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ALL ABOUT JAPANESE VERBS,[object Object],PART 1,[object Object]
A. What is a verb?,[object Object],Verbs are words that describe an action, a process, or state of being.,[object Object],Verbs have different forms which enable you to express time, intention, feelings, politeness, etc.,[object Object],Japanese verbs express these things too, but in different ways than the English language.,[object Object],The main verb of a Japanese sentence always goes at the end of the sentence, since the Japanese word order is (SOV) subject/object/verb, where as the English sentence word order is (SVO) subject/verb/object.,[object Object]
Japanese sentence word order.,[object Object],(subject)    (object)       (verb),[object Object],1. Okaasanga  pan  wokaimashita. verb is at the end.,[object Object],      (Mother       bread        bought.),[object Object],English sentence word order,[object Object],   (Subject)  (verb)    (object),[object Object],2.  Mother   bought   bread. verb is not at the end.,[object Object]
B. Agreement,[object Object],In English a verb must agree with it’s subject in person and number. In the present tense, for example, a subject in the first person takes a different verb form from a subject in the third person, and a plural subject in the third person takes a different verb form from a singular subject.,[object Object]
All About Japanese Verbs
In Japanese, agreement is not an issue. Verbs do not have different forms to indicate person, number,  or gender. The same verb form is used no matter what the subject. This is true for all tenses. ,[object Object]
All About Japanese Verbs
(TIP),[object Object],This principle is easy to understand if you remember the following : If the meaning is clear from the context in a japanese sentence, a pronoun is not necessary. Therefore, ikimasu is both a verb and a sentence.,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
In a dictionary, an English verb is listed in its infinitive, or “to” form: (to)go, (to) see, etc. A Japanese verb on the other hand, is listed in what is called it’s “dictionary form.” The dictionary form is the basis for categorizing a verb into one of the two major conjugations.,[object Object],The two major groups differ in how they form their stems and their infinitives. The stem is the most important inflectional base, which may change, or to which different suffixes, or endings, are added, to show tense, mood, and politeness level. The infinitive is the second  most important inflectional base.,[object Object]
The consonant conjugation.,[object Object],In this group, the verb stems end in a consonant. Therefore they may be called c-stem verbs, as we shall do here. Because the stems are formed by dropping the final u, this is also referred to as u-dropping conjugation, and the verbs may be called u-dropping verbs.,[object Object]
How can you tell a consonant conjugation verb?,[object Object], If the dictionary form ends in anything but -eru or –iru, it belongs in this group.,[object Object],How do you form the stem?,[object Object], To form the stem of the verb, drop the final –u.,[object Object]
All About Japanese Verbs
For a few verbs, certain sound changes are necessary: ,[object Object],[object Object]
 If a verb ends in –tsu, the stem ends in ch before a suffix beginning with i, or t before other suffixes.,[object Object]
If a verb ends in -au, -iu, or –ou, it is still considered a c-stem verb, and it belongs in this group, even though a vowel remains after the u is dropped. The reason is that a missing “w” is considered the final consonant of the stem. That w, although not used in the affirmative forms, is needed for some of the negative forms. ,[object Object]
For example:,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
A continuation of this lesson will be posted shortly. Look forward to part 2 of “All about verbs”.,[object Object]
All About Japanese Verbs
All About Japanese Verbs

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All About Japanese Verbs

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