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Two different Use
Cases to obtain
best response
using RECIST 1.1:
SDTM and ADaM
Kevin Lee
Vikash Jain
We help our Clients deliver better
outcomes, so they can improve
the quality of people’s lives.
Any views or opinions presented in this presentation
are solely those of the author and do not necessarily
represent those of the company.
Disclaimer
2
• Introduction of Oncology
• Oncology-specific Standards: Response Criteria
guidelines and CDISC Standards
• Introduction of RECIST
• Best Response using SDTM
• Best Response using ADaM
• Conclusion/ Questions
Agenda
3
• In 2008, there were estimated 12,665,500 new cases
of cancel worldwide.
• One in eight deaths in the world are due to cancer.
• Cancer is the leading cause of death in developed
countries.
• NIH reported that the cost of cancer in 2007 in the
U.S. was 226.8 billion overall.
• There are 28 million cancer survivors worldwide.
• Men who have never married are up to 35% more
likely to die from cancer than those who are married.
Cancer Trivia
4
• 2012
– 39 Approval
– 13 Oncology (33 %)
• 2013
– 27 Approval
– 8 Oncology (30 %)
• 2014 ( as of the end of October)
– 34 Approval
– 7 Oncology (18%)
• Note: based on the reports of NMEs and BLAs approved by CDER
FDA CDER NMEs and BLAs Approval
5
Introduction of Oncology
• How are the oncology studies different from other
studies?
– Tumor measurements and their response to drug
– Oncology-specific measurements for response criteria
(e.g., Liver and Spleen Enlargement, Bone Marrow
Infiltrate and Blood Counts)
– Oncology-diagnosis measurements (e.g.,
immunophenotype, performance status on ECOG, staging)
– Toxicity (Lab and AE)
– Time to Event Analysis (e.g., OS, PFS, TTP and ORR)
6
Types of Oncology Studies and their Response
Guidelines Standards
• Masses of abnormal tissue that originate in organs or soft
tissues that typically do not include fluid areas and cysts. (e.g.,
breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and melanoma)
• RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor) 1.1
Solid Tumor
• Cancer that starts in lymph nodes
• Cheson 2007
Lymphoma
• Cancer that usually begins in the bone marrow and result in
high numbers of abnormal white blood cells(lymphocytes).
• IWCLL 2008, IWAML 2003, NCCN Guideline 2012 on ALL, CML
ESMO Guidelines
Leukemia
7
• RECIST(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor)
– Version 1.0 and 1.1 (released on October 2008)
• Lesions
– Measurable and Non-Measurable
• 10 mm by CT scan
• 20 mm by chest X-ray
– Target and Non-Target
• One-dimensional measurement (longest diameter).
RECIST
8
• Measurable
• Up to 5 lesions
• Maximum of 2 lesions per organ
• Measurement
– Lesion with longest diameter
– Lymph nodes with a short axis
– Sum of diameters
Target Lesions according to RECIST 1.1
9
• All other lesions
• Measurement
– Present, absent, unequivocal progression.
Non-Target Lesions according to RECIST 1.1
10
Lesions
11
Lesions
Measurable Non-Measurable
Targets Non-Targets
Measurable Lesion
12
Target Lesions according to RECIST 1.1
13
Non Target Lesions
14
Response
Evaluation of Changes in Tumor Results
Measurements for Responses at any given time
15
Target
Non-Target
New
Overall
Response
• Complete Response(CR) : Disappearance of all target
lesions
• Partial Response(PR) : 30 % decrease in the sum of
diameters from baseline
• Progressive Diseases (PD) : 20 % increase from the
smallest (at least more than 5 mm)
• Stable Disease (SD) :
• Inevaluable (NE)
Response Criteria of Target Lesions
16
• Complete Response(CR) : Disappearance of all non-
target lesions
• Non-CR/Non-PD
• Progressive Diseases (PD) : unequivocal
progression(an overall level of substantial worsening
in non-target diseases)
• Inevaluable (NE)
Response Criteria of Non-Target lesions
17
Overall Response at given time point
18
Target
Lesion
Non-target
Lesions
New
Lesions
Overall
Response
CR CR No CR
CR Non-CR/non-PD No PR
CR NE No PR
PR Non-PD or NE No PR
SD Non-PD or NE No SD
NE Non-PD No NE
PD Any Yes or No PD
Any PD Yes or No PD
Any Any Yes PD
• Randomized and open label Phase II Study
• Solid Tumor following RECIST 1.1
• 5 cycles
• 3 target and 3 non-target lesions at screening
• Primary Efficacy – Objective Response Rate
• Secondary – Time to Progression and Progression
Free Survival
Example
19
• SDTM
– TU : Tumor Identification
– TR : Tumor Results
– RS : Response
• ADaM
– ADTR : Tumor Results Analysis Dataset
– ADRS : Response Analysis Dataset
CDISC Tumor SDTM Domain and ADaM datasets
20
Two cases to obtain Best Response: SDTM and ADaM
21
SDTM
TR
RS
ADaM
ADTR
ADRS
Best Response
Why using ADaM to get best response for a patient?
22
• A request by reviewers.
