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Food Chemistry
A. Jebelli Javan
E-mail: jebellija@profs.semnan.ac.ir
‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫کیفی‬ ‫کنترل‬ ‫آزمایشگاه‬ ‫اهمیت‬
!
‫شیمیایی‬ ‫واکنشهای‬ ‫انبارها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫سردخانه‬ ‫در‬ ‫نگهداری‬ ‫و‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫و‬ ‫حمل‬
‫بهداشتی‬ ‫ضرر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اقتصادی‬ ‫ازضرر‬ ‫ممانعت‬ ‫فساد‬ ‫متعدد‬
!
‫مجاز‬ ‫حد‬ ‫در‬ ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫های‬ ‫نگدارنده‬ ‫و‬ ‫افزودنیها‬ ‫میزان‬ ‫کنترل‬
!
‫کیفیت‬ ‫افزایش‬ ‫برای‬ ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫کارخانجات‬ ‫بین‬ ‫سازنده‬ ‫رقابت‬
‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ : ‫انرژی‬ ‫تولید‬ – ‫بافتها‬ ‫و‬ ‫نسوج‬ ‫ترمیم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ساخت‬- ‫اعمال‬ ‫تنظیم‬
‫مختلف‬ ‫دستگاههای‬
2
Part I
Water
4
5
6
7
8
Water phase diagram
9
10
‫ها‬ ‫پروتئین‬ ‫ساختار‬ ‫بر‬ ‫آب‬ ‫اثر‬
11
Moisture Content
! MCWB= 100 * ‫غذایی‬ ‫ماده‬ ‫جرم‬ /‫غذایی‬ ‫ماده‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جرم‬
! MCDB= 100 * ‫خشک‬ ‫ماده‬ ‫جرم‬/‫غذایی‬ ‫ماده‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جرم‬
! ‫=جرم‬ 100g ‫آب‬ = 80g ‫خشک‬ ‫ماده‬ = 20g
MCWB ‫و‬ MCDB = ‫؟‬
12
‫آبی‬ ‫فعالیت‬
Water Activity
13
EMC: Equilibrium Moisture Content
‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫دمای‬ ‫هم‬
Water Sorption Isotermic
! LMF (<0.6)
! IMF (0.6- 0.9)
! HMF (>0.9)
14
‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫دمای‬ ‫هم‬
Water Sorption Isotermic
15
Zone III
Zone II
Zone I
Hysteresis
16
17
‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫در‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫آب‬
!
‫پیوندی‬ ‫یا‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫تک‬ ‫آب‬ (BET) : aw: 0-0.2
‫غذایی‬ ‫اجزاء‬ ‫به‬ ‫متصل‬ ‫دوقطبی‬-‫یونی‬ ‫و‬ ‫هیدروژنی‬ ‫پیوندهای‬ ‫توسط‬ ً‫ا‬‫شدید‬
‫مرغ‬ ‫تخم‬ ‫سفیده‬ ‫و‬ ‫گوشت‬ > ‫نان‬ > ‫سبزیها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫میوه‬
! ‫پیوسته‬ ‫نیمه‬ ‫آب‬ ‫یا‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫چند‬ ‫آب‬ (Multilayer):
aw: 0.2-0.6
!
‫موئینه‬ ‫آب‬ ‫یا‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫آب‬: aw> 0.6
18
‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫دمای‬ ‫هم‬
Water Sorption Isotermic
19
Zone III
Zone II
Zone I
20
21
22
23

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Water in food chemistry

  • 1. Food Chemistry A. Jebelli Javan E-mail: jebellija@profs.semnan.ac.ir
  • 2. ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫کیفی‬ ‫کنترل‬ ‫آزمایشگاه‬ ‫اهمیت‬ ! ‫شیمیایی‬ ‫واکنشهای‬ ‫انبارها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫سردخانه‬ ‫در‬ ‫نگهداری‬ ‫و‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫و‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫بهداشتی‬ ‫ضرر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اقتصادی‬ ‫ازضرر‬ ‫ممانعت‬ ‫فساد‬ ‫متعدد‬ ! ‫مجاز‬ ‫حد‬ ‫در‬ ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫های‬ ‫نگدارنده‬ ‫و‬ ‫افزودنیها‬ ‫میزان‬ ‫کنترل‬ ! ‫کیفیت‬ ‫افزایش‬ ‫برای‬ ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫کارخانجات‬ ‫بین‬ ‫سازنده‬ ‫رقابت‬ ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ : ‫انرژی‬ ‫تولید‬ – ‫بافتها‬ ‫و‬ ‫نسوج‬ ‫ترمیم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ساخت‬- ‫اعمال‬ ‫تنظیم‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫دستگاههای‬ 2
  • 4. 4
  • 5. 5
  • 6. 6
  • 7. 7
  • 8. 8
  • 10. 10
  • 11. ‫ها‬ ‫پروتئین‬ ‫ساختار‬ ‫بر‬ ‫آب‬ ‫اثر‬ 11
  • 12. Moisture Content ! MCWB= 100 * ‫غذایی‬ ‫ماده‬ ‫جرم‬ /‫غذایی‬ ‫ماده‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جرم‬ ! MCDB= 100 * ‫خشک‬ ‫ماده‬ ‫جرم‬/‫غذایی‬ ‫ماده‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جرم‬ ! ‫=جرم‬ 100g ‫آب‬ = 80g ‫خشک‬ ‫ماده‬ = 20g MCWB ‫و‬ MCDB = ‫؟‬ 12
  • 14. ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫دمای‬ ‫هم‬ Water Sorption Isotermic ! LMF (<0.6) ! IMF (0.6- 0.9) ! HMF (>0.9) 14
  • 15. ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫دمای‬ ‫هم‬ Water Sorption Isotermic 15 Zone III Zone II Zone I
  • 17. 17
  • 18. ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫در‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫آب‬ ! ‫پیوندی‬ ‫یا‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫تک‬ ‫آب‬ (BET) : aw: 0-0.2 ‫غذایی‬ ‫اجزاء‬ ‫به‬ ‫متصل‬ ‫دوقطبی‬-‫یونی‬ ‫و‬ ‫هیدروژنی‬ ‫پیوندهای‬ ‫توسط‬ ً‫ا‬‫شدید‬ ‫مرغ‬ ‫تخم‬ ‫سفیده‬ ‫و‬ ‫گوشت‬ > ‫نان‬ > ‫سبزیها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫میوه‬ ! ‫پیوسته‬ ‫نیمه‬ ‫آب‬ ‫یا‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫چند‬ ‫آب‬ (Multilayer): aw: 0.2-0.6 ! ‫موئینه‬ ‫آب‬ ‫یا‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫آب‬: aw> 0.6 18
  • 19. ‫غذایی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫دمای‬ ‫هم‬ Water Sorption Isotermic 19 Zone III Zone II Zone I
  • 20. 20
  • 21. 21
  • 22. 22
  • 23. 23