginal
information such as the title, scale, legend,
location diagram, projection, explanatory text,
north orientation, date and author, scale bar

45. Primary Content
Secondary ContentSupportive Content

46. Parts of a Map

47. Map Window
• Contain the primary and
Secondary Content
• The map window shall occupy
the largest area of the map.

48. Map Title
• Defines the information and the
purpose of the map.
• includes the geographical area,
the most important
administrative and/or political
subdivision or other features
presented
• Example: Geologic Map, Urban
Land Use Map, Topographic
Map

49. Legend
• Column of symbols (as reflected in map)
and their descriptions.
• It provides explanation and
classification of map elements.

50. Grid • a reference system made of straight lines
intersecting one another at right angles
• Represents information as an array of equally
sized square cells arranged in rows and
columns.

51. Scale
• Scale – the relationship between a distance on
the map and the true distance on the ground
measured in the same unit. Ex. 1:10,000
• Small (e.g., 1:250,000) vs. large (e.g., 1:10,000)
• There must be only one scale for the map

52. Scale
• Ways to show the map scale
• Graphic scale is a line or with the distance represented by the
length of the line/bar marked on the ends of the line/bar (also
called scale bar)
• Fractional scale like 1:5,000 or 1:1,000,000
• Verbal/Descriptive scale is a statement such as 1 inch=100 feet

53. Source of Data, Date and Author
• Source of
information and its
date or the date of
the survey or
period covered
• Name of the
author/producer of
the map

54. North Orientation
• Provides the user the
proper perspective in
interpreting the
information on the
map.

55. Reservations/Explanatory Notes/Disclaimer
• Added for the purposes of further clarification,
interpretation and evaluation of the contents of
the maps.

56. Projection and Datum
• Projection and Datum used in creating the Map

57. Year 2000

58. Metadata: Definition
• Traditionally: metadata has been described as data about
data.
• Metadata is the term used to describe the summary
information of a set of data or “data about data”
Example:
• A library catalogue contains information ( metadata) about
publications (data)

59. • Metadata can be defined as geospatial data describing its
characteristics in terms of:
• Content
• Quality
• Processing history
• Format, projection etc.

60. Why is metadata
important ?
The data user needs metadata to determine
whether or not a particular data set exists and
to decide whether or not the data is appropriate
for use.
Proper metadata should describe who, what,
when, where, why and how about all aspects of
a GIS data set.

61. • When was the map prepared ?
• Who prepared the map ?
• What type of projection ?
• What is the file name ?

62. Role of GIS in CLUP

63. Key Messages
• GIS is a tool for map-making which is vital in
CLUP preparation.
• Map appreciation is an important skill needed
when using GIS.
• GIS entails the use of vector (e.g. shapefiles) and
raster (e.g. TIFF, DEM) files.
• By the end of the training, the participants will be
able to create their own base maps.