• Programmatic validations (RECIST 1.1)
Case 1 :How to derive Best Response using SDTM
23
SDTM TU (Tumor Identification)
24
USUBJI
D
TULINK
ID
TUTESTC
D
TUTEST TUORRES TULOC TUMETHO
D
001-01-
001
T01 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification TARGET ABDOME
N
CT SCAN
001-01-
001
T02 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification TARGET ABDOME
N
CT SCAN
001-01-
001
T03 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification TARGET THYROID CT SCAN
001-01-
001
NT01 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification NON-TARGET LIVER CT SCAN
001-01-
001
NT02 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification NON-TARGET KIDNEY CT SCAN
001-01-
001
NT03 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification NON-TARGET SPLEEN CT SCAN
Key points to note:
• Subject 001 has 3 target and 3 non-targets
• TU.TULINKID is connected TR.TRLINKID
SDTM TR at Screening
25
USUBJ
ID
TRGRI
D
TRLINKI
D
TRTE
STCD
TRTES
T
TRCA
T
TRORR
ES
TRORRE
SU
VISIT TRDT
C
001-01-
001
Target T01 LDIAM Longest
Diameter
Measu
rement
23 mm Screening 2011-
01-01
001-01-
001
Target T02 LDIAM Longest
Diameter
Measu
rement
22 mm Screening 2011-
01-01
001-01-
001
Target T03 LDIAM Longest
Diameter
Measu
rement
25 mm Screening 2011-
01-01
001-01-
001
Target SUMDI
AM
Sum of
Diameter
Measu
rement
70 mm Screening 2011-
01-01
001-01-
001
Non-
Target
NT01 TUMST
ATE
Tumor
State
Qualita
tive
PRESEN
T
Screening 2011-
01-01
001-01-
001
Non-
Target
NT02 TUMST
ATE
Tumor
State
Qualita
tive
PRESEN
T
Screening 2011-
01-01
001-01-
001
Non-
Target
NT03 TUMST
ATE
Tumor
State
Qualita
tive
PRESEN
T
Screening 2011-
01-01
Key points to note:
• Sum of Diameter was collected
• Target lesions were measured quantitatively and non-target
qualitatively.
SDTM TR at Cycle 1
26
USUBJ
ID
TRGRI
D
TRLINKI
D
TRTE
STCD
TRTES
T
TRCA
T
TROR
RES
TRORRE
SU
VISIT TRDT
C
001-01-
001
Target T01 LDIAM Longest
Diameter
Measu
rement
10 mm Cycle 1 2011-
03-01
001-01-
001
Target T02 LDIAM Longest
Diameter
Measu
rement
10 mm Cycle 1 2011-
03-01
001-01-
001
Target T03 LDIAM Longest
Diameter
Measu
rement
15 mm Cycle 1 2011-
03-01
001-01-
001
Target SUMDI
AM
Sum of
Diameter
Measu
rement
35 mm Cycle 1 2011-
03-01
001-01-
001
Non-
Target
NT01 TUMST
ATE
Tumor
State
Qualita
tive
PRESE
NT
Cycle 1 2011-
03-01
001-01-
001
Non-
Target
NT02 TUMST
ATE
Tumor
State
Qualita
tive
PRESE
NT
Cycle 1 2011-
03-01
001-01-
001
Non-
Target
NT03 TUMST
ATE
Tumor
State
Qualita
tive
PRESE
NT
Cycle 1 2011-
03-01
Key points to note:
• Sum of Diameter changed from 70 mm to 35 mm
• No changes in non-target.
SDTM RS: Response at given time-point
27
USUBJID RSTESTCD RSTEST RSCAT RSORRES VISIT RSDTC RSSEQ
001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 1 2011-03-01 1
001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 1 2011-03-01 2
001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 1 2011-03-01 3
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 1 2011-03-01 4
001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 2 2011-06-01 5
001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 2 2011-06-01 6
001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 2 2011-06-01 7
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 2 2011-06-01 8
001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 3 2011-09-01 9
001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 3 2011-09-01 10
001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 3 2011-09-01 11
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 3 2011-09-01 12
001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 4 2011-12-01 13
001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 4 2011-12-01 14
001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 4 2011-12-01 15
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 4 2011-12-01 16
001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 PD Cycle 5 2012-03-01 17
001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 5 2012-03-01 18
001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 5 2012-03-01 19
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PD Cycle 5 2012-03-01 20
Target
Lesion
Non-target
Lesions
New
Lesions
Overall
Response
PR Non-PD or NE No PR
SDTM RS: Best Response when confirmation is not
needed.
28
USUBJID RSTESTCD RSTEST RSCAT RSORRE
S
VISIT RSDTC RSSEQ
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 1 2011-03-01 4
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 2 2011-06-01 8
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 3 2011-09-01 12
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 4 2011-12-01 16
001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PD Cycle 5 2012-03-01 20
001-01-001 BESTRESP Best Response RECIST 1.1 PR
Key points to note:
• Investigator decides best response for patient 001.
