1. AUTISM
ADHD

2. PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
Characterized by pervasive and usually severe
impairment of reciprocal social interaction
skills, communication deviance, restricted
stereotypical behavioral patterns. 75% are
also mentally retarded.
• Autistic Disorder
• Best known of these disorders
• More prevalent in boys
• Present by age 3

3. • Child has little eye contact, few facial
expressions, does not communicate verbally or
with gestures, doesn’t relate to peers or
parents, lacks spontaneous enjoyment;
apparent absence of mood and affect; cannot
engage in play or make-believe with toys
• Hand-flapping, body-twisting, head-banging
• Autism may improve, sometimes substantially,
as language and communication skills are
learned.
• Traits persist into adulthood. Few attain
complete independence, marry, or have
children.

4. • Most autistic children are
mainstreamed in school.
• Medications may be used to target
specific behaviors but do not treat the
autism.
• Goals are to reduce behavioral
symptoms and promote learning,
development, and language skills.

5. • persistent inattentiveness, over activity, and
impulsiveness for at least 6 months
Inattentiveness includes:
- Carelessness and inattention to details
- Cannot sustain attention and does not appear to be
listening
- Does not follow instructions and unable to finish
tasks, chores, and homework.
- Difficulty with organization and dislikes activities
requiring concentration and sustained effort.
- Loses things; distracted by extraneous stimuli,
forgetful.
ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERS

6. Impulsivity includes;
- Blurts out answers, speaks before thinking
- problem waiting his/her turn.
- interrupts or intrudes

7. Most often diagnosed when child
starts school or preschool
Onset and Clinical Course

8. ETIOLOGY
Essentially unknown, but likely to be a
combination of factors such as
environmental toxins, prenatal
influences, heredity, damage to
brain structure and function.

9. TREATMENT
• Combination of behavioral strategies and
psychostimulants (Ritalin)
• Side effects: insomnia, loss of appetite,
weight loss or failure to gain weight
• Behavioral strategies are necessary at home
and school to help the child succeed:
consistent rewards and consequences for
behavior, using time-out, points systems,
structured routine and schedule for activities

10. Nursing diagnoses include:
• Risk for Injury
• Ineffective Role Performance
• Impaired Social Interaction
• Compromised Family Coping
Data Analysis

11. Intervention
Can be used in variety of settings and
taught to parents, teachers, and
caregivers:
• Ensuring safety
• Improved role performance
• Simplifying instructions, breaks commands
into simple steps
• Providing a structured daily routine
• Providing client and family education
and support

12. -Time outs may be needed for cooling down
- Role-playing – helpful in teaching friend-friend
interaction; helps child prepare for interactions
and understand how intrusive behaviors annoy
and drive friends away
- Inform school about the disorder
- Support desired behaviors and immediately
respond to undesired behaviors with
consequences.
- Natural consequences – (loses bicycle) do not
replace; has to save own money to replace it