How to derive Best Response from ADaM
29
Analysis Dataset Metadata for ADTR
30
Dataset
Name
Dataset
Description
Dataset
Location
Dataset
Structure
Key
Variables
of Dataset
Class of
Dataset
Documentation
ADTR Tumor
Results
Analysis
Data
adtr.xpt one record
per subject
per
parameter
per analysis
visit
USUBJID,
PARAMC
D,
AVISITN
BDS c-adtr.txt
Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis
Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (1)
31
Dataset
Name
Parameter
Identifier
Variable
Name
Variable Label Variable
Type
Display
Format
Codelist /
Controlled
Terms
Source /
Derivation
ADTR *ALL* USUBJID Unique Subject
Identifier
text $20 ADSL.USUBJ
ID
ADTR *ALL* SITEID Site ID text $20 ADSL.SITEID
ADTR *ALL* SEX Sex text $20 M, F ADSL.SEX
ADTR *ALL* FASFL Full Analysis Set
Population Flag
text $1 Y, N ADSL.FASFL
ADTR *ALL* TRTPN Planned
Treatment (N)
integer 1.0 1 = Placebo,
2 = Study
Drug
ADSL.TRTPN
ADTR *ALL* TRTP Planned
Treatment
text $20 Placebo,
Study Drug
ADSL.TRTP
ADTR *ALL* AVISITN Analysis Visit (N) integer 3.0 TR.VISITNU
M
ADTR *ALL* AVISIT Analysis Visit text $20 TR.VISIT
Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis
Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (2)
32
Dataset
Name
Parameter
Identifier
Variable
Name
Variable
Label
Variable
Type
Display
Format
Codelist / Controlled Terms Source /
Derivation
ADTR PARAMCD PARAMC
D
Paramet
er Code
text $8 LDIAM1,
LDIAM2,
LDIAM3,
SUMDIA,
SDFRSM,
TUMSTAT1,
TUMSTAT2,
TUMSTAT3,
NUMNTG,
NEWLES
ADTR *ALL* PARAM Paramet
er
text $50 Longest Diameter of Target 1 (mm),
Longest Diameter of Target 2 (mm),
Longest Diameter of Target 3 (mm),
Sum of Diameter (mm),
Sum of Diameter from smallest Sum
of Diameter (mm),
Tumor State of Non-Target 1,
Tumor State of Non-Target 2,
Tumor State of Non-Target 3,
Number of Present Non-Target
Lesion,
New Lesion
33
Dataset
Name
Parameter
Identifier
Variable
Name
Variable
Label
Variable
Type
Display
Format
Codelist /
Controlled
Terms
Source / Derivation
ADTR SDFRSM,
NUMNTG,
NEWLES
PARAMTY
P
Parameter
Type
text $20 DERIVED
ADTR LDIAM1,
LDIAM2,
LDIAM3,
SUMDIA
AVAL Analysis
Value
float 8.2 TR.TRSTRESN
ADTR SDFRSM AVAL Analysis
Value
float 8.2 TR.TRSTRESN at
TRTESTCD=‘SUMDIA’
ADTR TUMSTAT1,
TUMSTAT2,
TUMSTAT3
AVALC Analysis
Value (C )
text $30 TR.TRSTRESC
ADTR NUMNTG AVAL Analysis
Value
float 8.2 Count(AVALC=‘PRESENT’) for
Non-Target Lesion
ADTR NEWLES AVALC Analysis
Value (C )
text $1 Y, N ‘Y’ if Any TR.TRGRPID=‘NEW’
‘N’ if No TR.TRGRPID= ‘NEW’
ADTR SUMDIA BASE Baseline
Value
float 8.2 AVAL at ABLFL = ‘Y’
ADTR SDFRSM BASE Baseline
Value
float 8.2 Previous Smallest AVAL at
PARAMCD=‘SUMDIA’
Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis
Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (3)
34
Dataset
Name
Parameter
Identifier
Variable
Name
Variable Label Variable
Type
Display
Format
Codelist /
Controlled
Terms
Source /
Derivation
ADTR SUMDIA CRIT1 Analysis Criteria
1
text $50 AVAL = 0
ADTR SUMDIA CRIT2 Analysis Criteria
2
text $50 PCHG < -30
ADTR SDFRSM CRIT3 Analysis Criteria
1
text $50 PCHG > 120
and CHG > 5
Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis
Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (5)
Key points to note (Target Lesions) :
• SUMDIA
• if CRIT1FL = ‘Y’, CR
• if CRIT2FL = ‘Y’, PR
• SDFRSM : if CRIT3FL = ‘Y’, PD
• no CRIT1, CRIT2 and CRIT3, SD
Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis
Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (4)
35
Dataset
Name
Parameter
Identifier
Variable
Name
Variable Label Variable
Type
Display
Format
Codelist /
Controlled
Terms
Source /
Derivatio
n
ADTR TUMSTAT1,
TUMSTAT2,
TUMSTAT3
CRIT4 Analysis Criteria 1 text $50 AVALC =
‘UNEQUIVOCAL
’
ADTR NUMNTG CRIT5 Analysis Criteria 1 text $50 AVAL = 0
ADTR NEWLES CRIT6 Analysis Criteria 1 text $50 AVALC= ‘Y’
Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis
Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (4)
Key points to note:
•Non-Target Lesions
• TUMSTAT1, TUMSTAT2, TUMSTAT3 : if CRIT4FL = ‘Y’, PD
• NUMNTG : if CRIT5FL = ‘Y’, CR
• no CRIT4 and CRIT5, NonCR/NonPD
• New Lesions
• NEWLES : if CRIT6FL = ‘Y’, ‘Yes’; if not, ‘No’
Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis
Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (5)
ADTR (Tumor Results Analysis Dataset) for Target
Lesion at Cycle 1
36
USUBJID PARAM PARAMTYP AVISIT AVAL AVALC BASE CHG PCHG CRIT2FL
001-01-
001
Longest Diameter of Target 1
(mm)
Cycle 1 10 23
001-01-
001
Longest Diameter of Target 2
(mm)
Cycle 1 10 22
001-01-
001
Longest Diameter of Target 3
(mm)
Cycle 1 15 25
001-01-
001
Sum of Diameter (mm) Cycle 1 35 70 -35 -50 Y
001-01-
001
Sum of Diameter from smallest
Sum of Diameter (mm),
DERIVED Cycle 1 35 70 -35 -50
Key points to note:
• No CRIT1(aval=0) and CRIT3(pchg>120 and chg>5)
• CRIT2FL(CHG < -30) = ‘Y’, so PR
• Row 5: BASE(70) is the smallest Sum of Diameter
ADTR (Tumor Results Analysis Dataset) for non-
target and new at Cycle 1
37
USUBJID PARAM PARAMTYP AVISIT AVAL AVALC BASE
001-01-001 Tumor State of Non-Target 1 Cycle 1 PRESENT PRESENT
001-01-001 Tumor State of Non-Target 2 Cycle 1 PRESENT PRESENT
001-01-001 Tumor State of Non-Target 3 Cycle 1 PRESENT PRESENT
001-01-001 Number of Non-Target Lesion DERIVED Cycle 1 3
001-01-001 New Lesion DERIVED Cycle 1 N
Key points to note:
• Non-Targets
• No CRIT4(avalc=‘UNEQUIVOCAL’) and CRIT5(aval=0),
NonCR/NonPD
•New
• No CRIT6(avalc=‘Y’), No
• Efficacy Analysis
– Objective Response Rate (ORR)
– Time to Progression (TTP)
– Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Responses Evaluation in Solid Tumor
38
• Select the best overall response for a subject
• The best overall response does not worsen over time.
- if a subject achieve CR at cycle 3 and PD at cycle 5,
the best overall response is still CR
Best Overall Response for ORR
39
• Needed for the trials where response is the primary
end point.
• The confirmation of CR and PR
– In Randomized trials, not needed.
– In non-randomized trials or unblinded studies, the
confirmation is needed at the subsequent visits (usually
4 weeks)
• The confirmation of SD – usually 6 to 8 weeks.
Confirmation of Response
40
ADRS : Best Overall Response when the
confirmation IS NOT needed.
41
USUBJI
D
TRTP PARAM PARAMTYP AVISIT AVALC RSSEQ
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall Response Cycle 1 PR 3
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall Response Cycle 2 SD 6
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall Response Cycle 3 SD 9
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall Response Cycle 4 PR 12
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall Response Cycle 5 PD 15
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Best Overall
Response
DERIVED End of
Study
PR
….
Best Overall Response table when confirmation of
CR and PR required
42
Overall
Response First
Time point
Overall Response
Subsequent time
point
Best Overall Response
CR CR CR
CR PR SD, PD or PR
CR SD SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration
met, otherwise, PD
CR PD SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration
met, otherwise, PD
CR NE SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration
met, otherwise, NE
PR CR PR
PR PR PR
PR SD SD
PR PD SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration
met, otherwise, PD
PR NE SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration
met, otherwise, NE
ADRS : Best Overall Response when the
confirmation of PR and CR IS needed (1)
43
USUBJI
D
TRTP PARAM AVISIT AVAL
C
ADT RSSE
Q
_NAVAL
C
_DUR _CO
R
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall
Response
Cycle 1 PR 2011-
03-01
3 SD 61 SD
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall
Response
Cycle 2 SD 2011-
06-01
6 SD 62 SD
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall
Response
Cycle 3 SD 2011-
09-01
9 PR 61 SD
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall
Response
Cycle 4 PR 2011-
12-01
12 PD 61 SD
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Overall
Response
Cycle 5 PD 2012-
03-01
15 PD
001-01-
001
Study
Drug
Best
Overall
Response
End of
Study
SD
Key points to note:
• _NAVALC, _DUR, and _COR are temporary ADaM plus variables
• AVALC for Best Overall Response will be collected from _FOR
Overall
Response First
Time point
Overall Response
Subsequent time point
Best Overall Response
PR SD SD
Overall
Response First
Time point
Overall Response
Subsequent time point
Best Overall Response
PR PD SD provided minimum criteria for SD
duration met, otherwise, PD
ADRS : Best Overall Response when the
confirmation IS needed (2)
44
USUBJID TRTP PARAM PARAMTYP AVISIT AVALC ADT RSSEQ
001-01-
001
Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 1 PR 2011-03-
01
3
001-01-
001
Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 2 SD 2011-06-
01
6
001-01-
001
Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 3 SD 2011-09-
01
9
001-01-
001
Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 4 PR 2011-12-
01
12
001-01-
001
Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 5 PD 2012-03-
01
15
001-01-
001
Study Drug Best Overall
Response
DERIVED End of
Study
SD
Key points to note:
• _NAVALC, _DUR, and _COR are removed.
Final ADRS : Best Overall Response parameter for
ORR analysis
45
USUBJID TRTP PARAMCD PARAM AVISIT AVALC
001-01-001 Study Drug BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study PD
001-01-001 Study Drug OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study N
001-01-002 Control BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study SD
001-01-002 Control OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study N
001-01-003 Control BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study SD
001-01-003 Control OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study N
001-01-004 Study Drug BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study PR
001-01-004 Study Drug OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study Y
001-01-005 Study Drug BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study PD
001-01-005 Study Drug OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study N
Dataset
Name
Parameter
Identifier
Variable
Name
Variable
Label
Variable
Type
Display
Format
Codelist /
Controlle
d Terms
Source / Derivation
ADRS PARAMCD PARAMCD Parameter
Code
text $8 OBJRESP
ADRS OBJRESP AVALC Analysis
Value (C)
text $1 Y, N ‘Y’ If AVAL at “Best Overall
Response” is ‘CR’ or ‘PR’.
‘N’ otherwise.
• SDTM
– Investigator driven response
• ADaM
– Data/Analysis driven response
• Very important to understand response selection and
method from RECIST 1.1
Conclusion
46
47© 2015 Accenture All Rights Reserved.
Contacts and Questions
Kevin Lee
Email:
kevin.s.lee@accenture.com
Vikash Jain
Email:
vikash.jain@inventivhealth.com

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Two different use cases to obtain best response using recist 11 sdtm and a da-m

  • 1. Two different Use Cases to obtain best response using RECIST 1.1: SDTM and ADaM Kevin Lee Vikash Jain We help our Clients deliver better outcomes, so they can improve the quality of people’s lives.
  • 2. Any views or opinions presented in this presentation are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the company. Disclaimer 2
  • 3. • Introduction of Oncology • Oncology-specific Standards: Response Criteria guidelines and CDISC Standards • Introduction of RECIST • Best Response using SDTM • Best Response using ADaM • Conclusion/ Questions Agenda 3
  • 4. • In 2008, there were estimated 12,665,500 new cases of cancel worldwide. • One in eight deaths in the world are due to cancer. • Cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries. • NIH reported that the cost of cancer in 2007 in the U.S. was 226.8 billion overall. • There are 28 million cancer survivors worldwide. • Men who have never married are up to 35% more likely to die from cancer than those who are married. Cancer Trivia 4
  • 5. • 2012 – 39 Approval – 13 Oncology (33 %) • 2013 – 27 Approval – 8 Oncology (30 %) • 2014 ( as of the end of October) – 34 Approval – 7 Oncology (18%) • Note: based on the reports of NMEs and BLAs approved by CDER FDA CDER NMEs and BLAs Approval 5
  • 6. Introduction of Oncology • How are the oncology studies different from other studies? – Tumor measurements and their response to drug – Oncology-specific measurements for response criteria (e.g., Liver and Spleen Enlargement, Bone Marrow Infiltrate and Blood Counts) – Oncology-diagnosis measurements (e.g., immunophenotype, performance status on ECOG, staging) – Toxicity (Lab and AE) – Time to Event Analysis (e.g., OS, PFS, TTP and ORR) 6
  • 7. Types of Oncology Studies and their Response Guidelines Standards • Masses of abnormal tissue that originate in organs or soft tissues that typically do not include fluid areas and cysts. (e.g., breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and melanoma) • RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor) 1.1 Solid Tumor • Cancer that starts in lymph nodes • Cheson 2007 Lymphoma • Cancer that usually begins in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells(lymphocytes). • IWCLL 2008, IWAML 2003, NCCN Guideline 2012 on ALL, CML ESMO Guidelines Leukemia 7
  • 8. • RECIST(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor) – Version 1.0 and 1.1 (released on October 2008) • Lesions – Measurable and Non-Measurable • 10 mm by CT scan • 20 mm by chest X-ray – Target and Non-Target • One-dimensional measurement (longest diameter). RECIST 8
  • 9. • Measurable • Up to 5 lesions • Maximum of 2 lesions per organ • Measurement – Lesion with longest diameter – Lymph nodes with a short axis – Sum of diameters Target Lesions according to RECIST 1.1 9
  • 10. • All other lesions • Measurement – Present, absent, unequivocal progression. Non-Target Lesions according to RECIST 1.1 10
  • 13. Target Lesions according to RECIST 1.1 13
  • 15. Response Evaluation of Changes in Tumor Results Measurements for Responses at any given time 15 Target Non-Target New Overall Response
  • 16. • Complete Response(CR) : Disappearance of all target lesions • Partial Response(PR) : 30 % decrease in the sum of diameters from baseline • Progressive Diseases (PD) : 20 % increase from the smallest (at least more than 5 mm) • Stable Disease (SD) : • Inevaluable (NE) Response Criteria of Target Lesions 16
  • 17. • Complete Response(CR) : Disappearance of all non- target lesions • Non-CR/Non-PD • Progressive Diseases (PD) : unequivocal progression(an overall level of substantial worsening in non-target diseases) • Inevaluable (NE) Response Criteria of Non-Target lesions 17
  • 18. Overall Response at given time point 18 Target Lesion Non-target Lesions New Lesions Overall Response CR CR No CR CR Non-CR/non-PD No PR CR NE No PR PR Non-PD or NE No PR SD Non-PD or NE No SD NE Non-PD No NE PD Any Yes or No PD Any PD Yes or No PD Any Any Yes PD
  • 19. • Randomized and open label Phase II Study • Solid Tumor following RECIST 1.1 • 5 cycles • 3 target and 3 non-target lesions at screening • Primary Efficacy – Objective Response Rate • Secondary – Time to Progression and Progression Free Survival Example 19
  • 20. • SDTM – TU : Tumor Identification – TR : Tumor Results – RS : Response • ADaM – ADTR : Tumor Results Analysis Dataset – ADRS : Response Analysis Dataset CDISC Tumor SDTM Domain and ADaM datasets 20
  • 21. Two cases to obtain Best Response: SDTM and ADaM 21 SDTM TR RS ADaM ADTR ADRS Best Response
  • 22. Why using ADaM to get best response for a patient? 22 • A request by reviewers. • Programmatic validations (RECIST 1.1)
  • 23. Case 1 :How to derive Best Response using SDTM 23
  • 24. SDTM TU (Tumor Identification) 24 USUBJI D TULINK ID TUTESTC D TUTEST TUORRES TULOC TUMETHO D 001-01- 001 T01 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification TARGET ABDOME N CT SCAN 001-01- 001 T02 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification TARGET ABDOME N CT SCAN 001-01- 001 T03 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification TARGET THYROID CT SCAN 001-01- 001 NT01 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification NON-TARGET LIVER CT SCAN 001-01- 001 NT02 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification NON-TARGET KIDNEY CT SCAN 001-01- 001 NT03 TUMIDENT Tumor Identification NON-TARGET SPLEEN CT SCAN Key points to note: • Subject 001 has 3 target and 3 non-targets • TU.TULINKID is connected TR.TRLINKID
  • 25. SDTM TR at Screening 25 USUBJ ID TRGRI D TRLINKI D TRTE STCD TRTES T TRCA T TRORR ES TRORRE SU VISIT TRDT C 001-01- 001 Target T01 LDIAM Longest Diameter Measu rement 23 mm Screening 2011- 01-01 001-01- 001 Target T02 LDIAM Longest Diameter Measu rement 22 mm Screening 2011- 01-01 001-01- 001 Target T03 LDIAM Longest Diameter Measu rement 25 mm Screening 2011- 01-01 001-01- 001 Target SUMDI AM Sum of Diameter Measu rement 70 mm Screening 2011- 01-01 001-01- 001 Non- Target NT01 TUMST ATE Tumor State Qualita tive PRESEN T Screening 2011- 01-01 001-01- 001 Non- Target NT02 TUMST ATE Tumor State Qualita tive PRESEN T Screening 2011- 01-01 001-01- 001 Non- Target NT03 TUMST ATE Tumor State Qualita tive PRESEN T Screening 2011- 01-01 Key points to note: • Sum of Diameter was collected • Target lesions were measured quantitatively and non-target qualitatively.
  • 26. SDTM TR at Cycle 1 26 USUBJ ID TRGRI D TRLINKI D TRTE STCD TRTES T TRCA T TROR RES TRORRE SU VISIT TRDT C 001-01- 001 Target T01 LDIAM Longest Diameter Measu rement 10 mm Cycle 1 2011- 03-01 001-01- 001 Target T02 LDIAM Longest Diameter Measu rement 10 mm Cycle 1 2011- 03-01 001-01- 001 Target T03 LDIAM Longest Diameter Measu rement 15 mm Cycle 1 2011- 03-01 001-01- 001 Target SUMDI AM Sum of Diameter Measu rement 35 mm Cycle 1 2011- 03-01 001-01- 001 Non- Target NT01 TUMST ATE Tumor State Qualita tive PRESE NT Cycle 1 2011- 03-01 001-01- 001 Non- Target NT02 TUMST ATE Tumor State Qualita tive PRESE NT Cycle 1 2011- 03-01 001-01- 001 Non- Target NT03 TUMST ATE Tumor State Qualita tive PRESE NT Cycle 1 2011- 03-01 Key points to note: • Sum of Diameter changed from 70 mm to 35 mm • No changes in non-target.
  • 27. SDTM RS: Response at given time-point 27 USUBJID RSTESTCD RSTEST RSCAT RSORRES VISIT RSDTC RSSEQ 001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 1 2011-03-01 1 001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 1 2011-03-01 2 001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 1 2011-03-01 3 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 1 2011-03-01 4 001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 2 2011-06-01 5 001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 2 2011-06-01 6 001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 2 2011-06-01 7 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 2 2011-06-01 8 001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 3 2011-09-01 9 001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 3 2011-09-01 10 001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 3 2011-09-01 11 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 3 2011-09-01 12 001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 4 2011-12-01 13 001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 4 2011-12-01 14 001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 4 2011-12-01 15 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 4 2011-12-01 16 001-01-001 TRGRESP Target Response RECIST 1.1 PD Cycle 5 2012-03-01 17 001-01-001 NTRGRESP Non-target Response RECIST 1.1 NonCR/NonPD Cycle 5 2012-03-01 18 001-01-001 NEWLPROG New Legion Progression RECIST 1.1 No Cycle 5 2012-03-01 19 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PD Cycle 5 2012-03-01 20 Target Lesion Non-target Lesions New Lesions Overall Response PR Non-PD or NE No PR
  • 28. SDTM RS: Best Response when confirmation is not needed. 28 USUBJID RSTESTCD RSTEST RSCAT RSORRE S VISIT RSDTC RSSEQ 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 1 2011-03-01 4 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 2 2011-06-01 8 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 SD Cycle 3 2011-09-01 12 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PR Cycle 4 2011-12-01 16 001-01-001 OVRLRESP Overall Response RECIST 1.1 PD Cycle 5 2012-03-01 20 001-01-001 BESTRESP Best Response RECIST 1.1 PR Key points to note: • Investigator decides best response for patient 001.
  • 29. How to derive Best Response from ADaM 29
  • 30. Analysis Dataset Metadata for ADTR 30 Dataset Name Dataset Description Dataset Location Dataset Structure Key Variables of Dataset Class of Dataset Documentation ADTR Tumor Results Analysis Data adtr.xpt one record per subject per parameter per analysis visit USUBJID, PARAMC D, AVISITN BDS c-adtr.txt
  • 31. Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (1) 31 Dataset Name Parameter Identifier Variable Name Variable Label Variable Type Display Format Codelist / Controlled Terms Source / Derivation ADTR *ALL* USUBJID Unique Subject Identifier text $20 ADSL.USUBJ ID ADTR *ALL* SITEID Site ID text $20 ADSL.SITEID ADTR *ALL* SEX Sex text $20 M, F ADSL.SEX ADTR *ALL* FASFL Full Analysis Set Population Flag text $1 Y, N ADSL.FASFL ADTR *ALL* TRTPN Planned Treatment (N) integer 1.0 1 = Placebo, 2 = Study Drug ADSL.TRTPN ADTR *ALL* TRTP Planned Treatment text $20 Placebo, Study Drug ADSL.TRTP ADTR *ALL* AVISITN Analysis Visit (N) integer 3.0 TR.VISITNU M ADTR *ALL* AVISIT Analysis Visit text $20 TR.VISIT
  • 32. Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (2) 32 Dataset Name Parameter Identifier Variable Name Variable Label Variable Type Display Format Codelist / Controlled Terms Source / Derivation ADTR PARAMCD PARAMC D Paramet er Code text $8 LDIAM1, LDIAM2, LDIAM3, SUMDIA, SDFRSM, TUMSTAT1, TUMSTAT2, TUMSTAT3, NUMNTG, NEWLES ADTR *ALL* PARAM Paramet er text $50 Longest Diameter of Target 1 (mm), Longest Diameter of Target 2 (mm), Longest Diameter of Target 3 (mm), Sum of Diameter (mm), Sum of Diameter from smallest Sum of Diameter (mm), Tumor State of Non-Target 1, Tumor State of Non-Target 2, Tumor State of Non-Target 3, Number of Present Non-Target Lesion, New Lesion
  • 33. 33 Dataset Name Parameter Identifier Variable Name Variable Label Variable Type Display Format Codelist / Controlled Terms Source / Derivation ADTR SDFRSM, NUMNTG, NEWLES PARAMTY P Parameter Type text $20 DERIVED ADTR LDIAM1, LDIAM2, LDIAM3, SUMDIA AVAL Analysis Value float 8.2 TR.TRSTRESN ADTR SDFRSM AVAL Analysis Value float 8.2 TR.TRSTRESN at TRTESTCD=‘SUMDIA’ ADTR TUMSTAT1, TUMSTAT2, TUMSTAT3 AVALC Analysis Value (C ) text $30 TR.TRSTRESC ADTR NUMNTG AVAL Analysis Value float 8.2 Count(AVALC=‘PRESENT’) for Non-Target Lesion ADTR NEWLES AVALC Analysis Value (C ) text $1 Y, N ‘Y’ if Any TR.TRGRPID=‘NEW’ ‘N’ if No TR.TRGRPID= ‘NEW’ ADTR SUMDIA BASE Baseline Value float 8.2 AVAL at ABLFL = ‘Y’ ADTR SDFRSM BASE Baseline Value float 8.2 Previous Smallest AVAL at PARAMCD=‘SUMDIA’ Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (3)
  • 34. 34 Dataset Name Parameter Identifier Variable Name Variable Label Variable Type Display Format Codelist / Controlled Terms Source / Derivation ADTR SUMDIA CRIT1 Analysis Criteria 1 text $50 AVAL = 0 ADTR SUMDIA CRIT2 Analysis Criteria 2 text $50 PCHG < -30 ADTR SDFRSM CRIT3 Analysis Criteria 1 text $50 PCHG > 120 and CHG > 5 Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (5) Key points to note (Target Lesions) : • SUMDIA • if CRIT1FL = ‘Y’, CR • if CRIT2FL = ‘Y’, PR • SDFRSM : if CRIT3FL = ‘Y’, PD • no CRIT1, CRIT2 and CRIT3, SD Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (4)
  • 35. 35 Dataset Name Parameter Identifier Variable Name Variable Label Variable Type Display Format Codelist / Controlled Terms Source / Derivatio n ADTR TUMSTAT1, TUMSTAT2, TUMSTAT3 CRIT4 Analysis Criteria 1 text $50 AVALC = ‘UNEQUIVOCAL ’ ADTR NUMNTG CRIT5 Analysis Criteria 1 text $50 AVAL = 0 ADTR NEWLES CRIT6 Analysis Criteria 1 text $50 AVALC= ‘Y’ Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (4) Key points to note: •Non-Target Lesions • TUMSTAT1, TUMSTAT2, TUMSTAT3 : if CRIT4FL = ‘Y’, PD • NUMNTG : if CRIT5FL = ‘Y’, CR • no CRIT4 and CRIT5, NonCR/NonPD • New Lesions • NEWLES : if CRIT6FL = ‘Y’, ‘Yes’; if not, ‘No’ Analysis Variable Metadata including Analysis Parameter value level Metadata for ADTR (5)
  • 36. ADTR (Tumor Results Analysis Dataset) for Target Lesion at Cycle 1 36 USUBJID PARAM PARAMTYP AVISIT AVAL AVALC BASE CHG PCHG CRIT2FL 001-01- 001 Longest Diameter of Target 1 (mm) Cycle 1 10 23 001-01- 001 Longest Diameter of Target 2 (mm) Cycle 1 10 22 001-01- 001 Longest Diameter of Target 3 (mm) Cycle 1 15 25 001-01- 001 Sum of Diameter (mm) Cycle 1 35 70 -35 -50 Y 001-01- 001 Sum of Diameter from smallest Sum of Diameter (mm), DERIVED Cycle 1 35 70 -35 -50 Key points to note: • No CRIT1(aval=0) and CRIT3(pchg>120 and chg>5) • CRIT2FL(CHG < -30) = ‘Y’, so PR • Row 5: BASE(70) is the smallest Sum of Diameter
  • 37. ADTR (Tumor Results Analysis Dataset) for non- target and new at Cycle 1 37 USUBJID PARAM PARAMTYP AVISIT AVAL AVALC BASE 001-01-001 Tumor State of Non-Target 1 Cycle 1 PRESENT PRESENT 001-01-001 Tumor State of Non-Target 2 Cycle 1 PRESENT PRESENT 001-01-001 Tumor State of Non-Target 3 Cycle 1 PRESENT PRESENT 001-01-001 Number of Non-Target Lesion DERIVED Cycle 1 3 001-01-001 New Lesion DERIVED Cycle 1 N Key points to note: • Non-Targets • No CRIT4(avalc=‘UNEQUIVOCAL’) and CRIT5(aval=0), NonCR/NonPD •New • No CRIT6(avalc=‘Y’), No
  • 38. • Efficacy Analysis – Objective Response Rate (ORR) – Time to Progression (TTP) – Progression Free Survival (PFS) Responses Evaluation in Solid Tumor 38
  • 39. • Select the best overall response for a subject • The best overall response does not worsen over time. - if a subject achieve CR at cycle 3 and PD at cycle 5, the best overall response is still CR Best Overall Response for ORR 39
  • 40. • Needed for the trials where response is the primary end point. • The confirmation of CR and PR – In Randomized trials, not needed. – In non-randomized trials or unblinded studies, the confirmation is needed at the subsequent visits (usually 4 weeks) • The confirmation of SD – usually 6 to 8 weeks. Confirmation of Response 40
  • 41. ADRS : Best Overall Response when the confirmation IS NOT needed. 41 USUBJI D TRTP PARAM PARAMTYP AVISIT AVALC RSSEQ 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 1 PR 3 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 2 SD 6 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 3 SD 9 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 4 PR 12 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 5 PD 15 001-01- 001 Study Drug Best Overall Response DERIVED End of Study PR ….
  • 42. Best Overall Response table when confirmation of CR and PR required 42 Overall Response First Time point Overall Response Subsequent time point Best Overall Response CR CR CR CR PR SD, PD or PR CR SD SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration met, otherwise, PD CR PD SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration met, otherwise, PD CR NE SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration met, otherwise, NE PR CR PR PR PR PR PR SD SD PR PD SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration met, otherwise, PD PR NE SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration met, otherwise, NE
  • 43. ADRS : Best Overall Response when the confirmation of PR and CR IS needed (1) 43 USUBJI D TRTP PARAM AVISIT AVAL C ADT RSSE Q _NAVAL C _DUR _CO R 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 1 PR 2011- 03-01 3 SD 61 SD 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 2 SD 2011- 06-01 6 SD 62 SD 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 3 SD 2011- 09-01 9 PR 61 SD 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 4 PR 2011- 12-01 12 PD 61 SD 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 5 PD 2012- 03-01 15 PD 001-01- 001 Study Drug Best Overall Response End of Study SD Key points to note: • _NAVALC, _DUR, and _COR are temporary ADaM plus variables • AVALC for Best Overall Response will be collected from _FOR Overall Response First Time point Overall Response Subsequent time point Best Overall Response PR SD SD Overall Response First Time point Overall Response Subsequent time point Best Overall Response PR PD SD provided minimum criteria for SD duration met, otherwise, PD
  • 44. ADRS : Best Overall Response when the confirmation IS needed (2) 44 USUBJID TRTP PARAM PARAMTYP AVISIT AVALC ADT RSSEQ 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 1 PR 2011-03- 01 3 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 2 SD 2011-06- 01 6 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 3 SD 2011-09- 01 9 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 4 PR 2011-12- 01 12 001-01- 001 Study Drug Overall Response Cycle 5 PD 2012-03- 01 15 001-01- 001 Study Drug Best Overall Response DERIVED End of Study SD Key points to note: • _NAVALC, _DUR, and _COR are removed.
  • 45. Final ADRS : Best Overall Response parameter for ORR analysis 45 USUBJID TRTP PARAMCD PARAM AVISIT AVALC 001-01-001 Study Drug BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study PD 001-01-001 Study Drug OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study N 001-01-002 Control BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study SD 001-01-002 Control OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study N 001-01-003 Control BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study SD 001-01-003 Control OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study N 001-01-004 Study Drug BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study PR 001-01-004 Study Drug OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study Y 001-01-005 Study Drug BESTRESP Best Overall Response End of Study PD 001-01-005 Study Drug OBJRESP Objective Response End of Study N Dataset Name Parameter Identifier Variable Name Variable Label Variable Type Display Format Codelist / Controlle d Terms Source / Derivation ADRS PARAMCD PARAMCD Parameter Code text $8 OBJRESP ADRS OBJRESP AVALC Analysis Value (C) text $1 Y, N ‘Y’ If AVAL at “Best Overall Response” is ‘CR’ or ‘PR’. ‘N’ otherwise.
  • 46. • SDTM – Investigator driven response • ADaM – Data/Analysis driven response • Very important to understand response selection and method from RECIST 1.1 Conclusion 46
  • 47. 47© 2015 Accenture All Rights Reserved. Contacts and Questions Kevin Lee Email: kevin.s.lee@accenture.com Vikash Jain Email: vikash.jain@inventivhealth.com